bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:004.69
Strelkov A. K., Stepanov S. V., Strelkov D. A., Doubman I. S.
The experience of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities of Zhigulevsk
Summary
The experience of designing, constructing and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities (16,200 m3/day) in Zhigulevsk, Samara Area is described. Prior to the reconstruction the technical condition of the facilities was satisfactory. However, the effluent quality parameters exceeded the maximum permissible levels for BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen compounds, phosphates and oil products. The efficiency of primary settling related to BOD5 and suspended solids was about 50% resulting in BODfull: total mineral nitrogen: phosphorus of phosphates ratio changing from 100:12.5:1.7 to 100:21.8:3.16. Despite the deterioration of this primary effluent parameter in the process of nutrients removal it was decided to retain primary settling in the design layout because of the insufficient capacities of the existing aeration tanks. The technology of nitrification-denitrification with anoxic and aerobic zones and chemical phosphorus removal is suggested. The bioreactor capacity was increased 1.5 times by establishing the third process line in addition to the existing ones; besides the construction started from the nitrification-denitrification aeration tank to provide for the sustainable effluent quality for the entire reconstruction period.
For tertiary treatment a filter-bioreactor with a brush head was used. Disinfection is carried out by UV-irradiation in a trough-type unit without changing the gravity effluent flow. The design documentation was approved by the state expertise of the construction projects. By now a considerable part of the facilities has been constructed and put into operation. The successful experience of Zhigulevsk wastewater treatment facilities reconstruction carried out without interruption of wastewater inflow can be overspread among the similar projects in medium-scale cities of the central part of Russia.
Key words
reconstruction , wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , sewerage treatment facilities , denitrification , phosphorus elimination
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.241
Lobanov A. A., Gromov A. A., Zhuravlev A. E.
The experience of constructing the extension of the main sewer in the northern part of St. Petersburg
Summary
The experience of constructing the extension of the main sewer in the northern part of Saint-Petersburg is presented. The works were carried out in a complex hydrological environment with the use of advanced tunneling machinery. Pressure-gravity drain siphon was chosen from the options considered. During the shaft construction both traditional methods (drilling freezing columns, shaft freezing with formation of glacial soil massive, boring in glacial soil shield with installation of immediate support of reinforced concrete tubing, construction of reinforced concrete jacket and technological shaft equipping), and new ones (shaft shielding with piled walls followed by drilling and constructing reinforced concrete jacket, shaft boring with shaft sinking machine and installing immediate support of segment blocks and sinking the whole support structure with shaft sinking) were used. In the process of constructing the main siphon tunnels boring with mechanized complexes with simultaneous assembling the immediate support of the tunnel with reinforced concrete tubing was used. At wash-out site in the process of boring the second line of the siphon an advanced tunnel-boring complex with hydroweight and hydrohaulage with constructing immediate support of the tunnel of segment blocks was used. To provide for the nonsilting flow rate in the sewer under the conditions of wastewater flow decrease a flow regulation facility was built in the lowest sewer point. The use of the advanced tunneling complex provided for shortening the timeline to completion of the sewer construction, ensuring leaktightness of the constructions and operations safety eliminating workers access to the tunnel face. Commissioning the extension of the sewer in the northern part of Saint-Petersburg provided for increasing wastewater treatment to 98.4%.
Key words
wastewater , monitoring , sewer , gas corrosion , shaft , tunneling complex , microtunnel
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.24
PANKOVA G. A., Klementyev M. N.
The experience of operating sewer tunnels in St. Petersburg
Summary
A short description of the sewer tunnels in St. Petersburg, their building conditions, operation and maintenance, safety arrangements during inspection is presented. A portable, mobile diagnostic unit for the inspection of the underwater space of the tunnel has been designed. The measuring part of the unit comprises ultrasonic sensors for underwater space scanning, TV camera with zooming and rotation in different direction, and recorders of the wastewater chemical composition. Scanning the underwater part of the tunnel provides for the information on defects and damages of the tunnel trough and lining, level of silting. Basing on the inspection results the causes of the tunnel and in-line structures failures are determined. In parallel with the tunnel inspections the experts of the St. Petersburg University of Architecture and Civil Engineering carried out an analysis of the hydraulic control of the inspected sections of the tunnels. The results of the inspection and hydraulic control analysis provided the basis for the development of priorities, tunnel repair and rehabilitation activities; allowed improving the integrity of the municipal wastewater disposal system. A short description of the solution of the problem of cleaning the polluted emissions from the sewer and tunnels alongside with the references of the gas cleaning system are presented.
