Tag:biological treatment

№8|2022

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.08.05
UDC 628.35

Epov A. N., Danilovich Dmitrii

On the discussion on the comparison of methods for calculating aeration tanks with the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus (for the discussion)

Summary

The arguments of the authors of the book «Calculation and process engineering of processes and facilities for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater» are given in response to the critical article by O. V. Khar’kina in the «VST» journal on the method proposed for calculating aeration tanks. Based on the literature review, it is shown that the calculation of aeration tanks in terms of the sludge age is not empirical, however based on the kinetic laws; and, herewith, in the field of application recommended by the authors, the use of a smaller number of empirical coefficients is required eliminating their choice. Explanations are given why accounting for the concentration of dissolved oxygen and calculation for the nitrite nitrogen concentrations less than 0.05 mg/l should not be included in the calculation procedure. Explanations are given for the dependence of kinetic coefficients on the concentrations in the effluent because of the change in the species composition of nitrifiers according to the theory of competitive exclusion of species. Information is provided on the successful comparison of the methods proposed by the authors with the simulation in the GPS-X program and on the operation of a new block of the Liubertsy Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Moscow), calculated according to the method. The operation of the block testifies to the complete sufficiency of the volume of the aerobic zone of the aeration tanks.

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№9-2|2011

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35.002.237

Strelkov A. K., Shuvalov M. V., Astrakhantsev D. V., Dudarev V. A., Stepanov S. V., Tarakanov D. I.

Conception of Reconstruction of City Sewerage Treatment Facilities of Samara

Summary

The results of years of research aimed at improving the quality of wastewater treatment at the city sewerage treatment facilities of Samara are presented. The technology of the Capetown University is the most acceptable for the further reconstruction of facilities due to the low concentration of organic substances in clarified wastewater and a high ratio of biogenic elements concentration to biochemical consumption of oxygen. At present the studies of biomembrane treatment with the use of hollow fibre membranes and equipment of General Electric Co. are planned. For that it is necessary to build a screens building and to place also the unit of UV-disinfection of treated wastewater. The cost of reconstruction of the treatment facilities will be 11,8 milliards of roubles.

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№10|2011

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:661.5.63

KOZLOV M. N., Moyzhes O. V., Nikolaev Yu. A., GRACHEV V. A., Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Aseyeva V. G.

M-Defanox – multisludge system of nutrient removal

Summary

M-Defanox new technology was developed for the treatment of municipal wastewater low in organics. The method is based on the use of three sludge types and dephosphorization under anoxic conditions. The technology provides for the efficient utilization of organics in biological treatment process and ensures 99% nitrogen removal, 80% phosphorus elimination, 80% COD removal and 95% BOD removal.

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№10|2012

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:661.5.63

KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A., GRACHEV V. A., Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Moizhes S. I.

M-Defanox – efficient technology of biological phosphorus removal from wastewater

Summary

Energy efficient technology of removing nutrients from wastewater that requires minimum amount of organics has been developed in Mosvodokanal MPUE. M-Defanox technology is based on the oxidation of maximum available organic matter in the process of denitrification with the use of dephosphating-denitrifying bacteria. In the process of experimental tests in the laboratory-scale reactor the efficiency of nitrogen removal was 99%, phosphorus removal – 86%, COD – 80%, BOD – 95%. The technology can sustain acute fluctuations of incoming pollutants. The results of pilot tests showed 99% efficiency of ammonia nitrogen removal and 85% efficiency of phosphate-phosphorus removal. The use of M-Defanox technology provided for 50% reduction of disposed excess activated sludge.

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№7|2020

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.07.07
UDC 628.356.5

Kevbrina M. V., Novikov S. N.

Method of analyzing the operation of secondary settlers with the purpose of the optimization (for the discussion)

Summary

According to the results of laboratory tests on determining the sedimentation rate of sludge mixture particles in aeration tanks of wastewater treatment facilities, the curves of the gravitational mass flow, calculated in two ways, were plotted. Through the example of sludge mixture in the experimental aeration tank at the Lyuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow, a method for analyzing the operation of secondary settlers State Point Analysis, based on the theory of mass flows, is presented. This method provides for estimating the operation of secondary settlers with the purpose of making an operational decision to optimize their operation. «Dry matter load on the surface of secondary settlers» indicator is proposed to be introduced into the practice of operating secondary settlers as another tool for the control of their operation. This parameter shows the amount of dry matter of the sludge mixture in the aeration tanks that is supplied per unit surface of the secondary settlers per hour, and corresponds to the incoming mass flow. The dependence of the concentration of suspended solids in the effluent on the dry matter load and sludge index is given. By changing the dry matter load on the surface of the secondary settlers the standard quality of effluent in terms of suspended solids can be ensured.

