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UDC 628.3
Kalmykov A. A.
The use of energy efficient technologies of wastewater treatment: ways of solution and implementation problems
(to be discussed)
Summary
Currently in different Russian cities in the process of operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities designed and constructed in 1970-ies the problems often arise that are typical for many water and wastewater utilities in Russia. Ways of solving these problems in the process of upgrade are also typical and represent a package of measures that should be implemented on a branch basis. The potential of the advanced equipment and technologies that provide for improving the efficiency of the treatment facilities operation at significant energy saving as well as for solving the problems of upgrading treatment facilities under the conditions of tariff regulation and lack of competent professionals is presented.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , energy efficiency , tariff regulation , equipment wearing
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UDC 628.356.1:621.61
Bitiev A. V., Basov N. S., Novikov S. N., Smolenskii A. V., Ustiuzhanin A. V., Bazhenov V. I.
Predicting energy-efficient effect of the controlled air delivery
at the Novo-Liuberetskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Summary
Стратегия развития АО «Мосводоканал» предусматривает
The corporate strategy of «Mosvodokanal» JSC envisages the systematic practical application of energy-efficient solutions substantiated by the method of mathematical prediction of the energy-efficient effect of the controlled air delivery at the air blower house of Block No. 1 of the Novo-Liuberetskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Moscow. The controlled air delivery to the aeration tanks for the biological wastewater treatment processes has been proposed as a key and cost effective method of energy conservation. The energy-efficient effect was determined by comparing the resultant energy consumption of two states of the predictable air deliver system – the basic state without control and controlled one. In the process of data and measurement method generation the calibrated metering devices of the operating SCADA system and data of the certified laboratory were used. The experimental survey of the air blower house with N750-23-6 units was carried out. The average decrease of air delivery resulting from the equipment deterioration for the 35 years’ operating period was 5.8–10.4%; the operation pressure decrease was 40.7–5.4%. The isoentropic coefficient of performance of N750-23-6 units was 75% at 79% rating. The method of predicting the energy-efficient effect including the mathematical model of energy input is considered. The model provided for 1.27% average ratio error at the verification against the actual environment of the operating object. The mathematical prediction of the energy-efficient effect revealed 32.5% or 11,343.97 thousand kWh/year reserve or 30,061.52 thousand ruble/year (VAT excluded) savings. Adjustable blade control of the air blowers was chosen as the technical basis of the energy efficiency. The study results formed the basis for the energy service contract.
Key words
energy efficiency , control arrangements , sewerage treatment facilities , simulation modeling , air-blowing house , rotary blade regulation , energy service contract , energy-efficient effect
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.04.07
UDC 628.14:621.646.43
Rozhnov Evgenii
Sustainable use of free head
Summary
The linear remoteness of the water facilities in the city of Novokuznetsk reaches 40 km with a difference in elevations of 157 m. The two main water intakes of the city are located at the distance of 20 km from each other, which suggests the availability of zones with different free head. Pressure control and water distribution among the districts was traditionally carried out by throttling shutoff valves, and 119 pumping stations with pumps of 0.75–1250 kW capacity were operating in the initial water supply scheme. Based on the analysis of possible solutions to the problem, proposals were made for the installation of pressure reducing valves, an installation diagram was developed, and the operating modes of the new system were determined. The installation of regulators throughout the city was carried out in two stages. In 2016, as a result of the installation of 7 regulators, 13 booster pumping stations with a total energy consumption of more than 150 kW were phased out; at the second stage in 2017, 12 more regulators were installed and 8 more pumping stations with a total energy consumption of 40 kW were put out of operation; and 5 pumping stations were upgraded with pump replacement for lower capacity. The project payback period was 4 years.
Key words
water supply system , energy efficiency , pumping station , pressure regulator , adjustment of distribution networks
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UDC 628.356.14
Egorova Yu. A., Bazhenov V. I., Ustiuzhanin A. V., Rakitskii D. S., Levin D. I., Gordeev S. A., Nagornyi S. L., Petrov V. I.