Key words
wastewater , sewer tunnel , shaft , bore hole , air-gas corrosion , tunnel inspection
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5.001.42
Zalyotova N. A.
Experience of operating wastewater treatment facilities with two-stage nitrification-denitrification flow scheme
Summary
The results of field testing pilot treatment facilities with a capacity of 12,000 m3/day with two-stage nitrification-denitrification flow scheme are presented. The results of evaluating different methods of mixed liquor mixing within denitrification zones alongside with treatment facilities design procedure are given. It is shown that the use of mechanical mixers will provide for the required oxygenic mode in denitrification zones and improve the efficiency of total nitrogen and nitrite elimination.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , activated sludge , biogenic elements , denitrification , ammonium salts , mixing devices
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5.63
KOZLOV M. N., Kharkina O. V., Pakhomov A. N., Streltsov S. A., Khamidov M. G., Ershov B. A., Belov N. A.
Experience of Operation of Facilities of Wastewater Biological Treatment for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds
Summary
Introduction of technologies of wastewater treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is a priority way of development and reconstruction of treatment facilities of the MSUE Mosvodokanal. The technology of acidification of raw sludge of primary sedimentation plants makes it possible to increase the concentration of readily oxidizable organic compounds in wastewater which are necessary for organization of the process of advanced biological removal of phosphorus. Acidification of primary sludge of wastewater was introduced on industrial scale at the Lyubertsy treatment facilities of Moscow in 2009; it makes it possible to ensure the high quality of water treated at the block of biogenic elements removal of total capacity of 500 000 m3/day.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , acidification
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.17.001.4
Kostyuchenko S. V., Khrenov K. E., Khramenkov S. V., Filatov N. N., Glinik A. I., Kvalvasser A. I., Koudryavtsev N. N., Zhoukov V. I., Petrova O. N., Parilov P. S.
The experience of UV equipment operation at the Lyubertsy Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Moscow
Summary
The experience of the ultraviolet equipment operation for effluent disinfection at the Lyubersty wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow is presented. The modular design of UV equipment provided for establishing large-scale facilities with minimum footprint for UV-disinfection of municipal effluents (1–3 million m3/day capacity and higher). The high performance is ensured by the unique UV-modules with specially designed superpower bactericidal low pressure lamps supplemented by numerous systems of monitoring, control and energy saving. Equipping the entire wastewater treatment facilities with UV disinfection modules will ensure significant improvement of the environmental and sanitation-and-epidemiological conditions of the Moskva and Pekhorka Rivers.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , sewerage treatment facilities , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety
|
bbk 000000
UDC 614.71:613.15
Sabirova Z. F., Budarina O. V., Shipulina Z. V.
Special aspects of substantiating sanitary protection zones
for the municipal wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
A comprehensive hygienic assessment of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities (with a capacity of 73 and 180 thousand m3/day of domestic and industrial wastewater) as sources of the chemical and physical impact on the ambient air and public health is presented. The studies were carried out in a city in the Moscow Area with a population of more than 150 thousand residents. The characteristics of the wastewater disposal system including wastewater treatment technology, standard equipment of the treatment facilities, technical operation parameters, composition and amount of emissions are typical for the Russian small cities including the cities in the Moscow Area with a population of 100–2000 thousand residents. It was stated that the maximum input into the gross emission was given by sludge beds (68%), aeration tanks and secondary settlers of the biological treatment process (12.4 and 5.3%). It is shown that the impact of the chemical and physical factors on the ambient air and public health (following the methodology of the assessment of the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effect occurrence) does not exceed the hygienic regulations and permissible risk values. Based on the results of the study a system of criteria that can be recommended for the substantiation of the sanitary protection zones for the wastewater treatment facilities is proposed.