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№8|2021

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.08.05
UDC 628.35

Zoubov M. G., Vilson Elena, Obukhov Dmitrii

Method of combined treatment of air terminal wastewater and liquid wastes from dry closets of aircrafts

Summary

The composition of the wastewater of air terminals includes sewage and industrial wastewater from the technological equipment of the food unit. Process flow schemes for wastewater treatment of air terminals do not provide for the reception and treatment of liquid wastes from water closets of aircrafts, that are highly concentrated in terms of COD, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus. In addition, they contain high concentrations of disinfectants with quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) as an active ingredient toxic to microorganisms. As a result of liquid waste discharge to the operating treatment facilities of the air terminal, the quality indicators of biological wastewater treatment have significantly deteriorated, and the properties of the biocenosis of the biofilm have also changed. The aim of the research was to determine a method for reducing the concentration of QAS to the level where the toxic effect on the biofilm biocenosis ceased, and to develop an appropriate process flow scheme. An analysis of the literature data on the impact of QAS on activated sludge microorganisms is presented; on this basis laboratory studies were carried out and a method was developed for the pre-treatment of liquid waste from aircraft water closets for the subsequent combined treatment with the air terminal sewage. In the course of the tests, the efficiency of pollution sorption, including QAS, by the preliminary regenerated excess activated sludge was determined. The technological parameters of the processes were determined; an efficient, reliable, easy-to-use process flow scheme for the combined treatment of sewage of the air terminal and liquid waste of water closets of aircrafts was developed and implemented.

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№1|2013

WASTEWATER SLUDGE TREATMENT

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UDC 628.17.001.4

Lominoga O. A., Agapov D. V., Kell L. S.

Minimizing the recovery of phosphorus-containing pollutants in the process of wastewater sludge treatment

Summary

To improve the Baltic Sea basin the problem of reducing the concentration of nutrients, phosphorus in particular, in the effluents must be solved. No less important is to prevent bound phosphorus recovery in the subsequent process of activated sludge dewatering. It is shown that minimizing phosphorus recovery during sludge dewatering and preventing secondary pollution of effluents can be ensured by separate thickening of activated sludge and raw sludge; as well as by minimizing the retention time of activated sludge and raw sludge mixture before mechanical dewatering.

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№11|2010

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT

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UDC 628.17.001.4

Shchetinin A. I., Esin M. A., Malbiev B. Yu., Regotun A. A.

Simulation of Biochemical Processes of Wastewater Treatment as a Basis of WWTFs Retechnologization

Summary

In accordance with the requirements of environmental legislation it is necessary to introduce the best available technologies at biological WWTFs. In the course of development of plans of reconstruction and capital repair of sewerage treatment facilities it is necessary to carry out the variant examination of flow charts of treatment on the basis of imitation simulation. A detailed analysis and comparison of different models of processes with activated sludge have been conducted. Treatment processes at large number of facilities have been simulated with the help of the Ecosim 3P program developed by the Ecopolymer Company. It is shown that the imitation simulation makes it possible to ensure a high accuracy of treatment results prediction. An approach to the retechnologization of treatment facilities based on mathematical models of biochemical processes with activated sludge has been developed. This approach tested experimentally at a whole number of biological treatment stations has made it possible to carry out their retechnologization resulted in considerable reduction of biogenic elements in treated water.

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№9|2016

POWER RESOURCES CONSERVATION

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UDC 628.355

Gogina Elena, Gul’shin I. A.