Control valves in controlled pneumatic aeration processes
Summary
Through the 2013–2019 program of the Ministry of Energy and Public Utilities of the Samara Area «Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy» Company has developed and has been successfully implementing the project of upgrading the municipal wastewater treatment facilities. In order to improve the energy efficiency retrofitting the systems of aeration and air distribution, equipping with compressors with controlled air supply to the aeration tanks within 45–100% range is envisaged. The general concept of control has been substantiated that includes complex level of process control and a two-loop automation scheme «aeration tank gate valve control – air blower group». The method of selecting control valves for the air supply control system for pneumatic wastewater aeration has been developed and substantiated. The method is based on the dependence of compressed media flow through the control valve stated in IEC 60534-2-1 International Standard. Under full-scale conditions with the use of precision equipment the flow characteristics of IRIS (DN300) control valve manufactured by Egger were studied. The average percentage error of the method was 6.79%. The method error does not matter much for the automated control since PID-control provides for supplying the required air amount according to the condition of compliance to О2, NH4 set values and current measurements of the supplied air amount. The classification of control valves is presented based on the type of the dependence of Kv/Kvs valve capacity coefficients from the rate of valve opening. Technological modes were identified: comparison of the theoretical and experimental flow characteristics of the control valve, pressure difference at the control valve, pressure difference in the «control valve – aerators» system, aerial environment temperature before the valve. The suggested method of the control valve calculation is a part of the «Energy efficiency of the controlled air supply to the aeration tanks» comprehensive mathematical model.
Key words
energy efficiency , automated control system , membrane aerator , wastewater treatment facilities , pneumatic aeration system , control valves , flow coefficient , diaphragm gate valve
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UDC 504.062.4
Kuz'mina L. V.
Comprehensive approach of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to tackling the environmental problems
Summary
The challenge of any vodokanal is not only delivering qualitative water and wastewater services to the customers but also reducing the negative impact on the environment. Saint-Petersburg has been the biggest megacity on the coast of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea; therefore SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» assumes a special responsibility for the Baltic Sea basin conservation, for the ecological state of the entire Baltics. Setting the activities of the enterprise the management of Vodokanal is striving to ensure ecological risk management and gradually reduce the environmental impact. The comprehensive approach of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to ecological risk management is described. The role of the enterprise in the activities on improving the ecological state of the megacity and the entire Baltic Sea region is explained. Alongside with implementing the measures on reducing the negative impact on the water bodies Vodokanal runs campaigns contributing to the rehabilitation of the Gulf of Finland and restoration of the Baltics biological resources.
Key words
energy efficiency , ecological management system , environmental education , environment , energy management system , environmental risks , environmental and resource-saving technologies , reduction of the negative impact
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UDC 628.292:65.011.4
Bitiev A. V., Rybakov R., Temnyi D.
Comparative assessment of the estimated and actual energy consumption of sewage pumping stations
Summary
The introduction of energy-efficient solutions, systems for the technological process automation and seasonal fluctuations in the wastewater flow directly affect the operation of power supply systems for sewage pumping stations, of them pumping units being the main consumers. Changing the operating mode of pumping units has the greatest impact on the amount of energy consumption of pumping stations. Most of the existing methods for calculating the power consumption of industrial facilities were developed in the 1990s, hence the most important reference values of the use and demand factors have remained unchanged since their development. Comparison of actual and design data of energy consumption of operating pumping stations is given. The difference between the actual and design values of electrical energy consumption indicates the need to improve the existing calculation methods. Estimated methods for calculating energy consumption based on the process characteristics of pumping stations were formulated and tested, the results of which showed the closest value to the actual energy consumption of sewage pumping stations.
Keywords
sewerage pumping station , energy efficiency , energy data analysis , method of calculating the energy consumption
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UDC 628.35:661.5
Gogina Elena, Gul’shin I. A.
