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UDC 628.35:661.5

Streltsov S. A., Nikolaev Yu. A., GRACHEV V. A., Aseyeva V. G., Mikhailova Iu. V.

Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment by the method
of activated sludge enrichment with nitrifying bacteria

Summary

Ammonium concentration in effluent is one of the most important indicators of biological wastewater treatment efficiency. Ammonium oxidation to nitrates (nitrification) is executed by nitrifying bacteria characterized by low growth rate and high sensitivity to some adverse technologic factors (e.g. low oxygen concentration, toxicants). To provide for stabilizing the number of nitrifying bacteria, increasing their activity in bioreactors with activated sludge and improving the efficiency of removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater different processing technologies are used. One of them is bioaugmentation (inoculation of essential microorganisms or arrangement of conditions for their evolution with the purpose of improving the specific activity of biosystem, e.g. activated sludge). The specialists of R&D Centre of «Mosvodokanal» JSC studied the efficiency of nitrification process in an installation working after the process flow scheme developed in the University of Cape Town in combination with an additional bioaugmented reactor. In the reactor activated sludge is being enriched with nitrifying bacteria. At increased ammonium load simulated by adding liquid phase of digested sludge the main process line did not provide for reducing ammonium to the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants in fishery water bodies. The use of bioaugmented reactor allowed reducing ammonium concentration (N–NH4) from 40–50 to 0.4 mg/l. With that the resistance of nitrifying bacteria of activated sludge to toxicants (thiourea) showed no increase. However with the availability of a bioaugmented reactor the inhibiting effect was somewhat abated.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , bioaugmentation , scheme of the University of Cape Town , bioaugmented reactor

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UDC 628.35

Matуushenko Evgeny, Gundyreva Tat’iana

Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities with chemical phosphorus removal from reject water

Summary

The problems associated with the eutrophication of water bodies receiving effluents containing phosphorus in residual concentrations are described. The reasons for the most intensive phosphorus release into the intrasite sewage system during sludge processing are given. It has been established that the discharge of this wastewater into the head structures of wastewater treatment facilities leads to an increase in the nutrients loading (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids, COD. The results of experimental studies on the selection of the optimal type and dosage of the chemical for the removal of phosphates from reject water generated during municipal wastewater sludge treatment are given. The purpose of the research is to find ways to remove phosphorus to eliminate the increase in phosphorus concentration in the receiving chamber observed as a result of reject water discharge from the sludge treatment facilities, and to ensure the wastewater treatment of the intrasite sewage system of the treatment facilities with minimal construction and operating costs as well as to produce reusable sludge. A process flow scheme of the nutrients removal from the wastewater of intrasite sewage system of the treatment facilities of Novosibirsk is proposed. The process provides for the sludge that after stabilization and decontamination can be used as organic fertilizer for industrial crops.

Key words

filtrate , wastewater , reagent , phosphorous , filtrate , sewerage treatment facilities , biogenic elements , sludge water , intrasite sewage system

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UDC 628.334

Khrekov N. B., Borisov V. Ya.

Enhancement of Operation Efficiency of Mechanical Treatment Plant of Samara’s Aeration Station

Summary

Problems of the treatment of wastewater of the Samara’s city aeration station connected with ineffective operation of mechanical screens are described. The substantiation of the choice of mechanical screens PC manufactured by PSP Prommashservis Ltd. for the replacement of obsolete equipment and also steel of 12X18H10T grade for manufacture of screens PC is made. The distinctive features of the screens that distinguish them among analogues are presented.

Key words

wastewater , mechanical treatment , electric drive , grate , frequency converter , filter fabric , aeration station , hydro-press

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UDC 628.218

GULIEV F. S.

Practical Method of Hydraulic Design of Water Disposal Networks at Partial Filling of Pipeline

Summary

A simplified practical method of hydraulic calculation of water disposal networks ensuring the satisfactory accuracy and foreseeing (at values of wastewater flow rates and pipeline pitch known in the general case) the possibility to calculate a design diameter of pipes, wastewater flow rate, level of pipeline’s filling is proposed.

Key words:

wastewater , flow rate , hydraulic radius , Absolute equivalent roughness , viscosity factor , level of pipeline’s filling

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UDC

Danilovich Dmitrii, Dovlatova E. V.

