DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.01.06
UDC 628.166
Ponomarenko A. M., Vlasov Dmitrii, Basov N. S., Novikov S. N., Koudryavtsev N. N., Kostyuchenko S. V.
Experience in introducing UV disinfection of effluents at operating extremely large-scale treatment facilities
Summary
The experience of Mosvodokanal JSC in introducing the technology of effluent disinfection is presented. The paper describes the problem, typical for the Moscow treatment facilities, of ensuring the effluent disinfection in line with the regulatory requirements. The results of long-term experimental-industrial and pilot tests for the UV-disinfection of wastewater after biological treatment carried out at the Kurianovskie wastewater treatment facilities using domestic UV equipment, revealed the high efficiency and stability of disinfection up to the standard requirements under conditions of actual fluctuations in the physical and chemical indicators of wastewater quality. The high efficiency of UV disinfection in relation to specific microorganisms, resistant to chlorination, such as viruses, coliphages, protozoan cysts, has been established. The tests carried out provided for evaluating the effectiveness of UV disinfection and developing a concept for the application of UV disinfection at the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities.
Key words
disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , viruses , toxicity , UV-plant , operation experience
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UDC 628.162.84.004.1
Sivolov G. E., Karmalov A. I., Medrish G. L., Piskov M. V., Panchuk S. A., Zorin A. P.
Experience in Operation and Enhancement of Water Disinfection System with the Use of Sodium Hypochlorite
Summary
Over ten years ago at the water treatment facilities of the city of Seversk the operation of the disinfection system with the use of liquid chlorine was converted to the use of sodium hypochlorite. At present the modernization of equipment due to the application of aerohydrodynamic mixers was made, the processes of mixing the reagent with water being treated were intensified, the operation of reagent facilities was completely automated including the dosing of sodium hypochlorite proportional to water flowrate.
Key words
disinfection , filter , sodium hypochlorite , water treatment , computerization , aerohydrodynamic mixer
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UDC 628.17.001.4
Kostyuchenko S. V., Khrenov K. E., Khramenkov S. V., Filatov N. N., Glinik A. I., Kvalvasser A. I., Koudryavtsev N. N., Zhoukov V. I., Petrova O. N., Parilov P. S.
The experience of UV equipment operation at the Lyubertsy Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Moscow
Summary
The experience of the ultraviolet equipment operation for effluent disinfection at the Lyubersty wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow is presented. The modular design of UV equipment provided for establishing large-scale facilities with minimum footprint for UV-disinfection of municipal effluents (1–3 million m3/day capacity and higher). The high performance is ensured by the unique UV-modules with specially designed superpower bactericidal low pressure lamps supplemented by numerous systems of monitoring, control and energy saving. Equipping the entire wastewater treatment facilities with UV disinfection modules will ensure significant improvement of the environmental and sanitation-and-epidemiological conditions of the Moskva and Pekhorka Rivers.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , sewerage treatment facilities , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety
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UDC 628.2/.3:006.057
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.03
Danilovich Dmitrii, Frog Dmitrii, Vereshchagina Lidiia
The main revisions proposed in Amendment No. 3 to CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. External networks and structures»
Summary
The main revisions CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. External networks and structures» proposed in Amendment No. 3, developed by the Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences in 2023 are described. The following concepts were introduced: basic technical solutions and requirements for their development, industrial storm sewer systems at industrial enterprises and requirements for their design. The requirements to the existing wastewater disposal systems have been clarified. The revised and extended requirements have been established for the use of one- and two-stage wastewater screening, acidification of primary sludge, biological wastewater treatment methods, UV disinfection of effluents, stabilization and disinfection of wastewater sludge, thermal drying and thermal utilization of sludge. Requirements to the disposal of wastewater sludge have been simplified.
Key words
disinfection , wastewater treatment , sewerage , water disposal , set of rules , sludge treatment , pollutants , estimated flow
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UDC 628.162
Getmantsev S. V., Linevich S. N.
