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UDC 628.31:502.1
Bagaev Iurii, Gundyreva Tat’iana, Shipulin Roman
Specific features of the transition to the process regulation of public wastewater disposal systems
Summary
The results of the analysis of proposed laws and regulations in furtherance of the legislation on process regulation of public wastewater disposal systems are presented. Pros and cons of the new regulation system are considered. The necessity of revising the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in effluent discharged into a water body is substantiated. The problem of excessive environmental requirements to effluent discharges that had been in power for many years in the country did not lose relevance in 2019. Permissible concentrations of substances discharged into water bodies remained on average two times tighter than in European countries. The purpose of the work was to substantiate proposals for amending approved and developing regulatory legal acts. To achieve this goal domestic and European legislation related to the process regulation was analyzed and compared. The existing system of dividing water bodies into categories is unnecessarily complicated and has an obvious imbalance (up to 95%) towards fisheries and standards; therefore it is proposed to approve three categories of water bodies to establish standards for the discharge of effluents from public wastewater disposal systems: premium fisheries category, primary fisheries category, public household category with evaluation criteria according to the existing methodology.
Key words
best available techniques , technological rate setting , public wastewater disposal systems , standard for discharge into a water body , water body categories
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UDC 628.31
Pokhil Yu. N., Pupyrev E. I., Bagaev Iurii, Bivalkevich A. I.
The specific features of introducing the principle of best available technologies in municipal wastewater treatment
Summary
The aspects of implementing the principle of best available technologies in municipal wastewater treatment are considered. The analysis of the techniques of determining the permissible concentrations of pollutants discharged into the water bodies is presented. The classification of typical technologies of municipal wastewater treatment is given. Based on the summary data on the best available technologies the levels of basic pollutants removal from municipal wastewater are presented. The priority of introducing process-oriented regulatory actions for public utilities in 2012 is pointed out. The quality parameters of effluents discharged into the water bodies with account of their condition are suggested as technically achievable and sufficient for being observed environmental standards.
Key words
pollutants , best available techniques , technological rate setting , municipal wastewater , temporary agreed discharge
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UDC 006.3:628.3:504.069
Danilovich Dmitrii, Budnitskii D., Novikov A.
Switch over to the technologic regulation of effluent discharges from municipal wastewater treatment facilities: ten years track record and recommendations after the adoption of the complete package of regulatory legal acts
Summary
On behalf of the participants in the process, a description of the concept of technological regulation of wastewater discharges from settlements, the development and adoption of legislative acts for the switch over to the new system is given. The paper dwells upon the adoption of the final regulatory legal act (Government Decree of September 2020 No. 1430), completing the development of a legislative framework designed to put an end on the use of fishery maximum permissible concentrations as wastewater discharge standards. Explanations are given on the relationship between the status of the provisions of the updated information and technical reference book ITS 10-2015 and the specified resolution in different applications. Recommendations are given for municipal wastewater treatment facilities and engineering companies on priority actions in the preparation and drawing up of applications for integrated environmental permits and design specifications and estimates according to the new regulations. Attention is drawn to the fact that switching over to a new regulation system requires assigning a category to a water body (performed by Rosvodresursy); otherwise the application of the process parameters established by the Government of the Russian Federation is impossible. The specific features of designing treatment facilities in the new regulation system are noted.
Keywords
treatment facilities , wastewater , best available techniques , legislation , discharge regulation , technological indicators , public sanitation systems of settlements , information and technical reference book ITS 10 , water body category
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UDC 628.1
Shushkevich E. V., Bastrykin R. I., Aleshina E. V., Babaev A. V., Shotina K. V., Priven E. M.