Key words
wastewater , sewerage treatment facilities , ambient air , sanitary protection zone , public health
|
UDC 628.54:676
Feofanov Yu. A., Tarasenkov Viktor, Cherniat’ev Anatolii
Specific features of paper mill wastewater treatment
Summary
The results of the operation of local and all-factory wastewater treatment plants of a separately located paper mill using waste paper and cellulose as raw materials are considered and analyzed. The following characteristic features of the factory wastewater are indicated: significant fluctuations in flow rate and composition, high concentration of organic matter, elevated temperature, etc. The conditions for the effective operation of the local treatment facilities, including chemical treatment and two-stage pressure flotation when using waste paper and cellulose as raw materials, are noted. The unit costs and amount of effluent pollution discharged after local treatment have been determined. The data on the efficiency of the all-factory biological treatment facilities including a moving-bed bioreactor and aeration tanks, are presented. Dependencies of the main process parameters of the facilities have been obtained that provide for predicting the treatment efficiency. Measures are proposed to improve the operation of local facilities and biological wastewater treatment facilities of a paper mill.
Key words
reagent treatment , wastewater , bioreactor , aeration tank , pressure flotation , local treatment facilities
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Stepanov S. V.
Specific features of designing oil refinery wastewater biological treatment facilities
Summary
Oil refinery wastewater is characterized by the presence of organics resistant to oxidation and practically total absence of phosphorus. The procedure of designing oil-containing wastewater biological treatment with nitrification-denitrification is used both for aeration tanks and membrane bioreactors. Designing is carried out with the use of kinetic relationships for all the regulated pollutants. During the experiments kinetic constants and coefficients of nitrification and denitrification processes, oxidation of organic substances (as BOD and COD), oil products, phenols and synthetic surfactants for wastewater of a number of oil refineries were obtained. Calculations algorithm includes the following stages: determining initial data – pollutant concentrations and wastewater flow rates; choosing the process flow scheme of the treatment facilities; calculating specific rate of biological treatment process on the basis of kinetic constants and coefficients; calculating activated sludge growth, nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the process of assimilation; estimating the retention time for oxidation of separate ingredients of pollutants and denitrification; determining the maximum aerobic process time in respect to the limiting component and treatment level in respect to other ingredients; calculating the required air consumption; checking the necessity of dosing phosphorus compounds for nutrient makeup. To improve the denitrification efficiency the configuration of the facilities was enlarged with a mixed liquor deaerator. The process design of a membrane bioreactor differs from the design of aeration tanks with nitrification-denitrification by correction of specific oxidation rate with account of the obtained kinetic constants and coefficient of inhibition with metabolism products at higher concentrations of activated sludge in the bioreactor. The experimental results allowed supplementing the procedure of designing wastewater biological treatment facilities with nitrification-denitrification developed by NII VODGEO.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , activated sludge , membrane bioreactor , denitrification , oil refinery , kinetic constant
|
DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.08.06
UDC 628.35
Vilson Elena
Specific features of chemical phosphorus removal in the process of biological wastewater treatment
Summary
Wastewater treatment in public sanitation systems in settlements and urban districts has been the field of application of the best available technologies. For small and medium-sized treatment facilities, the concentration of phosphate phosphorus in the effluent is not regulated; for the facilities with a capacity of more than 10 thousand m3/day – it should not exceed 0.7 mg/dm3, while biological treatment and chemical removal of phosphorus is recommended. The issues of the chemical removal of phosphates and determination of the effect of the dose of aluminum-containing chemicals and pH value on the bacterial community of activated sludge by the identification component – protozoa, are considered. During the studies it was found that both the type of chemical and the point of its introduction into the biological treatment facilities affect the value of the optimal chemical dose; the reasons for changing the dose of the chemical depending on the introduction point were identified. While chemical solution is introduced into primary settling tanks, the dose can exceed the theoretically determined one by 4–5 times. The pH values of the chemical treatment system were determined as a factor of dependence on the initial concentrations of phosphates in wastewater, at which poorly soluble aluminum phosphates are formed. It has been established that the relationship between pH of the system and the concentration of dissolved aluminum phosphates has a key effect on the state of protozoa. While the required pH value is maintained, the doses of the aluminum-containing chemical can be high (up to 116 mg/l), however not resulting in the biodegradation of the sludge system. The introduction of coagulant solution into the nitrification zone of an aeration tank can result both in the degradation of sludge, and violation of MPC for dissolved aluminum and phosphorus in the effluent. Therefore, in case of supplying the coagulant solution to the end of the nitrifying aeration tank, chemical phosphorus removal can be enhanced by the additional alkalization of the sludge liquor.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , phosphate ions , рН of sludge liquor , aluminium-containing coagulants , optimal dose , protozoa , microscopic examination of activated sludge
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Stepanov S. V., Gabidullina L. A., MOROZOVA K. M., Stepanov A. S., Sokolova T. V.