Treatment and Disinfection of the Don’s Water at Contact Filters Using the Coagulant SKIF™180of the Latest Generation
SUMMARY
The high efficient compact flowchart of treatment and disinfection of the Don’s water has been developed on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies carried out. In the process, mixers, coagulation chambers and sludge blanket clarifiers or settling tanks are eliminated from the scheme. The use of the method of contact coagulation with the high effective coagulant of SKIF™180 mark makes it possible to reduce reagent consumption by 65–70%, to exclude the necessity of primary disinfection of water with chlorine or reduce chlorine consumption to minimum, to ensure aluminum residual in water within the limits of MPC, to stabilize conditions of water treatment and reduce considerably the cost of water treatment.
Key words
potable water , disinfection , turbidity , chromaticity , coagulation , flocculation , water treatment station , contact filter
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UDC 628.166.085
Volkov Sergei, Tkachev Andrei, Piskareva V. M.
The use of ultraviolet irradiation as a part of multibarrier disinfection schemes
Summary
In order to ensure reliable disinfection of drinking water in relation to viruses, protozoa and other pathogenic organisms resistant to chemical methods, i. e. to prevent waterborne diseases increasing the dosages of chemicals – chlorine or chlorine-containing substances is needed. However at that, chlorination by-products including trihalomethane are formed. The use of multibarrier disinfection schemes is one of the most actual solutions in drinking water purification that provides for the high efficiency at significant reduction of unfavorable side-effects. One of the prevailing multibarrier technologies of drinking water disinfection is the combined use of ultraviolet irradiation and chlorination. Ultraviolet irradiation has become one of the basic technologies of multibarrier schemes. The experience of using UV-irradiation in combination with different chemicals at the water treatment facilities in Russian and foreign cities – Nizhny Novgorod, Budapest, Vienna is described. Retrofitting advanced multibarrier schemes of purification and disinfection of surface water will provide for improving significantly the sanitary and epidemiologic protection of the population and improving drinking water quality.
Key words
potable water , chlorination , disinfection , ultra-violet irradiation , multibarrier technology , trihalomethane
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UDC 628.166
Pokhil Yu. N., Novoshintsev V. N., Kamaletdinov A. R., Kostyuchenko S. V., Tkachev Andrei, SMIRNOV A. D.
Use of UV-disinfection in water supply and wastewater disposal systems of Novosibirsk
Summary
Vodokanal of the city of Novosibirsk has been one of the first water and wastewater utilities in large Russian cities to completely switch to the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater with ultraviolet irradiation. Advanced multi-barrier technologies for the preparation of drinking water (combined use of UV disinfection and chlorination) provided for obtaining safe drinking water of high quality. UV units introduced at the pumping-filtration stations (PFS-1 and PFS-5) of the city provide for the reliable disinfection of filtered purified water up to the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01-01, perform a barrier role against pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature. UV equipment installed at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities with a total capacity of 600 thousand m3/day ensures the required degree of disinfection in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 (radiation dose not less than 40 mJ/cm2). The UV-disinfection station built on the basis of tray-type vertical type equipment manufactured by «LIT» SPA is installed in three concrete flow channels. To improve the energy efficiency of the UV disinfection station operating under the conditions of uneven incoming wastewater flow during the day a system for the UV irradiation rate control by signals from an external flow meter and a tau meter measuring the UV transmittance was retrofitted. Ultraviolet disinfection of effluent does not affect the Ob River. Used for several years UV disinfection of wastewater and up to now is the best available technology.
Key words
potable water , chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , best available techniques , multi-barrier technologies
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UDC 628.166.094.3
FESENKO L. N., Skryabin A. Yu., Breus S. A., Pchel'nikov I. V.
Field tests of drinking water disinfection by direct electrolysis
Summary
The results of studying direct electrolysis of natural underground water with the purpose of determining possible production of low concentration sodium hypochlorite for drinking water disinfection before supplying it to the residents of Grushevskaia village of the Aksaisk District, Rostov Area are presented. The use of natural surface or underground water as electrolyte provides for eliminating the stage of artificial chloride solution making; that will simplify the technology of disinfectant production at the point of application and reduce the operation expenses. The studies were carried out in a full-scale plant in two directions: determination of the optimal parameters of the flow-through electrolyzer; determination of the lifetime of electrodes. The results of the full-scale studies confirmed possible disinfection of chloride-containing natural water (chloride concentrations 200–233 mg/dm3) by direct electrolysis. The process parameters of the electrolyzer operation with underground fresh water were determined: current density; water flow to the electrolyzer (flow rate); the time of electrode operation as an anode and as a cathode. The optimal composition of electrode coating was determined: in ruthenium –iridium oxide coating the weight ratio of Ru to Ir was 20:80. The use of iridium in the coating effects the formation of active chlorine and the electrode lifetime. The presence of ruthenium in the oxide layer in 20:80 weight ratio to iridium increases the anode lifetime tenfold (up to 4000 hours) compared to the anode without iridium.