Prospects of the Moscow public water supply long-term development with account for the newly-annexed territories
Summary
The results of developing the water supply schemes of Moscow including the newly-annexed territories of the Troitsk and Novomoskovsk administrative districts for the period to 2025 and with account for the RF legislation amendments of 2015 and the data on the update of the Moscow Master Plan are presented. At that the following measures were planned: acquisition and analysis of data from about 60 institutions of Moscow, the Troitsk and Novomoskovsk administrative districts; complete communication to the schemes of water and heat supply; processing big volumes of technologic, technical and economic information; record of the results of hydraulic modeling of water supply and wastewater management. The water supply schemes for the period to 2025 included the upgrade of the water supply systems of the Troitsk and Novomoskovsk administrative districts by several areas, namely: extension of the drinking water supply area from the West Water Treatment Plant; construction of large-scale regulation waterworks; construction of 600–1000 mm diameter water mains; upgrade of water intake facilities that abstract water from artesian wells; reconstruction of the water distribution network. The perspective measures on the construction and upgrade of the water treatment facilities on the basis of the analysis of the technical and economic state of the public cold water supply systems were determined and developed with account for the urban planning documentation of Moscow.
Key words
best available techniques , potable water quality , centralized water supply system , water supply scheme , construction and upgrade of water treatment facilities , water treatment facilities operations efficiency
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UDC 628.3.504.05.69(083.75)
Danilovich Dmitrii, Dovlatova E. V.
Suggestions to a New Law in Draft Regulating Ecological Aspects of Settlements’ Water Disposal
Summary
The system of setting of output rates for discharge of wastewater treated and payments for discharge of pollutants from treatment facilities of settlements operating now in the Russian Federation is in need of radical reformation. After the example of EC it is proposed to develop and adopt a separate law about municipal wastewater based on a step-by-step achievement of indexes using the best accessible techniques. The discharge of wastewater from potentially dangerous industrial enterprises, into municipal sewerage systems including, must be regulated separately on the basis of the system of complex permissions.
Key words
water disposal from settlements , wastewater discharge , pollutants , maximum permissible concentration , system of standards , best available techniques
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UDC 628.166
Pokhil Yu. N., Novoshintsev V. N., Kamaletdinov A. R., Kostyuchenko S. V., Tkachev Andrei, SMIRNOV A. D.
Use of UV-disinfection in water supply and wastewater disposal systems of Novosibirsk
Summary
Vodokanal of the city of Novosibirsk has been one of the first water and wastewater utilities in large Russian cities to completely switch to the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater with ultraviolet irradiation. Advanced multi-barrier technologies for the preparation of drinking water (combined use of UV disinfection and chlorination) provided for obtaining safe drinking water of high quality. UV units introduced at the pumping-filtration stations (PFS-1 and PFS-5) of the city provide for the reliable disinfection of filtered purified water up to the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01-01, perform a barrier role against pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature. UV equipment installed at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities with a total capacity of 600 thousand m3/day ensures the required degree of disinfection in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 (radiation dose not less than 40 mJ/cm2). The UV-disinfection station built on the basis of tray-type vertical type equipment manufactured by «LIT» SPA is installed in three concrete flow channels. To improve the energy efficiency of the UV disinfection station operating under the conditions of uneven incoming wastewater flow during the day a system for the UV irradiation rate control by signals from an external flow meter and a tau meter measuring the UV transmittance was retrofitted. Ultraviolet disinfection of effluent does not affect the Ob River. Used for several years UV disinfection of wastewater and up to now is the best available technology.
Key words
potable water , chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , best available techniques , multi-barrier technologies
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UDC 628.35
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.04.07
Bagaev Iurii, Kharkina O. V., Krasavin Grigorii, Gundyreva Tat’iana
Development of basic process solutions for the reconstruction
of wastewater treatment facilities in Novosibirsk
Summary
An example of process solutions for the reconstruction of existing wastewater treatment plants using increased concentration of activated sludge and acidification of primary sludge is given. It has been shown that achieving the required effluent quality (N–NH4 = 1 mg/l, N–NO3 = 9 mg/l, N–NO2 = 0.1 mg/l, Р–РО4 = 0.7 mg/l) during the reconstruction of the facilities, the implementation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes in existing aeration tanks, with the actual flow of incoming wastewater, is possible by increasing the concentration of activated sludge in the aeration tanks to 5.2 g/l, which requires the installation of tertiary treatment filters downstream sludge separation in the secondary settling tanks. The use of tertiary treatment facilities to remove suspended solids is determined in comparison with a more expensive construction of an additional biological treatment unit operating with medium doses of activated sludge. It is shown that the information and technical reference book ITS 10-2019 being a recommendation and not a mandatory document, allows for the use of filtration structures for effluent discharge into category B water bodies. The issues of the responsibility of the designers of basic process solutions for achieving the required effluent quality during the implementation of the project are considered for two cases: first – the main process solutions and the project is developed by one company; second – the main process solutions and the project are developed by different companies.
