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UDC 628.3
Kalmykov A. A.
The use of energy efficient technologies of wastewater treatment: ways of solution and implementation problems
(to be discussed)
Summary
Currently in different Russian cities in the process of operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities designed and constructed in 1970-ies the problems often arise that are typical for many water and wastewater utilities in Russia. Ways of solving these problems in the process of upgrade are also typical and represent a package of measures that should be implemented on a branch basis. The potential of the advanced equipment and technologies that provide for improving the efficiency of the treatment facilities operation at significant energy saving as well as for solving the problems of upgrading treatment facilities under the conditions of tariff regulation and lack of competent professionals is presented.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , energy efficiency , tariff regulation , equipment wearing
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UDC 628.31:504.3.054:628.52
Budarina O. V., Pinigin M. A., Sabirova Z. F., Fedotova L. A.
Odor problems in ambient air of the wastewater treatment facilities: regulation, control and legislative regulation
Summary
A review of the current methodological approaches to the regulation and control of odorous substances in ambient air is presented. The values developed overseas on the basis of the epidemiological studies and recommended as standard odor levels in the area of wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The experimental procedure of setting permissible concentrations of odorous substances with account of odor «persistence» criterion based on the determination of the dependence of the possible odor threshold of different intensity from the substance concentrations is coherent with the international approaches to setting the air quality criteria related to the odor with account of «annoyance». As a result of the studies the regulatory values of the odor level of complex multicomponent emissions including emissions of wastewater treatment facilities that possess high «annoyance potential» have been substantiated meeting which will provide for the population protection from «obsessive» odor. In order to control ambient air pollution with odor the method of probabilistic assessment of the odor presence and intensity in the area of the facilities-odor emission sources location has been developed. It is expected that the introduction of the method of setting limits and control of odor as an element of the ambient air quality will supply the State supervision bodies with new approaches to the assessment of the ambient air condition in the communities located near the enterprises – emission sources in the process of setting the maximum permissible emissions, approving the sanitary-protection zones and developing the measures on eliminating odor impact on the population as the most important elements of odor control in the ambient air.
Key words
treatment facilities , odorous substances , odor intensity , «unknown» odor , «obsessive» odor , olfactory-odorimetric studies , organoleptic control , odor management
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UDC 628.24
Zhmakov G. N.
Designing pressure and vacuum public sewers
Summary
In Russia until recently only gravity sewers have been used for public sewers. With advent of sparsely populated territories of low-rise development the gravity sewers become unreliable and require high operational expenditures; therefore, pressure and vacuum public sewers are used with increasing frequencies. Because of the high flow rate and turbulence the threat of blockage of these pipelines is low. In vacuum sewers wastewater is aerated; therefore no corrosion occurs. Comparing to the expenditures for a free slope sewer the construction the costs saving in case of a vacuum sewer amounts up to 50%. Pressure sewer includes receiving tanks, mini sewage pumping stations, air-blowing (compressor) stations, pressure pipelines with valves and fittings. Vacuum sewer includes curtilage chambers, collecting pipelines and a vacuum station combined with a sewage pumping station. The formulas for pump capacity calculations are presented. The examples of lay out solutions are given.
Key words
treatment facilities , pumping station , sewerage system , vacuum station , air-blowing (compressor) station , suction valve , water seal
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UDC 628.3.001.2
Ponomarev V. G., Oulanovsky Ya. B., Korolyov M. A.
Designing wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
An approach to the selection of industrial wastewater treatment technologies and design calculations is considered. The authors analyzed the advanced design solutions with specifying their drawbacks and mistakes often made. The process solutions used in installations made by Stroyengineering LLC and practically approved during the onsite operation are described.
Key words
settling , treatment facilities , wastewater , flotation , filter bed
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UDC 628.212.2
Ganbarov E. S., GULIEV F. S.
Storm Sewer Development in Baku
Summary
Basing on the results of theoretical and experimental investigations a process scheme providing for chemical free treatment of polluted storm water in a compact float-filter placed in a circular settler is proposed. As may be required tertiary treatment by filtration through inert media is applied. The recommended technology can be applied in developing the Master Plan of surface runoff removal and treatment in the city of Baku. The technology provides for integrated treatment of storm water with pollution concentration reduction to the set limits. The effluent can be reused as process water for industrial enterprises, auto washing, street washing and irrigation of planted land.
Key words
treatment facilities , sewage collectors , storm sewers , trunk sewer , surface runoff , drainage area
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UDC 628.29/.31
Shuvalov M. V., Strelkov A. K., Shuvalov S. V., Tarakanov D. I.