Key words
potable water , disinfection , water treatment , direct electrolysis , electrolyzer , low-concentrated sodium hypochlorite
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UDC 628.35
Iavtushenko Marina, Tarasova O. V., Rouzayev V. I., Belyaeva S. D., Bibyaev A. V., Belyaev M. A.
Commissioning the upgraded biological treatment plant at the Podolsk wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
The results of commissioning the upgraded biological treatment plant at the Podolsk wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The start up of the basic equipment, mixers and recycle pumps installed in anaerobic and anoxic zones; the secondary settler equipment; the new Korean NEUROS NХ-300 air blowers was carried out. The tertiary treatment unit washing regime during commissioning was defined. Commissioning of the UV-disinfection plant was carried out. The operational parameters of the treatment facilities were monitored by the automatic analyzers and sensors data; the laboratory control was carried out as well. Exceeding the incoming wastewater flow compared to the design value was noted; exceeding suspended solids and phosphate concentrations in the incoming wastewater was registered. However, despite the excess of the incoming wastewater flow and increased concentration of pollutants, the treatment facilities ensure advanced elimination of organic matter and nutrients.
Key words
disinfection , reconstruction , wastewater , dephosphatization , aftertreatment , biological treatment plant , nitri-denitrification , in-process control , active sludge dosage , dissolved oxygen
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UDC 574.58
Rublevskaya O. N., Pozdniakov Sh. R.
Tackling the problem of bacterial pollution of water bodies in St. Petersburg
Summary
The integrated waterway system «Lake Ladoga – the Neva River – the Gulf of Finland» has been the main water source, effluent receiving water body and the main recreation zone of St. Petersburg. SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» alongside with reducing nutrient load on the Baltic Sea has been tackling the problems of bacterial pollution of the Waterway system with the purpose of expanding the water use and recreation zones within the frames of Russia meeting the international commitments arising from the Helsinki Convention. Therefore the issues of sanitary and epidemiologic safety of the water bodies have been the most important for St. Petersburg. Beginning from 2011 Vodokanal has been carrying out annual control of the water quality in the Neva River from the headstream to the estuary. The purpose of this control is monitoring microbiological and chemical parameters as well as detecting the main pollution sources. The causes of bacterial pollution of the water bodies of St. Petersburg are considered. Implementing the programs of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» by 2022 will provide for the complete elimination of discharging raw wastewater from the direct outfalls into the Neva River and in future stop discharging nondisinfected effluents of the wastewater treatment facilities into the Neva River, Neva Bay and eastern part of the Gulf of Finland.
Key words
disinfection , wastewater , viruses , water object , bacterial pollution , microbiological quality parameters
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UDC 628.16.066.1
Strelkov A. K., Sopyryaev M. N., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G.
Development of Contact Clarification Technology for Low Turbid Water Treatment
Summary
The enhancement of a single-stage flow chart of treatment of low turbid water of the Saratov Reservoir (the Volga) in contact clarifiers at the treatment facilities of the city of Samara is considered. The experience of the operation of contact clarifiers in Samara under conditions of low turbid colour water treatment shows the high efficiency of water clarification and decolouration at simultaneous reduction of the cost of construction and operation of treatment facilities in comparison with the two-stage water treatment. The process of contact coagulation progresses faster than the usual coagulation in the free volume. A doze of coagulant at water clarification in contact clarifiers is smaller than in the course of two-stage treatment. The temperature of the water has almost no influence on the process of contact coagulation.
Key words
disinfection , surface water source , water supply plant , contact clarifier , loading material
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UDC 628.166.094.3
FESENKO L. N., Ignatenko S. I., Pchel'nikov I. V.