Nitrogen removal in a circulation oxidation ditch model
under the conditions of lowered concentration of organics in wastewater
Summary
The summarized results of the third stage of an integrated study of energy efficient processes of wastewater treatment in circulation oxidation ditches are presented. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory model of a circulation oxidation ditch with horizontal directional flow of mixed liquor. The impact of low concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bioreactor volume (at 0.5 mg/l level) and low concentration of organic pollutants in the incoming model wastewater on the treatment efficiency and biomass stability was studied. The highest efficiency of total nitrogen removal was reached at the specific organics load on activated sludge (BOD) R = 0.07 g/(g∙day), average dissolved oxygen concentration 0.5 mg/l and 7.5 hours aeration time. At that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the effluent was about 0.6 mg/l; the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was 9.6 mg/l. The operation of the bioreactor at lowered dissolved oxygen concentrations resulted in partial biomass bulking. The sedimentation properties of activated sludge changed; however stayed at satisfactory level.
Key words
wastewater , nitrification , energy efficiency , activated sludge , denitrification , circulation oxidation ditch , biological removal of nitrogen
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UDC 628.1/.2:621.65
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.02.04
Kosteuk Aleksandr, Sokolov Sergei
Consideration of the load profile while sizing the pump
Summary
The efficiency of pumping equipment is a priority for water supply providers. The main condition for the efficient operation of pumps is the correct choice of pump parameters and methods of their control in accordance with the requirements of the system. A specific feature of water supply systems is a wide variety of operating modes both within 24 hours and projected for several years. A practical example shows the need to take into account the actual and prospective modes of operating a pumping station while selecting the sizes of pumping units. An analysis of the operating modes of pumps of different sizes and control methods is given. Specific and total energy consumption was used as a criterion for estimating the best option. This provides for the efficient and reliable operation of pumping equipment throughout the entire life cycle.
Key words
pump , energy efficiency , pumping station , import substitution , operating mode , load profile
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UDC 628.3:658.26.004.18
Danilovich Dmitrii
Energy conservation and alternative power sources at the wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
Methods of improving power efficiency of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities and heat and electrical power generation with the use of renewable power resource of wastewater. The analysis of power conservation and generation in water supply and wastewater management shows that depending on the technical solutions applied the total balance of power consumption at the water and wastewater facilities can vary from the net electrical energy consumption of 4 MW per 100 000 m3 of wastewater/day to positive balance of 7,5–8 MW (owing to 16 MW power generated including 1 MW of electrical energy). The power consumption of two independent municipal wastewater treatment plants can differ more than 6 times.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , sludge , energy efficiency , electric power , power consumption , biogas , water supply-sewerage services , heat pumps
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UDC 628.356.1:621.61
Rakitskii D. S., Egorova Yu. A., Levin D. I., Gordeev S. A., Nagornyi S. L., Bazhenov V. I., Petrov V. I., Ustiuzhanin A. V.
Energy-efficient principle of upgrading the air blower house at the Samara municipal wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
As a key and economically advantageous measure on energy efficiency and investment return in the field of wastewater disposal «Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy» Company approves the processes of air supply regulation at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities. A big complex of the air blower house has been designed and successfully implemented by improving the typical design projects for the RF conditions developed by SoiuzvodokanalNIIproject Institute for the estimated supply of 132 144 Nm3/h. The specific features of building and assembly works when installing 15 ton units under the conditions of the limited capacity of the hoisting equipment (9 tons) are set. The mechanical rotary blade principle of fan regulation was adopted as a basis of the energy saving solution. At the first implementation stage under the conditions of the lack of an operating automated process control system 26.1% reduction of the specific power consumption was recorded at the average specific power consumption of 22.39 kW/1000 Nm3. The engineering design reflects possible 45–100% regulation of air supply to the aeration tanks as well as its relation to the consumed power of 1273.2–2674.2 kW (for 20 °C input temperature, 50% relative humidity). Two-loop scheme of the automated control system for «aeration tank gate valve control unit – blower unit group» is presented. The analysis of the fan testing at the manufacturer’s factory is given. The parameters of regulating centrifugal air blowers by two control actions: of regulated diffuser at the outlet and inlet guide vane unit are presented. The mathematical method of recalculating the characteristics of air blowers with the use of the «degree of control» basic concept was developed and experimentally verified. The use of the method proves the wide range of the running characteristics of regulated units for all the year seasons, the mode of combined operation of one non-regulated and three regulated air blower units for the experimental work period.
Key words
reconstruction , energy efficiency , simulation modeling , air-blowing house , wastewater treatment facilities , rotary blade regulation
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