Simulation of energy efficient biological wastewater treatment process in a circulation oxidation ditch

Summary

In the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering comprehensive work is carried out in the field of simulating energy efficient wastewater treatment processes in circulation oxidation ditches. Notably, process flow schemes of removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater at low dissolved oxygen concentrations are considered. The study is aiming at the determination of optimal process modes of biomass activity under different conditions in the course of implementing experimental schemes. The summarized results of the second stage of the comprehensive study of energy efficient wastewater treatment in circulation oxidation ditches are presented: the efficiency dependency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification at variable oxygen regimen has been determined, the mechanism of biomass adaptation and specific features of biomass bringing to the operating regime has been studied. The experimental plant model is described that provides for considering not only biochemical but also more detailed hydraulic specific features of the experimental process.

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№9-1|2011

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.3.004.69

Modernization and Reconstruction of Sewage Treatment Facilities of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise Vodokanalof the City-Resort of Anapa

Summary

Features of the wastewater treatment in resort towns are described. The ways of enhancement of operation efficiency of sewage treatment facilities of the MUE Vodokanal of the city-resort of Anapa are considered. A brief characteristic of two variants of modernization of treatment facilities are presented. The first variant stipulating the partial replacement of equipment makes it possible to reduce expenditure and enhance efficiency of wastewater treatment at the most unsatisfactory operating parts of the flow chart. The second variant demands significant capital investments, changes in the flow chart and replacement of equipment, but at the same time economic efficiency and the required quality of wastewater treatment according to all the indicators are achieved.

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№2|2014

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35.004.69

Dzenis Lech, Gogina Elena, Gurinovich A.i D.

Small-scale treatment facilities upgrade using SBR technology

Summary

The issues of wastewater treatment facilities reconstruction with the use of sequencing batch reactor (SBR-cyclic reactor) are considered. Regulations for effluent discharge into water bodies of different purpose significantly differ in the Russian Federation and European Union. However, the experience of European countries in the field of wastewater treatment facilities upgrade is of great interest and can be used on the territory of Russia with some changes in the process flow diagram. The description of the process in a cyclic SBR is presented. The operation cycle of a typical reactor used for wastewater treatment is described. By the example of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities with different capacities in Poland the capabilities of reconstructing different types of facilities with batch reactor retrofit are shown. The example of converting a double-deck settling basin into a cyclic reactor is given. The capacity of the facilities in this case is not used in full. Therefore, if needed the output of the wastewater treatment facilities can be increased. The second example shows the upgrade of the rectangular biological treatment unit of the wastewater plant. The third example presents the reconstruction of a septic tank that was equipped with the systems of wastewater aeration, mixing, feeding and removal. The information on the equipment used in the process of converting various tanks into the batch reactor is quoted. The basic design parameters of a SBR are presented. The quality parameters of wastewater treatment in SBRs conform to the EC standards for effluent discharge into water bodies.

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№3|2014

VODOKANALS OF RUSSIA

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UDC 628.312.004.69

Petrushin I. N., Kobiakova N. V., Rouzayev V. I., Belyaeva S. D., Kuznetsov D. A., Sedykh T. N., Androsova E. I.

Upgrading the wastewater treatment facilities  of the Istra city and Istra Area

Summary

The necessity for the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facilities of the Istra city and minor wastewater treatment facilities operated by MUE «Istrinskii Vodokanal» of the Istra Area was stipulated by stringent requirements to the effluent quality that were not possible to meet at the existing facilities, and also by the actual wastewater flow increase and equipment wear. The reconstruction provides for the introduction of modern equipment and advanced technologies of wastewater treatment and sludge handling while making maximal use of the existing buildings and facilities. The maximum amount of work was carried out during reconstructing biological treatment line of the Istra wastewater treatment facilities. The project includes allocating nitrification-denitrification zones in the aeration tank and replacing the outdated aeration system with a system with disk fine-bubble membrane aerators. To improve the operation efficiency of the biological treatment facilities and reduce power consumption advanced air blowers were installed. Tertiary treatment facilities were upgraded; drum screens were replaced with microscreen filters. To solve the problem of sludge utilization the composting technology is being developed. Booster pumping stations were upgraded with installing power-operated grinding screens. The project of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities of Dedovsk town (20,000 m3/day) and Obushkovo village was designed. In 2008 the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facilities of Snegiri holiday home was completed. The design of the biological treatment facilities making use of the biolfilter building and two sections of percolating biofilters proved to be an interesting engineering solution. At present the step-by-step reconstruction with capacity increase of the wastewater treatment facilities in Pavlovskoe and Onufrievo settlements, and Rozhdestveno village is underway. The entire project is implemented by the specialists of the Istra Vodokanal in cooperation with BIFAR Scientific-Production Firm that has developed the basic process solutions and design documentation.

