DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.04.01
UDC 628.1
Demin A. P.
The current situation with supplying the population of the Crimean Peninsula with clean drinking water
Summary
The work object was studying the issues of supplying the population of Crimea with clean drinking water after the reunification with the Russian Federation. The studies used statistical materials from Rosvodresursy, Rospotrebnadzor, Krymstat, the Ministry of Ecology and the Ministry of Resorts of the Republic of Crimea. The data on the dynamics of water consumption for drinking and household needs in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol is given. An increase in the number of public water supply sources not equipped with a sanitary protection zone is shown. The share of the urban housing stock equipped with running water significantly exceeds the share of the rural housing stock. The growing deterioration of the water supply network is the main reason for the increase of water leaks. In 2014–2020, leaks in the Crimean water supply network increased from 63.2 to 96.8 million m3, or by 53%, and on a per 1 km basis of networks – from 4.7 to 7.4 thousand m3 (57%). There is a decrease in the average daily water consumption per person in the territory of the peninsula and in the main resorts of Crimea. The share of the population and the number of municipalities supplied with imported water is increasing. The deterioration of water quality in the sources of drinking water supply, including in municipalities, is shown. A decrease in the share of the population supplied with safe drinking water was revealed in the Republic of Crimea, Sevastopol. Some proposals for the sustainable water use in the conditions of the growing shortage are given.
Key words
potable water , ground water , centralized water supply , water leaks , deterioration of water distribution network , specific water consumption , municipalities , water quality in the water sources
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UDC 628.171
Ivankova T. V.
The current state of water supply in the Republic of Crimea
and possible additional water sources
Summary
The state of water availability of the Crimea peninsula in the period 2014–2017 is considered; the water consumption of the population is analyzed. The main problems with the supply of high-quality drinking water to the population are associated with the unsustainable use of water resources, poor water quality in rivers, surface water bodies, discharge of raw or insufficiently treated wastewater, wasteful flow and significant water losses in the water supply system. In 2017, the total water abstraction in the Republic of Crimea amounted to 301.33 million m3: from surface sources – 177.67 million m3, underground – 123.66 million m3. Water supply of cities and rural settlements is provided from surface (water reservoirs) and underground (artesian wells, groundwater intake structures) sources. The consumption of fresh water was 267.67 million m3, the losses during transportation – 12.3 million m3 (4.7%). The most unfavorable regions in terms of sanitary and chemical indicators of drinking water are: the cities of Krasnokopsk, Armiansk, Evpatoria, Dzhankoy, as well as Krasnoperekopsky, Pervomaisky, Leninsky and Saki districts. Methods of supplying fresh water used in arid countries (Israel and UAE) are considered. For the water supply of the Crimean peninsula a set of measures is proposed: step-by-step reconstruction of the water management complex; upgrade and additional construction of local drinking water treatment facilities; replacement of outdated water distribution networks; reconstruction of the existing water reservoirs and the construction of additional bulk reservoirs, storage ponds on the local flow; the introduction of water-saving technologies in industry, utilities and agriculture; the use of drip irrigation systems in agriculture; the use of brackish underground sources; desalination of sea water; promotion of water conservation.
Key words
ground water , water supply system , desalination , water availability , water scarcity , water reservoirs
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UDC 628.1.033
Chupin V. R.
The current state and problems of the public water supply system of the city of Irkutsk and Irkutsk Area
Summary
Supplying the population with high quality drinking water has been a high-priority task of the urban land development. Lake Baikal and the Angara River, its effluent, supply most of the Irkutsk Area population with drinking water. The pure drinkable water of Baikal that the Angara is carrying is as such only upstream of Irkutsk. Onwards it turns into the holding pond of industrial and domestic wastewater. Downstream Irkutsk the Angara water cannot be used for drinking water supply without organics, heavy metals and oil products removal. Using the example of establishing the public water supply system of the Irkutsk Area the aspects of supplying water from the open surface water sources were studied. It is shown that the water use under the conditions of the regulated surface water sources with significant water level fluctuations demands constructing combined water intakes of special design – shore, channel, infiltration and pontoon. The sources with low-mineralized water shall be used in combination with mineralized underground water. The need of developing group water supply systems with the use of protected underground water sources or large-scale surface fresh water sources is shown.