Proposals on amendments to legal framework on regulating effluent discharges by Vodokanals and their customers

Summary

The issues of regulating effluent discharges in view of Federal Law № 416-FZ «On water supply and wastewater disposal» coming into force in 2013 and expected accepting of amendments to Federal Law № 7-FZ «On environmental protection» (PFZ № 584587-5) are considered. Essential revision of Chapter 5 of Law № 416-FZ on the environmental issues is proposed alongside with developing for Vodokanals and their customers a new system of regulation and charging on the basis of PFZ № 584587-5 principles and provisions.

Key words

wastewater , pollutants , tariff regulation , discharge regulation

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.07.06
УДК 006.053:628.1/3

Pupyrev E. I., Shiriaevskii Valerii, Gerasimov Vladislav

Pre-project evaluation of the efficiency of water and sludge treatment facilities

Summary

Designing water treatment facilities has a centuries-old history. At present, the world project community has developed practically unified process flow schemes for natural water treatment to the drinking water quality and domestic wastewater treatment. The professional community practices an intensive exchange of ideas, technologies, and industrial products in the field of water purification. Recently, mathematical methods for calculating module structures have been actively developing, methods of digital (computer) design are used. For complex projects, first of all, pre-project work is carried out. Methods for designing water treatment facilities remain inherently heuristic, and a number of design solutions can be proposed for the same problem statement. The digital design environment provides for tackling new problems, first of all, for designing treatment facilities that are optimal not only in terms of the water quality and other technical parameters, but at the same time, if possible, in terms of the economic efficiency. A method is proposed for the development of a pre-design using multivariate mathematical procedures that allow approaching the optimal combination of technical and financial indicators of the future water treatment facility.

Key words

wastewater , anaerobic fermentation , biogas , methane tank , sludge , sludge cake , process flow scheme of wastewater sludge treatment , финансовая модель , Alt-Invest

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UDC 628.35.3:336.7

Gogina Elena, Gurinovich A.i D.

The use of LСС method in evaluating the efficiency of investment projects of wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

The assessment of expediency investments in constructing new or upgrading the existing wastewater treatment facilities should be based on the advanced methods of analysis and calculation of the investment efficiency, social, environmental and other implications of ope­rating these projects. LCC method of calculating life cycle costing provides for the comprehensive efficiency analysis within the frames of feasibility study and business plan preparation for investment projects of municipal wastewater treatment facilities upon recommendation of international standards. The purpose of LCC method is the selection of the most efficient investment project among the other suggested at the minimum integrated life cycle cost over the course of a long period. LCC analysis assists in estimating the costs and making a choice basing on the total costs instead of the purchase cost of the equipment and construction and assembling operations since the operational expenses exceed significantly the cost of the purchased equipment during procurement. An example of making calculations with LCC method is presented. The results show that for the considered example with the highest initial investments in wastewater treatment facilities the life cycle costing was minimal as well as the basic operational parameters.

Key words

treatment facilities , wastewater , LCC method of life cycle costing calculation , investment expediency , assessment of the investment project efficiency

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.06
UDC 628.316

Belov S. G., Naumchik G. O.

The use of ozone to reduce the color intensity of textile wastewater

Summary

The relevance of the development of effective methods for the destruction of dyes in the wastewater of consumer goods industry is increasing due to the severization of the requirements to the aquatic environment protection. The mechanisms of interaction of ozone with unsaturated and aromatic organic compounds in aqueous solutions are considered. Special focus is placed on the interaction of ozone with azo dyes. A detailed procedure for carrying out experimental studies is given, that provide for accurate dosing of ozone into the reaction mixture. The data of experimental studies are presented that are indicative of the effectiveness of using ozone for the destruction of dyes in model solutions. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of using ozone compared to the reducing agents to reduce color intensity of dye solutions. Specific doses of ozone have been preliminarily determined to reduce color intensity of solutions of some synthetic dyes to standard values.

Key words

wastewater , ozone , textile industry , azo dyes , color intensity

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UDC 628.16/.33

Tourevsky S. M., Konstantinov S. V.