Evaluation of the impact of wastewater from separate oil refining units on biological treatment process
Summary
The composition and kinetic characteristics of biochemical oxidation of separate wastewater flows from oil refining process units is determined. The study subject was wastewater of the Novokuibyshevsk oil refinery – fuel and lube refiner. In order to evaluate separate wastewater flows with different biological degradability, a kinetic method under contact conditions was used, i. e. the method of recording variations in time of dissolved oxygen concentration followed by determining the oxygen uptake rate depending on the concentration of substrate or other factors. It was stated that the significant part of wastewater from oil refining process units was inhibiting the process of biological treatment of the entire wastewater flow of the refinery. The experimental determination of the inhibition constants of enzyme kinetics equations is of great practical interest because it provides for evaluating the toxic flow impact on the process rate, and what is more determining the type of inhibition. Knowing the inhibition type the ways of eliminating inhibition can be determined which is equally important in biologcal treatment of toxic wastewater. The general methods of eliminating any type of inhibition in the process of oil refinery wastewater biolological treatment is decreasing the toxic flow part in the total flow, i. e. flow rate equalization and activated sludge concentration increase in the facilities. Flow and pollution concentration equalization will prevent from the disturbance of biological treatment processes related to volleys of such wastewater. The last confirms the technological expediency of using membrane bioreactors for biological treatment of oil refinery wastewater that allow operating under the conditions of complete activated sludge retention the the reactor.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , oil refinery , kinetic constants and coefficients , competitive inhibition , uncompetitive inhibition , substrate inhibition
|
DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.05
UDC 628.312.5:577.18
Mezrin Nikita, Abramova Anna, Diagelev Mikhail, Isakov Vitalii
Estimation of the specific pollutants in municipal wastewater
Summary
The data of Russian and international studies on the methods of detection and identification of antibiotics in wastewater are presented. The information on the production and sales of the consumed drugs was used as a method for quantifying and predicting antibiotics released into the environment. The analysis of the data showed that by 2030 a massive increase in the consumption of antibiotics in Russia from 63.2 to 105.3 thousand tons was planned. The data on the number of detected antibiotics in wastewater from different countries are also presented. A classification of the methods used for detecting antibiotics in municipal wastewater is given, and the individual characteristics of each method with the inherent advantages and disadvantages are given. The choice of a specific method depends on the availability of equipment, qualified personnel, number and frequency of analyses, degree of accuracy, and other significant factors. The spectrophotometric method is one of the most common research methods for the detection of pharmaceuticals in wastewater.
Key words
wastewater , antibiotics , virus resistance , detection methods
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.316
Ponomarev V. G.