Key words
potable water , surface water source , water intake , ground water , centralized water supply system , water level in a water reservoir
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UDC 614.777:628.161.1:658.562.012.7
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.02.01
Lapin Pavel, Eliseev Dmitrii, Kopulov Sergei, Pashkova Valentina
The state of underground sources and public water supply systems of the Oryol Region and measures to improve the water quality
Summary
The state of the water resources inventory of the Orеl Region including underground and surface sources of water supply, is considered. The main causes of unsatisfactory water quality in public water supply systems are specified. To assess the quality of groundwater and water in water distribution networks in terms of microbiological and sanitary-chemical indicators, a method based on the filtration of a certain volume of water through membrane filters with subsequent identification by biochemical properties was used. The state of the underground sources of public water supply systems and distribution networks in the districts of the Orel Region for 2019–2021 is considered for compliance with the regulatory requirements. A number of measures have been proposed in order to implement the regional program «Improving the quality of water supply in the Orel Region» to improve water supply in the Region.
Key words
water supply system , ground water , microbiological characteristics , water object , centralized water supply system , sanitary chemical indicators
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UDC 628.161
Portnova T. M., Keish V. S., Protasovskii E. M.
Construction of water treatment facilities in Diuny
and Molodezhnoe settlements of the Kurort District of Saint-Petersburg
Summary
In accordance with «The scheme of water supply and wastewater disposal of Saint-Petersburg for the period up to 2025 including the prospects up to 2030» SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» started building two water treatment plants in Diuny and Molodezhnoe settlements of the kurort District of Saint-Petersburg upon the project of «Lengiproinzhproekt» Institute. Underground water deposits of the «Solnechnoe – Diuny» and «Molodezhnoe» intermorainic aquifer located in the south-western part of the Karelian Isthmus were used as a water source. Underground water is characterized by the high concentrations of iron (up to 5 mg/l, manganese (up to 1 mg/l), and barium (up to 1.5 mg/l). As for the rest parameters artesian water meets the standards. Underground water is fresh, sodium bicarbonate by chemical composition with 0.06–0.27 g/l mineralization and less than 3 mg-eq/l hardness. The technology of removing iron, manganese and bromine from water in two-stage rapid filters with the use of catalytic oxidation in pressure filters of the second stage containing crushed pyrolusite media was introduced. The facilities designed and built according to the mentioned technology showed high process efficiency. As a result of the water treatment plants construction in Diuny and Molodezhnoe settlements the concentrations of iron, manganese and barium in the water supplied to the public water supply system meet the standards. The quality of drinking water meets not only Russian but also European standards.
Key words
filtration , aeration , pressure filters , water-air flushing , ground water , iron , manganese , anthracite , pyrolusite , quartz sand , bromine
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UDC 628.112.24
Omel'ianiuk M. V.
The technologies of water well repair and rehabilitation
Summary
The share of underground water used for domestic and industrial water supply is more than 60–70% of the total water supply in most constituent entities. For drinking water supply wells up to 200–500 m deep are used; for the sources of mineral and medicinal-table water wells up to 1000–1500 m deep are used. To supply the systems of oil-field reservoir pressure maintenance with water the wells of several kilometers depth are required. The share of inactive wells often exceeds 50%. With the use of advanced repair technologies they can become water sources eliminating new well drilling. The technology of physical and chemical decolmatation of filters and near-filter zones of artesian wells used for drinking and domestic water supply has been developed together with the technical means of its implementation. The developed process solutions and technical means tested on industrial scale provide for increasing the well debit (even restoring the initial debit set after drilling); in addition the financial and labor costs as well as the time consumption for repair works are much lower than for boring a new well. The technology of wave hydrodynamic drag is efficiently combined with the chemical stimulation methods (acidizing) and ensures the synergistic effect. The technology and equipment do not cause any destruction of the well filters, cement sheath or casing column integrity. The findings have been tested in the process of repairing dozens of water wells used for drinking purposes; the actual debit increase was 30–1150%.