Improving the technology of sodium hypochlorite production by seawater electrolysis
Summary
An alternative method of low concentrated sodium hypochlorite production by seawater electrolysis in substitution for sodium hypochlorite produced by the traditional technology from table white salt solution is considered. The results of studying sodium hypochlorite production by electrolysis of the natural Black Sea water, model Black Sea water in comparison with 3% table white salt solution are presented. The effect of physical and chemical parameters of seawater electrolysis on the amount of generated active chlorine was experimentally investigated. The chemical composition and structure of cathodic deposits formed with time during the electrolysis of seawater, decarbonated seawater and 3% table white salt solution were determined. Comparative evaluation of corrosion and electrochemical characteristics of metal-oxide anode coatings (oxide ruthenium-titanium anodes and oxide iridium-ruthenium-titanium anodes) at seawater and 3% NaCl solution is presented. The expediency of producing sodium hypochlorite by seawater electrolysis was experimentally confirmed and the optimal process conditions were determined. The optimal composition of metal-oxide anode coatings used in low concentrated sodium hypochlorite by seawater electrolysis was determined. Based on the results of research and experimental studies the recommendations for the selection of process flow schemes of sodium hypochlorite production by seawater electrolysis in circulating and flow operation modes were prepared, and the sound fields of their application were justified. The technical and economic assessment of the recommended technology was carried out.
Key words
disinfection , sodium hypochlorite , electrolysis , sea water , gaseous chlorine , oxide ruthenium-titanium anode , iridium-ruthenium-titanium anode
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UDC 628.162/.163
Pavlov A. A., Dziminskas Ch. A., Kostyuchenko S. V., Zaytseva S. G.
Modern Technologies of Potable Water Preparation at the Sludinskaya Waterworks of Nizhny Novgorod
Summary
It is told about introduction, for the first time in Russia, of modern technologies of preparation of potable water at the Sludinskaya waterworks of Nizhny Novgorod: chlorammonization, ozonization, optimal system of coagulation, UV-disinfection that has allowed to optimize operational costs, to minimize negative by-effects and to provide high quality of potable water.
Key words:
potable water , water supply system , chlorination , ozonization , flocculants , disinfection , ultraviolet , chloramines
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UDC 628.166
Tkachev Andrei, Baranov V. L., Piskareva V. M.
Comparative assessment of the operating expenditures for wastewater disinfection with the use of chlorination and UV-technology
Summary
Protection of drinking water sources has been the most important comprehensive task. The state of the surface water bodies is determined to a large extent by wastewater flow in them that should be epidemiologically safe according to the RF legislation. The use of ultraviolet irradiation has been the most environmentally and economically efficient disinfection method. To provide for the assessment of the economic efficiency of UV-disinfection technology five operating wastewater treatment facilities of different capacity were considered. The comparison of the annual operating expenditures for chlorination (exclusively of the expenditures for dechlorination and charge for chlorine and chrloorganic compounds discharge) and UV-irradiation was carried out. The studies showed that operating UV-disinfection units were more cost-effective compared to operating chlorination units at the treatment facilities of different capacity.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , dechlorination , disinfection system operation , economic comparison
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UDC 628.31.085
Kostyuchenko S. V., Khrenov K. E., Khramenkov S. V., Streltsov S. A., Filatov N. N., Kvalvasser A. I., Koudryavtsev N. N., Volkov Sergei
The construction of the world biggest effluent disinfection facilities at the Kouryanovo wastewater treatment plant in Moscow
Summary
The drivers for choosing UV-radiation as a basic technology of effluent disinfection at the Kouryanovo and Lyubertsy wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The proven experience of UV-disinfection plant operating at the second line of the Novo-Lyubertsy wastewater treatment facilities gave rise to the next stage of introducing the given disinfection method at the Kouryanovo wastewater treatment facilities. In the course of designing it was decided to retrofit UV-disinfection plant into the existing elevation layout of the treatment facilities by using open-channel UV-plants with vertical lamp position. The specific features of the treatment facilities operation and the condition of the discharge canal also took into account.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , sewerage treatment facilities , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety
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UDC 628.162.52.001.2
Raff P. A., Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida
Technology of Contact Clarification of Water under Conditions of the Volga Water Intake of the City of Kazan
Summary
The results of laboratory studies and pilot tests of the contact coagulation method used to clean the water of the Volga at the water supply station of Kazan are presented. It is established that water clarification can be performed by a one-stage scheme: by means of contact coagulation, and in the process the quality of the purified water fully meets the regulatory requirements. Some advantage of aluminium oxychloride over aluminium sulphate is noted, and it is shown, that for natural water treatment the polyacrylamide flocculants of cationic type, FO 4140 characterised by low density of charge in particular, are the most effective.