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№3-1|2013

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35

Zalyotova N. A., Zalyotov S. V.

CONTUS® modular system for wastewater treatment

Summary

CONTUS® turnkey modular system for domestic wastewater treatment operating at an industrial enterprise is described. Shipping container 1CC is used as a module. Depending on the configuration MS CONTUS® units ensure the required quality of effluent up to the level corresponding to the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies. The technology includes biological treatment with suspended and fixed microflora and a «dry» biological polishing filter. Elements of different size made of synthetic floating material are used as a media for immobilized microflora. The treatment processes and structural assemblies of the unit are protected with a patent. The industrial-scale operation of CONTUS® modular system proves its high efficiency and reliability.

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№8|2013

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:62-278

Stepanov S. V., Stepanov A. S., Stashok Yu. E., Blinkova L. A.

Modular membrane bioreactors

Summary

The advantages of membrane bioreactors over traditional wastewater biological treatment facilities are shown; the perspective areas of their use are presented. The basic principles of designing membrane bioreactors are given. The engineering designs and specific features of low capacity membrane bioreactors with submerged hollow fiber membranes are considered.

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№3|2011

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT

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UDC 628.356:661.63

KOZLOV M. N., KAZAKOVA E. A., Kharkina O. V., Dorofeev A. G., Nikolaev A. V.

A New Factor of Control of Facilities for Biological Removal of Phosphates from Wastewater

Summary

A new technological indicator making it possible to improve the efficiency and stability of phosphates removal at the facilities of biological treatment of wastewater for biogenic elements – the periodicity of change of phosphates concentration in the end of the anaerobic technological zone – is described. The use of this indicator reflecting the activity of phosphate accumulating bacteria has been assumed as a basis of a new algorithm of control of treatment facilities using the technology of biogenic elements removal and led to improvement of the efficiency of phosphates removal by 1,5–1,7 times.

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№10|2017

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35

SHVETSOV V. N.

On the criticism of the NII VODGEO method of designing
biological wastewater treatment facilities with nutrients removal

Summary

The analysis of the critical notes published in the article by Ph. D. (Engineering) D. A. Danilovich and Engineer A. N. Epov «Comparative analysis of the methods of designing biological wastewater treatment facilities with nitrogen removal» in which the opponents make the following statements: the NII VODGEO method is «manual» and simplified, cannot be considered as mathematical model; the specific nitrification rate parameter cannot be used in calculations; the effect of temperature and other factors are not taken into account; «simplified» equations of enzyme kinetics cannot be used for nitrification-denitrification processes because of the inadmissible distortions under the impact of factors that these equations do not take into account; sludge age is determined by the effluent quality regardless of the pollutant concentration in the incoming wastewater; in sludge growth calculations sludge age shall be used; the residual concentration of a substance (in effluent) does not depend on its initial concentration; aeration tank calculations shall be based on sludge age is presented. Based on the detailed analysis of the comments and statements of the opponents their inconsistency and lack of proof is shown. It is proved that not a single substantial fact damaging the NII VODGEO method has been mentioned in the article, and the conclusions made by the authors are unfounded and unsubstantiated. The conclusion is made that the availability of a reliable and approved national calculation method will provide for restricting the unsubstantiated use of inadequate, untested calculation methods; eliminating unjustified construction and upgrade overpricing, uncontrolled engaging of untested foreign inventions in the projects; reducing the level of corruption in this field; implementing correctly the developed best available technologies in domestic practice. It is noted that up to now the calculation method included in SNiP 2.04.03-85 has been the only opportunity for the experts to design and control the facilities for municipal and industrial wastewater biological treatment. Consequently, improving and updating a universal, scientifically grounded and field-proven domestic method of designing the facilities for municipal and industrial wastewater biological treatment with regard to the nutrients removal has been a crucial and pending task. The attention is called to the need of urgent restoration of the expert competency, the revival of the Russian scholarly traditions on the basis of the immense scientific and practical capacity established by our predecessors.

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№1|2010

PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

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UDC 664:628.381.3.001.