Key words
wastewater treatment , designing , best available techniques , biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , acidification , public wastewater disposal system , aeration tanks , reconstruction of wastewater treatment facilities
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UDC 504.064:551.577.21
Stepanov Mikhail, Primin Oleg, Vereshchagina Lidiia, SHVETSOV V. N.
Development of the Regional program of protecting Moscow water bodies from pollution with surface runoff
Summary
The description of the Moscow system of surface runoff disposal and treatment characterized by the extensive use of the urban hydrographical system as elements of the drainage network is presented. Nowadays the system is positioned as «urban collector-river drainage system» that encompasses up to 90% of the Moscow territory within its old boundaries. It is noted that surface runoff from the developed areas, properly collected and diffused, is a main source of technogenic pollution and degradation of the water bodies in Moscow in the city area. Under current conditions improving their ecological state is possible only by the implementation of measures on reducing the anthropogenic impact on the water bodies and their catchment basins; eliminating the accumulated environmental damage; restoring the self-purification capacity and protecting underground water from pollution. To perform these tasks the Regional program of protecting the Moscow water bodies from surface runoff pollution basing on the principles of regulating the discharge of pollutants on the basis of the best available techniques of wastewater treatment is proposed. In the process of developing the Regional program together with the information-technical reference book ITS 10-2015 «Wastewater treatment with the use of public wastewater disposal systems of settlements, urban districts» a number of governmental bylaws developed and adopted in furtherance of the provisions of Federal Laws No. 219-FZ and No. 416-FZ should be also taken into account.
и № 416-ФЗ.
Key words
best available techniques , surface runoff , environmental damage , anthropogenous impact , surface runoff collection and treatment , regional program
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UDC 628.3
Smirnov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Advanced engineering and experience of BAT implementation
Summary
The use of the Information-Technical Guidebook on the best available techniques «Wastewater treatment in public wastewater disposal systems of communities, urban districts» (ITS 10-2015) provides for only a general idea of the catalogue of technologies that have to be applied in order to ensure high efficiency of wastewater treatment. The choice and substantiation of a particular technology are carried out on the basis of the operation experience and comprehensive project engineering. Case studies of using «MY Technologies» that are ready-made technical solutions of mechanical («MY MET») and biological («MY BIO») wastewater treatment for the wastewater treatment facilities in Sochi, Vologda, Kolomna are presented.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , mechanical treatment , best available techniques , primary treatment , fine purification , «MY Technologies» , «MY MET» , «MY BIO»
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UDC 628.15:504.054
Danilovich Dmitrii, Dovlatova E. V.
State of the system of regulating discharges of pollutants and improvement of water body protection mechanisms
Summary
The analysis of the existing Russian system that regulates pollutant discharges (in particular, draft bill No. 584587-5) and charges, study of the similar international experience allowed making a conclusion on the necessity of cardinal changing the fundamentals of the legislation in this area. Most essential problems are as follows: «zero impact» principle; disregard of the criterion of technical achievability of the established requirements; the system of «permissible discharge rates (PDR) – limits»; reference nature of the legislation and practically total lack of the directly applicable standards; entirely individual requirements to the water users in the absence of general standards; complicated and labor intensive development of PDRs; multistage and expensive system of obtaining approvals and permits; the tendency of simplifying legal acts that results in unsolvable questions and gaps in their application; «end-of-the-pipe» model of tackling environmental problems; disregarding the difference between discharges by public utilities and industrial enterprises – water users; the lack of pollutant differentiation both by origin and the rate of environmental hazard. Despite the severity and complexity of the regulating system the state has practically distanced itself from the actual liability for improving environmental conditions. The major drawbacks of the mechanism of charging for pollutant discharges are as follows: the lack of legislative control; charging for any amount and any concentration of substances including the amounts that do not impact the permissible quality parameters; complementary dependence on the availability or lack of PDR and limits; inability of paying for discharges above PDR from cost of production; unreasonably large lists of discharged substances subject to charging; non-charging for the complex pollution indices (except BOD); the lack of incentive role in relation to many pollutants; the existence of potential double charge for one and the same discharge called compensation of damage to water bodies caused by the violation of the water law. The conclusion is drawn that the existing system of regulations and charges is not only useless, but also injures greatly the actual activities on rehabilitation of water bodies; and that integrated reforming the environmental legislation is needed.