The use of DynaSand self-cleaning filters and Johnson Lamella Separators

Summary

The description of Nordic Water Products AB equipment for water purification and domestic and industrial wastewater treatment is presented. DynaSand self-cleaning filters and Johnson Lamella separators are reliable, efficient and simple in operation; they ensure sustainable high quality treatment of raw water. Contact filtration technology has been a great success in different countries, even when used in adverse climatic conditions with various types of water and wastewater.

Key words

potable water , wastewater , chromaticity , coagulation , iron , manganese , aluminium , self-cleaning filter , separator

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UDC 628.336.429:504.009

KERIN A. S., Sidorov S. M., Sokolova E. V.

The Use of the UGOS-110Installation in Technological Processes of Wastewater Sludge Treatment

Summary

Results of the study of possibility of using the UGOS-110 installation for enhancement of efficiency of excess activated sludge in the flow charts of domestic wastewater treatment are described. Non-densifying activated sludge from the secondary settling plants was treated. As a result it is established that the use of UGOS-110 equipment is the most preferred at facilities of biological treatment of domestic wastewater with output of up to 3000 m³ per day. It makes it possible to improve the level of sludge dewatering, reduce the flocculant consumption, cut equipment costs.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , surplus active silt , dehydration , flocculant , sludge moisture content , compaction

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UDC 628.166

Pokhil Yu. N., Novoshintsev V. N., Kamaletdinov A. R., Kostyuchenko S. V., Tkachev Andrei, SMIRNOV A. D.

Use of UV-disinfection in water supply and wastewater disposal systems of Novosibirsk

Summary

Vodokanal of the city of Novosibirsk has been one of the first water and wastewater utilities in large Russian cities to completely switch to the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater with ultraviolet irradiation. Advanced multi-barrier technologies for the preparation of drinking water (combined use of UV disinfection and chlorination) provided for obtaining safe drinking water of high quality. UV units introduced at the pumping-filtration stations (PFS-1 and PFS-5) of the city provide for the reliable disinfection of filtered purified water up to the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01-01, perform a barrier role against pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature. UV equipment installed at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities with a total capacity of 600 thousand m3/day ensures the required degree of disinfection in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 (radiation dose not less than 40 mJ/cm²). The UV-disinfection station built on the basis of tray-type vertical type equipment manufactured by «LIT» SPA is installed in three concrete flow channels. To improve the energy efficiency of the UV disinfection station operating under the conditions of uneven incoming wastewater flow during the day a system for the UV irradiation rate control by signals from an external flow meter and a tau meter measuring the UV transmittance was retrofitted. Ultraviolet disinfection of effluent does not affect the Ob River. Used for several years UV disinfection of wastewater and up to now is the best available technology.

Key words

potable water , chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , best available techniques , multi-barrier technologies

UDC 628.52:66.074.51
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.01.01

Vasiliak L. M., Sobur Denis, Strelkov A. K.

The use of chemical scrubbers to eliminate odors
at the wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

The potential and features of using chemical scrubbers to remove from the air hydrogen sulfide and other malodorous substances generated during the transportation and treatment of wastewater are considered. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of various types of scrubbers: alkaline, hypochlorite, peroxide, and based on iron compounds is presented. It has been shown that the use of chemical scrubbers to eliminate malodorous substances at the wastewater treatment facilities has a number of significant limitations. The use of chemical scrubbers is advisable at the primary stage of air cleaning. Relatively low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the ventilation emissions of the wastewater treatment facilities at the relatively high concentrations of carbon dioxide result in an increase in the consumption of chemicals for second-order chemical reactions. In this case, significant operating and capital costs in the climatic conditions of Russia, except the southern regions, the operation complexity of the equipment, and the need for additional air cleaning using other methods should take into account.

Key words

wastewater , absorption , industrial methods of removing malodorous substances , hydrogen sulfide removal , chemical scrubbers , odor control

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UDC 628.3

Kalmykov A. A.

The use of energy efficient technologies of wastewater treatment: ways of solution and implementation problems
(to be discussed)

Summary

Currently in different Russian cities in the process of operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities designed and constructed in 1970-ies the problems often arise that are typical for many water and wastewater utilities in Russia. Ways of solving these problems in the process of upgrade are also typical and represent a package of measures that should be implemented on a branch basis. The potential of the advanced equipment and technologies that provide for improving the efficiency of the treatment facilities operation at significant energy saving as well as for solving the problems of upgrading treatment facilities under the conditions of tariff regulation and lack of competent professionals is presented.