Gubanov L. N., Sevostyanov S. M., Katraeva I. V., Kulyomina S. V., Dyomin D. V.

Processing of Sludge of Biological Treatment of Food Industry Enterprises Wastewater

Summary

The technological scheme of processing of surplus activated sluge of anaerobic-aerobic biochemical wastewater treatment facilities at the food industry enterprises with production of high-quality compost and a disinfecting amino-acid composition from is proposed.

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№2|2013

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:665.6

Stepanov S. V., Strelkov A. K., Blinkova L. A., MOROZOVA K. M., Belyakov A. V.

Estimating kinetic constants for the process of biochemical treatment of oil refinery wastewater

Summary

The results of studies carried out under periodic conditions at the wastewater biological treatment facilities of the Novokouibyshevsky, Kouibyshevsky, Syzransky and Atchinsky oil refineries are presented. With reference to the measured oxygen consumption rate the values of the maximum oxidation rate, Michaelis constants and coefficient of inhibition by activated sludge degradation products were obtained. Kinetic constants depend on the raw wastewater composition and are subject to daily fluctuations. The obtained values can be used in designing aeration tanks for oil refinery wastewater treatment.

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№10|2022

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.10.05
UDC 628.35

Stepanov S. V., Avdeenkov Pavel, Ponomarenko Ol’ga, MOROZOVA K. M.

Determination of kinetic constants and coefficients of biological processes of wastewater treatment of egg advanced processing enterprises

Summary

The results of studies carried out in contact conditions with active sludge of a laboratory batch reactor with wastewater from an enterprise for advanced processing of chicken eggs are presented. In the course of kinetic experiments based on measuring the rate of dissolved oxygen consumption the following averaged values of the kinetic constants of the biological treatment processes were established for wastewater after preliminary coagulation: the maximum rate of oxygen consumption at a sludge concentration ai → 0 ρ`max = 44.8 mg/(g·h) in terms of a temperature of 20°С; Michaelis constant Km = 77.5 mg/l; coefficient of inhibition by metabolic products φ=0.265; temperature constant χ = 0.08°С–1; optimal pH value 7.8 and pH constant 80. During the experiments with raw wastewater, the following average values of the constants were determined: the maximum rate of oxygen consumption at 20°С and ai → 0 ρ`max = 26.5 mg/(g·h); Michaelis constant Km = 50.6 mg/l; coefficient of inhibition by metabolic products φ=0.065; temperature constant χ = 0.1°С–1; pHopt 7.8 and KрН = 170. The obtained values of kinetic constants and coefficients can be used in the calculation of biological wastewater treatment facilities of an egg processing enterprise.

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№05|2023

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

UDC 628.35
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.05.05

Stepanov S. V., Avdeenkov Pavel, Ponomarenko Ol’ga, MOROZOVA K. M.

Optimization and technical and economic evaluation of the process flow schemes of wastewater treatment of a plant for chicken egg advanced processing

Summary

The results of searching for the optimal process scheme for wastewater treatment of an enterprise for advanced processing of chicken eggs are presented. The optimization was carried out in terms of the life cycle cost (LCC) for a period of 25 years operation for the newly built treatment facilities with a capacity of 600 m3/day. The considered options include mechanical, one- and two-stage aerobic biological treatment in a membrane bioreactor with nitri-denitrification, with primary chemical pressure flotation with different doses of coagulant and without flotation. Process design was made on the basis of experimentally determined technological and kinetic parameters. The economic feasibility of primary physical and chemical purification was proved, and what is more, the most cost-effective was the treatment with Aqua-Aurat™-14 coagulant trademark with a dose of 125 mg/l as Al2O3, corresponding to the highest efficiency of physical and chemical purification. Retrofitting chemical flotation into the process flow scheme provided for reducing LCC by 7.7%. It is shown that with the availability of physical and chemical treatment dividing biological treatment into two stages virtually produces no economic effect on LCC. Taking into account the lowest energy consumption and the size of the structures the most useful option turned out to be the one with primary physical and chemical treatment and single-stage aeration tanks. The cost of wastewater treatment in this case was 99.66 RUB/m3, or 18.62 RUB/kg BODtot. For all the considered options in the LCC structure, the capital costs had the highest value – 22.2–27.9%, the payroll fund – 17.3–19.2%, equipment replacement – 17.4–19%.

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