Key words
wastewater , best available techniques , environmental legislation , regulation of pollutant discharges
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UDC 628.35:665.666.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.07.02
Agarev Anton, Kevbrina M. V., Gavrilov Dmitrii, Belov N. A., Zharkov A. V.
Process solutions to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment with a low concentration of organic matter
Summary
Through the example of the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities, the ways of improving the efficiency of treatment of low-concentrated wastewater in terms of organic matter are considered: the acidification of raw sludge, addition of an external organic substrate, use of technologies independent of the concentration of organic substances. In the presence of refluxes containing nitrogen and phosphorus, the use of organic matter-independent technologies is promising to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus load on the main biological treatment line. Process solutions that improve the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low-concentrated wastewater in terms of organic matter at the Liuberetsky and Kurianovsky treatment facilities are as follows: acidification of raw sludge to increase the concentration of readily available organic matter; local treatment of refluxes from the sludge treatment facilities to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus load on the biological treatment using the Anammox process and obtaining a mineral fertilizer – struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate). At the small-scale wastewater treatment facilities of New Moscow, the addition of yeast condensate as an additional organic matter provides for increasing the BOD5/Ntotal ratio from 3.2 to 4.3, which under these conditions is sufficient for the successful denitrification and biological dephosphorization processes. This made it possible to ensure the standard level of removing nitrogen of nitrates and phosphorus of phosphates and, as a result, reduce the consumption of the chemical (ferric chloride).
Key words
wastewater treatment , removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , best available techniques , return flows , nutrients removal , struvite , Anammox technology , low concentration of organics in wastewater
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UDC 628.3.504.05.69(083.75)
Pupyrev E. I., Bagaev Iurii, Bivalkevich A. I.
Accelerated Movement to Technological Standardization
Summary
A list of the basic methods included in the Register of the best available technologies used in the systems of communal water disposal for wastewater treatment as well as the results achieved by using them are presented. It is proposed to speed up the edition of the integrated information-technical reference book and the development of the Regulations of introduction of the best available technologies endorsed by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation. Technologies should be selected depending on concrete conditions of water use on the basis of analysis of the ecological state of a water object in the area of wastewater discharge. Principles of the selection of the best available technologies of urban wastewater depending on the ecological situation are summarized.
Key words
best available techniques , water object , maximum allowable concentrations , standardization , wastewater discharge
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UDC 504.75.06:628.31
Pupyrev E. I., Shelomkov A. S.
Economic assessment of environmentally safe wastewater treatment technologies
Summary
In the competitive environment in Russia customers and investors shall take into account economic factors when designing municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Cost-effective and environmentally efficient wastewater treatment technologies are determined with account of regional specific features when siting the treatment facilities. Three representative groups of settlements are specified: rural (less than 20 thousand residents), towns (50-100 thousand residents), cities and megacities. The characteristics of municipal wastewater typical for every group are presented. Wastewater of rural settlements contains high concentrations of suspended solids and nutrients. Effluents of towns and cities contain heavy metals resulting as a rule from raw industrial wastewater discharges. The requirements to the effluent quality of typical settlements are presented. For every group of settlements the environmentally acceptable treatment technologies are suggested and economically substantiated. The following wastewater treatment technologies have been analyzed: full aerobic biological treatment; advanced biological treatment with nutrients removal (nitrogen, phosphorus); advanced biological treatment with nutrients removal (nitrogen, phosphorus) with tertiary treatment at filtration facilities and sorption filters. The suggested approach to the selection of a wastewater treatment technology with account of the economic and environmental conditions can be used in designing other systems of ecological purpose.
Key words
biological treatment , best available techniques , ecological safety , biogenic elements , municipal wastewater , economic assessment
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