Key words
ground water , water well , yield , bottom-hole formation zone , cavitation and chemical decolmatation , technical condition monitoring , stimulation of production
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UDC 628.161.2:546.(711+72)
Zhurba M. G., Savelyev S. P., Ourousov D. Yu., Gabliya Yu. A., Diachuk Sergei, Lykov V. V., Parusov Denis
Improving the technology of deironing and demanganation of the underground waters in Ulyanovsk
Summary
An improved design of two-stage technology of deironing and demanganation of underground waters with the use of floating polystyrene foam media at the Ulyanovsk water treatment facilities was suggested and tested. At the first stage the processes of aeration-degassing, contact filtration and filtration rate regulation of the second stage filters are carried out. It was established that manganese removal from the underground water of Arkhangelsk water intake can be carried out only by additional dosing 0.6–0.8 mg/l of 4–5% potassium permanganate solution before the filters of the second stage. In doing so the time of chemical being in contact with the filter media of the second stage can be reduced from 20 to 4–5 minutes.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , oxidation , demanganization , catalyst , bioreactor filter , floating polystyrene foam media
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UDC 624.152.612.2.001.57
Volkova E. V., Rastorguev I. A., Rastorguev A. V.
Numerical Simulation for Substantiation of the Engineering Protection System in the City of Kazan
Summary
It is told about the process of creating a software package for numerical simulation of the drainage system in the city of Kazan. The calculations to determine the optimal mode of its operation are presented. The problem of optimizing the operating mode of pumping stations is formalized and presented as a problem of multicriterion optimization: reducing the potential damage as a result of underflooding at minimization of energy costs. The decision has been found with the help of an evolutional algorithm. On the basis of calculations carried out the recommendations for optimization of the pumping stations operation mode in the city of Kazan making it possible to reduce expenditures for operation of the engineering protection system for preservation of urban territories from underflooding have been given.
Key words
ground water , underflooding , drainage , numerical simulation , software package , minimization of damage , evolutional algorithm , optimization
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UDC 628.16.004.69(571.61/.64)
Kondratyeva L. M., Rousinov I. S., Domnin K. V.
Environmental safety and water treatment technology improvement in the Amur River Region
Summary
Advanced approaches to the water treatment processes with the use of local natural zeolites that improve the environmental safety are considered. Among the basic trends in developing water treatment technologies special attention is given to chemical free methods of the Amur water purification with the help of natural sorbents and biochemical processes activation in biofilms, water in the public systems polishing and stimulation of ground water deironing in local water treatment.
Key words
ground water , ecological safety , surface water , water treatment technologies , crushed zeolite
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UDC 628.1.033:504.06
Makhinov A. N., Litvinchouk А. А.
Environmental priorities in providing water supply of Khabarovsk
Summary
Far-reaching activities on the water supply reorientation from the surface to ground sources in Khabarovsk are reported. For this purpose a water intake, water treatment facilities, pumping stations and water mains for Tungus deposit water abstraction and transportation are being constructed. The analysis of the available data shows an insignificant environmental impact of the given business activities. The construction of a ground water intake structure will not affect significantly the local flora and fauna. Here and there facilities will be provided for the formation of anthropogenically modified landscapes with improved environmental quality for the further exploitation of the natural resources on the adjacent territory.
Key words
treatment facilities , water intake , ground water , water use , water resources , the level of anthropogenic impact
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UDC 628.112.24:69.003.13
Fisenko V. N.
Energy saving in operating deep wells for underground water abstraction
Summary
The share of energy costs in the operating expenditures structure reaches 85%. Taking into consideration the requirements to the reduction of СО2 emissions into the atmosphere as well as the necessity of reducing the costs and water tariffs, energy saving is the priority task for the housing and utility enterprises, industrial, agricultural companies and water and wastewater services providers that are operating deep wells. Different options of installing water lifting equipment in deep wells are considered. The energy efficiency comparison was made on the basis of the software designed by Wilo Company (Germany), pump manufacturer. The specific features of hydraulic calculations of the combined operation of the pump and the well are considered. The data on the structural concepts for deep wells that provide for saving energy spent directly on underground water lifting is set. The economic and financial mechanism of inducing the measures to reduce the energy consumption by water and wastewater services providers on the basis of the conditions of their foreign investment self-sufficiency development is illustrated.
Key words
water intake , ground water , power saving , hydraulic design , submersible pump , well , lift pipes
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