Key words
disinfection , water intake , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , contact clarification
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UDC 628.33:628.179.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.01.05
Galkin Iurii, Baskov Evegenii, Ulasovets Evgenii, Obadin Dmitrii, Ermakov Denis, Knaub Elena
Technology for the treatment and use of mixed domestic and industrial wastewater in the industrial water supply system
Summary
According to the Terms of Reference of the ironworks, ECO-PROJECT R&D Company developed a physicochemical technology for the treatment of mixed domestic and industrial wastewater based on laboratory studies and pilot tests. The technology provides for reusing the effluent in the industrial water supply system of the ironworks, thus eliminating the discharge into the municipal domestic sewer network. With the help of mathematical modeling according to the methodology of ECO-PROJECT Company, an optimal scheme for using the obtained effluent in the industrial water supply system of the enterprise was developed. The feasibility study proved the environmental and economic efficiency of the implementation of this project.
Key words
disinfection , physical and chemical treatment , mixed domestic and industrial wastewater , industrial water supply system of an enterprise
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.01.01
UDC 628.166
Vasiliak L. M., Koudryavtsev N. N., SMIRNOV A. D., Strelkov A. K.
Ultraviolet plus ultrasound, and why again «there are no analogues in the world»?
Summary
Ultrasound has not been widely practiced in the world as a water disinfection technology. It has a low energy efficiency of disinfection in comparison with ultraviolet irradiation, therefore cannot be applied on its own. The combined effect of ultrasound and UV-irradiation does not have a synergistic effect, since these photo-biological and physicochemical processes are different and independent from each other. There are no criteria and methods for monitoring the effectiveness of ultrasound disinfection. The use of ultrasound is not regulated by sanitary rules and guidelines related to the disinfection of drinking and waste water. Cleaning of quartz covers is carried out using mechanical systems and chemical rinsing; international equipment manufacturers do not use ultrasound for this purpose. Personnel protection from the harmful impact of ultrasound is required.
Key words
potable water , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , water treatment , ultrasound
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UDC 628.166.085
Kostyuchenko S. V., Baranov V. L., Tkachev Andrei
Ultraviolet radiation – an advanced method of wastewater disinfection
Summary
The current regulatory requirements to effluent disinfection with chlorine agents demand an obligatory dechlorination stage. In the present context physical methods of wastewater disinfection can be an alternative solution. The method of wastewater ultraviolet radiation with the wave length of 253.7 m and low pressure amalgam lamps is most efficient and widely used. The given method is characterized by the high disinfection efficiency in relation to all types of microorganisms including viruses; by the absence of negative environmental impact; by the absence of disinfection by-products in wastewater, and equipment compactness. Engineering and economical comparison of the two methods of disinfection is presented: with the use of chlorine agent and ultraviolet radiation. It is shown that the method of ultraviolet radiation disinfection is more cost effective. The absolute value of the annual economic effect of using the equipment for UV disinfection of wastewater is increasing with the increase of the capacity of the facilities as a result of significant operational costs saving even at minor increase of the amount of the wastewater treated.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , wastewater , ultra-violet irradiation , dechlorination , low pressure amalgam lamp
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UDC 628.35 (211)
Kounakhovich A. A.
Domestic wastewater advanced treatment unit for the use in the settlements of the northern climatic region
Summary
The experts from «Engineering Equipment Trading House» developed and mastered manufacturing of the treatment facilities for domestic wastewater and industrial wastes close by composition to domestic wastewater for the camps in the northern construction climatic region. Tver-C units for advanced treatment of domestic wastewater provide for the comprehensive solution to ensure efficient operation of the treatment facilities in rigorous climate northern areas.
Key words
disinfection , suspended substances , aeration , nitrification , wastewater treatment , phosphates , nitrites , nitrates , chlorides , microflora , denitrifier
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