Designing the project of surface runoff treatment facilities in Samara
Summary
The results of developing design and engineering documentation of the main intercepting sewer and treatment facilities for surface runoff from the drainage area of the Volga downhill of Samara are presented. The runoff produces a negative impact on the river intake of the two main municipal pumping-filtration stations. Designing and constructing these projects are implemented within the frames of the high-priority activities envisaged by the Master Plan of Samara approved in 2008. The route of the main rainwater sewer approved in the project provides for the possible connection of eleven outfalls discharge untreated surface runoff into gulleys of the Volga downhill. The process of surface runoff treatment envisages four stage water treatment with flow rate and pollutant concentration equalization in accumulating tanks: the first stage – mechanical treatment (screening, sedimentation in grit chambers and accumulating tanks); the second stage – physical and chemical treatment (coagulation of pollutants, sedimentation in laminar settling tanks); the third stage – enhanced treatment (filtration in contact clarifiers, two-stage filtration in sorption filters with MIU-S media); the fourth stage – UV water disinfection.
Key words
treatment facilities , surface runoff , rain water system , intercepting sewer
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UDC 628.221
Vereshchagina Lidiia, SHVETSOV V. N.
Explanation of separate provisions of the Recommendations for designing the systems of the surface runoff from residential areas and industrial sites collection, disposal and treatment
Summary
Guidelines and regulations for designing the systems of surface runoff (rainfall, snow-melt, street washwater) from residential areas and industrial sites disposal and treatment are presented as well as the comments to the provisions of Code of Practice 32.13330.2012 «Sewerage. Public Utilities» and «Recommendations for designing the systems of collection, removal and treatment of the surface runoff from residential areas, industrial sites; and determining the conditions for its discharge into the water bodies» («NII VODGEO» OJSC). The above-noted documents permit disposal for treatment of the most polluted part of the surface runoff in the amount of more than 70% of the annual runoff from residential areas and industrial sites similar to them in pollution level, and the total runoff from industrial sites with the territories that could be polluted with specific substances with toxic properties or significant concentrations of organics. The common practice of designing engineering structures of separate and combined sewers that allow short-term discharges of part of runoff into water bodies through separating chambers (storm-overflow sewers) at heavy (storm) rains of rare occurrence is considered. The cases are considered related to the refusal of the territorial directorates of State expert assessment department and Russian Federal Fisheries Agency to allow activities in relation to the capital construction projects under design pursuant to article 60 of the RF Water Code that prohibits discharging wastewater without sanitary treatment and decontamination into water bodies.
Key words
treatment facilities , water disposal system , surface runoff , regulatory and guidance documents , limit-exceeding discharge
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UDC 628.35:661.5/.63.001.2
SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M., Domnin K. V., Arkhipova Elena
Designing nitrification-denitrification retrofit at the biological treatment facilities
Summary
The results of studies carried out at the Khabarovsk wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The developed process flow sheet of wastewater biological treatment included nitrification-denitrification processes to eliminate nitrogen compounds according to the set standards. The process flow sheet provided for retrofitting dephosphatation zone to ensure maximum level of phosphorus removal at the biological treatment stage in order to reduce chemical consumption at the subsequent treatment stages. The process design of the biological treatment facilities was carried out.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , nitrification , dephosphatization , activated sludge , denitrification
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UDC 628.221
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.09
Semenov Aleksandr, LATISHEV N. S., Petruk Roman
Modern solutions for the accumulation and purification of rainfall and snow-melt water
Summary
Developed in 1960–1980s process flow schemes for the purification of rainfall and snow-melt waters are not always effective nowadays. At the treatment facilities of airports, housing and public utilities, railway transport, etc., the company successfully applies advanced wastewater treatment technology using equipment of its own production. Instead of the traditional scheme, the treatment facilities use the method of dynamic separation of wastewater, i. e., the simultaneous separation of oil products and suspended solids.
Key words
settling , treatment facilities , oil products , sludge , improving energy efficiency , rainfall and snow-melt waters , dynamic separation
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UDC 628.336.71:628.477.8
Lobanov Fedor, Maurin Eric, Plekhanov A. V.
Thermal treatment – a promising trend in wastewater sludge utilization
Summary
The presence of toxic elements in wastewater sludge generated at the wastewater treatment facilities precludes from using to the full extent the biosludge rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as efficient organic or combined organomineral fertilizers and potting soil for reclamation of disturbed lands. In this context the task of developing advanced technologies of wastewater sludge treatment in order to mitigate the negative impact on the environment with the use of different passivation methods of active forms of toxic metals has been set. The information on metal furnaces made of hi-tech alloy with fluidized bed for thermal treatment of wastewater sludge is presented in comparison with furnaces made of chamotte brick. Compact modular furnaces have been designed for incinerating 2000–6000 tons of sludge annually at small-scale wastewater treatment facilities. Furnaces for medium and large-scale wastewater treatment facilities have been designed for incinerating from 6000 to 80000 tons of sludge annually. The use of mineral additives and different inorganic sorbents ensures efficient treatment of waste gases. It is shown that metal furnaces with patented design have advantages compared to the traditional furnaces made of chamotte brick particularly when used at small-scale wastewater biological treatment facilities.