Key words

treatment facilities , wastewater , energy efficiency , tariff regulation , equipment wearing

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UDC 628.356

Dorofeev A. G., KOZLOV M. N., Aseyeva V. G., Kevbrina M. V.

Causes and methods of control of foam formation in aeration tanks

Summary

The phenomenon of foam formation caused by the development of filamentous microorganisms is a common problem observed at the wastewater treatment facilities. Foam types, microorganisms responsible for activated sludge bulking and foaming are described. The causes stimulating mass growth of filamentous microorganisms in aeration tanks: high concentration of grease and oil products in wastewater, high sludge age and low concentration of dissolved oxygen in aerobic zones of aeration tanks have been analyzed. The experts of R&D Centre of «Mosvodokanal» OJSC developed the criteria of evaluating the number of filamentous nocardioformic actinomycetes in the process of microscopic investigation of the sample. The simple and practical method of quantitative determination of activated sludge filamentous microorganisms developed and used in «Mosvodokanal» OJSC is presented. Special attention is paid to the methods used in the world practice for prevention and elimination of foaming in aeration tanks: improvement of primary settling tanks operation, sludge age control, optimization of dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorination, the use of extractors, surface foam traps, anti-foaming agents, coagulants and polymers. The analysis of world practice gives evidences that methods of foam control shall be selected with account of the specific features of the technology used and parameters of incoming wastewater. Comprehensive measures including both short-term and long-term methods of foam control turn to be most efficient. In connection with global prevalence of foaming phenomenon at the biological municipal wastewater treatment facilities it seems appropriate to take into account the technical and technological means of foam elimination already at the stage of designing treatment facilities.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , foaming , filamentous bacteria , activated sludge bulking , anti-foaming agent

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UDC 628.356

Kharkina O. V.

Problems of designing biological treatment facilities with nitrogen and phosphorus removal

Summary

Ensuring the quality of effluent to the level of the most stringent regulatory requirements including the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies is the responsibility not only of engineering companies providing for professionally executed design solutions but also of the customers responsible for correctly compiled technical tasks, professional choice of effective technical and commercial proposals, competent operation of wastewater treatment facilities. The experience of operating wastewater treatment plants using nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies makes it possible to assert that in this case a professional approach to the selection of contractors and operation on the part of the customers and to the design on the part of the contractors ensures the required quality of effluent. The problems arising at the design stage of wastewater treatment facilities and the choice of technical and commercial proposals are considered. Recommendations for their solution are given. The article is intended both for the process engineers of engineering companies and for the customers of projects who find it difficult to correctly choose the most effective design solution from a large number of proposed technical and commercial proposals.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , sewerage treatment facilities , nitrogen and phosphorus , design and calculation of nutrient removal facilities

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UDC 628.35

Rublevskaya O. N., Lominoga O. A., Keish V. S., Protasovskii E. M.

The project of wastewater treatment facilities for Molodezhnoe Settlement of the Kurort District of Saint-Petersburg

Summary

The project of the wastewater treatment facilities for Molodezhnoe Settlement of the Kurort District of Saint-Petersburg is presented. The wastewater treatment facilities include: the main pumping station, a combined mechanical wastewater treatment unit, an equalizing tank, a bioreactor (aeration tank operating the technology of nitri-denitrification) for enhanced nitrogen removal, a membrane bioreactor, an effluent UV-disinfection plant, a screw press for excess activated sludge dewatering. Separation of activated sludge and effluent is provided by three blocks each containing 8 membrane filtration modules each with a capacity of 104 m³/day. In the given project the membrane bioreactor acts as a secondary settling tank and tertiary treatment facilities. To provide for enhanced phosphorus removal aluminium sulphate is dosed at the biological treatment stage. Disinfected effluent is discharged through the outfall into the Gulf of Finland. Dewatered excess activated sludge is transported by trucks to the sludge incineration plant of the Northern Wastewater Treatment Plant. Gas emissions generated in the process of wastewater treatment are cleaned in a sorption-plasmacatalytic unit and a biofilter. The technology designed in the project provides for enhanced treatment of wastewater and gas emissions resulting in the significant improvement of the environment in the Kurort District of Saint-Petersburg.