Evaluation of pollutant characteristic when choosing wastewater treatment methods
Summary
The variety of pollutant characteristics in industrial effluents is considered. When choosing a treatment method in each particular case the evaluation of pollutants with testing the indicators that characterize mineral particles in suspended phase is required. Their correlation described by the first- and second order equations is disclosed. The dependences used at present for the recalculation of the laboratory data on particle hydraulic size that should be separated to provide for the required precipitation effect with the purpose of calculating the geometry of the facilities included into the project are considered. The conclusion is drawn about possible errors of the applied method of precipitation process modeling. On the basis of the research results a new indicator is suggested – agglomeration index that characterizes agglomeration capability of pollution suspended particles. The technique of its determining and the method of recalculating laboratory data on hydraulic size obtained for the layer depth differing from the settling level in the applied facility with account of the agglomeration of pollution suspended phase are presented. As shows the experience of evaluating many designed projects and technical solutions the authors of which have participated in tenders a large number of these solutions are not supported by the analysis, do not have enough proofs and are often a fortiori incorrect and consequently cheap. Therefore tender boards find difficulties in making an objective choice.
Key words
suspended substances , Agglomeration , wastewater , settling kinetics , agglomeration index , hydraulic size
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.54
Shchetinin A. I., Kolesnik Yu. V., Ulchenko V. M., Kostin Yu. V., Esin M. A., Agafonkin V. V., Tomilov S. M., Maznyak Z. A.
Wastewater Treatment at Meat-Processing Enterprises
Summary
Issues of the wastewater treatment at meat-processing enterprises are described. The plan of the KonkordiyaLtd.’s wastewater treatment has been developed. For preliminary treatment, local treatment facilities which include a drum grate with an inclined dewatering screw, equalizing tank and physicochemical treatment unit on the basis of a reagent pressure flotation plant have been dsigned and constructed. Household sewage is supplied to an inlet distribution chamber, then to interlocked fine treatment grates and aerated horizontal sand-grease catchers. The mixture of household sewage treated mechanically and industrial wastewater treated locally is supplied to aeration tanks for biological treatment with removal of biogenic elements and then for aftertreatment and disinfection. Dewatering of all types of sludge is carried out at Ecopolymerbelt filter-presses using flocculants. Commissioning of local and wastewater biological treatment facilities as well as equipment for dewatering of sludge at belt filter-presses has been executed. The high wastewater treatment quality and sludge dewatering level have been achieved.
Key words
wastewater , aeration , coagulant , flocculant , belt press filter , meat-processing enterprises , physicochemical and biological treatment
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35: 661.5.63
Ospanov K. T., Elzhasov A. A.
Sewerage Treatment Facilities of the City of Astana (Kazakhstan)
Summary
The flow chart of biological treatment of municipal wastewater making it possible to increase the efficiency of removal of phosphorous compounds equally with the efficient removal of nitrogen compounds is offered. Advantage of this technology is possibility of reconstruction and modernization of operating treatment facilities with the maximum use of existing capacities. The technique of nitri-denitrification with a dephosphatation chamber is used at the operating facilities of the city of Astana. Zeolite of the Chankanayskoye deposit is used as a media. Zeolite intensifies the processes of advanced biological treatment of wastewater both for organic pollutants and biogenic elements.
Key words
sedimentation tank , suspended substances , wastewater , biological treatment , nitrogen , phosphorous , aeration tank
|
UDC 006.3:628.3:504.069
Danilovich Dmitrii, Budnitskii D., Novikov A.
Switch over to the technologic regulation of effluent discharges from municipal wastewater treatment facilities: ten years track record and recommendations after the adoption of the complete package of regulatory legal acts
Summary
On behalf of the participants in the process, a description of the concept of technological regulation of wastewater discharges from settlements, the development and adoption of legislative acts for the switch over to the new system is given. The paper dwells upon the adoption of the final regulatory legal act (Government Decree of September 2020 No. 1430), completing the development of a legislative framework designed to put an end on the use of fishery maximum permissible concentrations as wastewater discharge standards. Explanations are given on the relationship between the status of the provisions of the updated information and technical reference book ITS 10-2015 and the specified resolution in different applications. Recommendations are given for municipal wastewater treatment facilities and engineering companies on priority actions in the preparation and drawing up of applications for integrated environmental permits and design specifications and estimates according to the new regulations. Attention is drawn to the fact that switching over to a new regulation system requires assigning a category to a water body (performed by Rosvodresursy); otherwise the application of the process parameters established by the Government of the Russian Federation is impossible. The specific features of designing treatment facilities in the new regulation system are noted.