Key words
treatment facilities , ecological safety , wastewater sludges , metal furnace with fluidized bed , biosludge incineration
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UDC 628.32/34
Galkin Iurii
Process system of industrial runoff treatment
Summary
Based on the principle of dynamic control «ECO-PROJECT» Research and Development Company» LLC developed a process system of «dynamic control unit – «EP OF» settling tank-flocculator. The system is to be used as a basis in designing industrial runoff treatment facilities operating in complex environment – at continuous industrial wastewater inflow and unsteady values of flow, component concentrations and temperature. The facilities based on this system are highly efficient in eliminating a wide range of pollutants in phase dispersed state; use simplified water and waste treatment technology; have a flexible and compact component structure and high technical and economic characteristics. The designed process system is used in design, construction and operation of the treatment facilities in big cities, at the machine building plants, iron and steel plants and other industrial enterprises. In the process of developing «EP OF» settling tank-flocculators laboratory, pilot and full-scale tests were carried out; the negative experience and best practices of operating different modifications of the device were analyzed; the design and operating parameters were optimized by computer modeling with the use of FlowVision software. The devices have different designs related to the specific technical processes where they are used.
Key words
treatment facilities , industrial-rain Sewerage , the principle of dynamic regulation , system "dynamic regulation station – sedimentation tank-flocculation "OF EP»
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UDC 628.355
Chauzy Julien, Gabriel Ian, К. Вун, Poussade Yvan, Li Edmond, Bernard Jean-Francois
Sustainable biosolids management: a review of best available technologies for sludge stabilisation and volume reduction
Summary
Australian water utilities face a significant challenge in moving towards more sustainable biosolids management. There is increasing pressure to move away from the traditional approach of land application of dewatered biosolids due to escalating transport costs, community impacts such as odour and truck movements, and the risk of changing regulation or public perception affecting the future viability of land application. Different sludge treatments have been compared regarding performances, opex and carbon foot print for 2 case studies: Australian Inland and Coastal WWTP. Results have shown that thermal sludge treatments, especially Wet Air Oxidation which is now a proven technology, are highly competitive compared to conventional sludge treatments particularly when sludge disposal costs are high.
Key words
treatment facilities , sludge , thermal drying , incineration , liquid-phase oxidation , technosand , carbon emission
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UDC 504.062.4:628.334
Orlov B. V., Boykova I. G., Pechnikov V. G.
Ecological Rehabilitation of the Moscow Municipal Wastewater Disposal System
Summary
The suggestions about modernization of the disposal and treatment system of surface runoff from the territory of Moscow with due regard for environmental requirements set for water objects-water receivers have been developed by specialists of MosvodokanalNIIproekt on the basis of investigations of many years. The prognosis of possible reduction in pollution level of the city’s water objects as a result of execution of complex of measures aimed at the reconstruction of the wastewater disposal system and enhancement of the level of improvement of the city’s territories has been made on the basis of the analysis of change of pollutants concentration in the surface runoff in the course of its movement along the different parts of the wastewater disposal system. The suggestions take into account interconnection and interaction of all city’s water-management systems and can be used for search of optimal solutions concerning organization of surface runoff disposal and treatment for certain water collecting basins as well as in the course of actualization of the General scheme of disposal and treatment of surface runoff from the territory of Moscow together with the Program of rehabilitation of the city’s water objects.
Key words
treatment facilities , sewerage , surface runoff , water object , granulometric composition of pollutants , biopond , the concentration of oil products
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UDC 628.1.033:504.06
Makhinov A. N., Litvinchouk А. А.
Environmental priorities in providing water supply of Khabarovsk
Summary
Far-reaching activities on the water supply reorientation from the surface to ground sources in Khabarovsk are reported. For this purpose a water intake, water treatment facilities, pumping stations and water mains for Tungus deposit water abstraction and transportation are being constructed. The analysis of the available data shows an insignificant environmental impact of the given business activities. The construction of a ground water intake structure will not affect significantly the local flora and fauna. Here and there facilities will be provided for the formation of anthropogenically modified landscapes with improved environmental quality for the further exploitation of the natural resources on the adjacent territory.
Key words
treatment facilities , water intake , ground water , water use , water resources , the level of anthropogenic impact
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UDC 628.3:658.26.004.18
Danilovich Dmitrii
Energy conservation and alternative power sources at the wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
Methods of improving power efficiency of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities and heat and electrical power generation with the use of renewable power resource of wastewater. The analysis of power conservation and generation in water supply and wastewater management shows that depending on the technical solutions applied the total balance of power consumption at the water and wastewater facilities can vary from the net electrical energy consumption of 4 MW per 100 000 m3 of wastewater/day to positive balance of 7,5–8 MW (owing to 16 MW power generated including 1 MW of electrical energy). The power consumption of two independent municipal wastewater treatment plants can differ more than 6 times.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , sludge , energy efficiency , electric power , power consumption , biogas , water supply-sewerage services , heat pumps
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