Key words

wastewater , membrane bioreactor , comminuting screens , combined mechanical treatment facilities , biological treatment plant , enhanced wastewater treatment , gas cleaning unit

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.03.06
UDC 628.358

Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Stepanov S. V., Levin D. I., Doubman I. S., Nikolaev Aleksei

Project for the reconstruction of the tertiary treatment plant
at the wastewater treatment facilities of the city of Samara

Summary

Design solutions implemented by «Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy» LLC on the reconstruction of the tertiary treatment plant of the Samara wastewater treatment facilities were considered and analyzed. The project provides for the chemical removal of phosphorus in addition to biological dephosphotation and filtration of effluents after biological treatment. The chemical phosphorus removal unit has been constructed as a building with a packaged plant inside for the preparation and dosing of aluminum sulfate solution; this layout provides for reducing the heating and ventilation costs of the chemical treatment facilities. The chemical agent is added at twelve points in the sludge mixture flow at the outlet of each aeration tank. The calculated concentration of phosphorus as phosphate in the effluent is 0.2 mg/l; the annual consumption of marketable coagulant is 1545 tons; the purchase unit cost is 0.15 rubles/m³. Tertiary treatment by filtration has been ensured by the reconstruction of eight circular settling tanks with a diameter of 54 m into settler-filters with floating media. Herewith, no construction of new buildings and utilities is required. The calculated concentration of suspended solids in the effluent is 4 mg/l, BOD_full – 3 mg l. The specific energy consumption for the operation of filters with floating media is
0.57 Wh/m³, the cost of electricity – 0.0022 rubles/m³.

Key words

wastewater , sewerage treatment facilities , aftertreatment , chemical phosphorus removal , filter with floating media

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UDC 628.166.085

Shuvalov M. V., Kirsanov A. A., Shuvalov S. V., Boldenkov V. S.

Designing and Construction of UV-Disinfection Stations at Objects of ME Samaravodokanal

Summary

Advantages of the UV-disinfection technology of natural and waste water in comparison with chlorination and ozonation are considered. According to the results of technological research and experimental-industrial tests it is established that the application of UV-irradiation at the stage of primary disinfection will make it possible to create conditions for the adjustment of the flow chart of chlorination with the decrease of the doses of chlorine used. Specialists of ME Samaravodokanal in cooperation with employees of the Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal Chair of the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering and Scientific-Production Company EKOS Ltd. have developed the project documentation for construction of UV-disinfection stations at two largest objects of water supply and wastewater disposal of Samara, pumping-filter stations.

Key words

wastewater , ultra-violet disinfecting , pumping-filtration station , natural water

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UDC 628.3.001.2

Ponomarev V. G., Oulanovsky Ya. B., Korolyov M. A.

Designing wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

An approach to the selection of industrial wastewater treatment technologies and design calculations is considered. The authors analyzed the advanced design solutions with specifying their drawbacks and mistakes often made. The process solutions used in installations made by Stroyengineering LLC and practically approved during the onsite operation are described.

Key words

settling , treatment facilities , wastewater , flotation , filter bed

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UDC 628.35:661.63.001.42

KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A., KAZAKOVA E. A., Khramenkov S. V., Pakhomov A. V.

Industrial tests of biological and chemical phosphorus removal at the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

The results of industrial-scale testing of combined biological and chemical phosphorus removal technology with the addition of ferric chloride at the Lyubersty wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The process of eliminating phosphorus from the municipal wastewater low in organics is unstable. During the experiment high level of phosphate removal (to 0.2 mg/l) was reached on retention of high efficiency removal of other pollutants. The use of ferric chloride does not influence the efficiency of biological nitrogen removal; however, the efficiency of phosphorus removal decreased a little. The recommendations were developed on using biological and chemical method of phosphorus removal as a temporary measure to provide for the required quality of effluent during high phosphorus load.

Keywords

wastewater , phosphorous , ferric chloride , biologic and chemical technology