Keywords
treatment facilities , wastewater , best available techniques , legislation , discharge regulation , technological indicators , public sanitation systems of settlements , information and technical reference book ITS 10 , water body category
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.33:62-278
KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A., Khramenkov S. V., Kharkina O. V.
Perspectives of Introduction of Membrane Technique at Treatment Facilities of Moscow
Symmary
Studies of the membrane technique of treatment of low-concentrated municipal wastewater at a pilot unit of up to 5 m3/day capacity have been carried out. As a result, high quality of treated water concerning suspended particles and biogenic elements has been obtained, resistance to volley entries of industrial wastewater and high efficiency of water disinfection have been reached. Results of pilot tests have made it possible to appreciate the membrane biotechnologies as perspective for realization at Moscow treatment facilities. Advantages of the technology with the use of membrane bioreactors: considerable reduction in volumes of facilities and spaces occupied by them owing to the high concentration of activated sludge, possibility of a higher load per a volume unit and also significant decrease in quantity of excessive activated sludge. Membrane bioreactor technologies are one of the perspectives of development of treatment facilities under the conditions of limited areas.
Key words
wastewater , bioreactor , hydraulic condition , biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , membrane module
|
DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.02
UDC 626.812
Lapin Pavel
Surface waters of the Orel Region rivers and their main pollutants
Summary
The results of a study of the qualitative composition of surface waters in the basin of the main rivers of the Orel Region (Oka, Dnieper and Don) that revealed critical pollution of the surface waters with phenols in most rivers, negligible – with nitrite nitrogen, no excess of MPC for iron was found, with the exception of the Dnieper River basin. To reduce the degree of pollution of the surface waters, a program of budgetary support of the water supply and wastewater disposal enterprises shall be provided to enhance the transition to the best available technologies for wastewater treatment; the cooperation with neighboring regions shall be improved; monitoring of the main pollutants of the water bodies in the Orel region shall be carried out; and the technological control of economic entities shall be executed considering their negative impact on the water bodies.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , oil products , phenols , surface water , environmental protection
|
DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.06
UDC 628.25
Skibo Denis, Chupin V. R., Ogniov Igor
Improving the environmental safety of wastewater disposal system on the basis of emergency storage tanks
Summary
A new structure is proposed – an emergency storage tank for wastewater pumping stations that provides for improving the environmental safety and controllability of the wastewater disposal system by regulating wastewater in underground storage facilities. Owing to the specific features the tank usable volume is filled with wastewater from gravity sewers; the wastewater is retained in it for a certain time and removed together with the sludge eliminating any additional pumping equipment. The range of application of the emergency storage tank extends to the systems for the disposal of domestic, storm and industrial wastewater. This innovative device should become an essential component of the municipal engineering infrastructure and meet environmental requirements for wastewater disposal. Structural solutions adopted in the development of a horizontal storage tank as the main multifunctional accumulating element are focused on the possibility of installing this structure in the built-up areas of the city, as well as in adverse hydrological conditions. To determine the usable volume of horizontal storage tanks the standard mathematical modeling approaches were used with the help of the approximation method. A method is proposed for calculating the storage capacity of the tank, as well as calculating the volume of the ballast chamber of a horizontal storage tank. The aspects of the resistance to floating up of underground elements are considered. The modular principle of the tanks design provides for installing it both by trenchless and cut-and-cover methods; whereas the available additional ballast opens the door for operating in difficult hydrological conditions. It is recommended to equip the existing and projected wastewater pumping stations with the developed emergency storage tank.
Key words
wastewater , sludge , reliability , sewerage pumping station , emergency storage tank , controllability of the wastewater disposal system , wastewater flow control
|
|
