Tag:wastewater

№3-1|2013

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.345.9

Sizykh M. R., Batoyeva А. А., Timofeyeva S. S.

Local treatment of dye-finishing works wastewater

Summary

The high efficiency of using galvanochemical method for local treatment of dyeing and finishing works wastewater is presented. The comparative analysis of galvanic coagulation and traditional coagulation with ferric salts used for azo dyes waste treatment allowed to define that the treatment efficiency in terms of the iron dosage introduced is higher in the process of galvanic coagulation than in the process of chemical coagulation. It is caused by the different mechanisms of chemical and electrochemical coagulation. The process flow chart was developed and offered for local treatment of wastewater of woolskin dyeing with direct and acid dyes.

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№12|2013

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT

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UDC 628.32.004.1

Boichenko A. A., Gokov I. N., Miasoedov A. IU., Syrnikov E. V.

Local treatment facilities of the Belgorod Abrasive Plant OJSC

Summary

In the process of developing local treatment facilities at the Belgorod Abrasive Plant the experts of EkoTON Company used integrated multi-factor approach with exploratory design and adjustment of the facilities to provide for assured efficient wastewater treatment. Carrying our exploratory experimental design was motivated by developing an optimal process flow scheme of the local treatment facilities with account of the set of interrelated factors that determine both process and economic efficiency of their operation. As a result of the survey a process flow scheme was suggested that ensured meeting the standard effluent quality for discharge into the public sewer. The process flow scheme of the Belgorog abrasive plant wastewater treatment is described in details; the expediency of using EKOTON advanced equipment – flotation unit and MDQ screw dehydrator is proved. On the basis of experimental data on raw wastewater and effluent quality the efficiency of treatment was calculated and the parameters required to choose the optimal operation mode of the local treatment facilities were determined. The measurement results showed that the wastewater treatment efficiency has been permanent for the entire period of observing the initial pollution concentrations. This fact gives evidence of the correct choice of the process flow scheme with account of the operating schedule of the plant, pollution form etc. The high efficiency (to 98.2%) of reducing the concentration of grease, oils and oil products proves the optimal chemical dosages and efficient wastewater treatment in the flotation unit. The flocculant consumption is less than 25 kg per month as dry matter at the wastewater flow rate to 6200 m3 per month.

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№10|2011

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:661.5.63

KOZLOV M. N., Moyzhes O. V., Nikolaev Yu. A., GRACHEV V. A., Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Aseyeva V. G.

M-Defanox – multisludge system of nutrient removal

Summary

M-Defanox new technology was developed for the treatment of municipal wastewater low in organics. The method is based on the use of three sludge types and dephosphorization under anoxic conditions. The technology provides for the efficient utilization of organics in biological treatment process and ensures 99% nitrogen removal, 80% phosphorus elimination, 80% COD removal and 95% BOD removal.

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№10|2012

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:661.5.63

KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A., GRACHEV V. A., Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Moizhes S. I.

M-Defanox – efficient technology of biological phosphorus removal from wastewater

Summary

Energy efficient technology of removing nutrients from wastewater that requires minimum amount of organics has been developed in Mosvodokanal MPUE. M-Defanox technology is based on the oxidation of maximum available organic matter in the process of denitrification with the use of dephosphating-denitrifying bacteria. In the process of experimental tests in the laboratory-scale reactor the efficiency of nitrogen removal was 99%, phosphorus removal – 86%, COD – 80%, BOD – 95%. The technology can sustain acute fluctuations of incoming pollutants. The results of pilot tests showed 99% efficiency of ammonia nitrogen removal and 85% efficiency of phosphate-phosphorus removal. The use of M-Defanox technology provided for 50% reduction of disposed excess activated sludge.

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№7|2020

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.07.07
UDC 628.356.5

Kevbrina M. V., Novikov S. N.

Method of analyzing the operation of secondary settlers with the purpose of the optimization (for the discussion)

Summary

According to the results of laboratory tests on determining the sedimentation rate of sludge mixture particles in aeration tanks of wastewater treatment facilities, the curves of the gravitational mass flow, calculated in two ways, were plotted. Through the example of sludge mixture in the experimental aeration tank at the Lyuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow, a method for analyzing the operation of secondary settlers State Point Analysis, based on the theory of mass flows, is presented. This method provides for estimating the operation of secondary settlers with the purpose of making an operational decision to optimize their operation. «Dry matter load on the surface of secondary settlers» indicator is proposed to be introduced into the practice of operating secondary settlers as another tool for the control of their operation. This parameter shows the amount of dry matter of the sludge mixture in the aeration tanks that is supplied per unit surface of the secondary settlers per hour, and corresponds to the incoming mass flow. The dependence of the concentration of suspended solids in the effluent on the dry matter load and sludge index is given. By changing the dry matter load on the surface of the secondary settlers the standard quality of effluent in terms of suspended solids can be ensured.

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№04|2015

WATER QUALITY CONTROL

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UDC 628.1.033

NEFEDOVA E. D., Mel'tser A. V., Kiselev A. V., Gvozdev V. A., Kuz'mina T. N., Erastova N. V., Denisova A. L.

The method of integral estimation of drinking water safety (experience of use in SUE «St. Petersburg Vodokanal»)

Summary

Supplying safety drinking water to the population is a main task of the state policy focused on the public health protection. The quality of water consumed day-to-day has a significant effect on the human health. The existing methods of estimating the quality of drin­king water reduce mainly to the comparison of actual chemical concentrations with the hygienic regulations. This approach does not provide for determining possible risk for human health. The developed method of integral estimation of drinking water safety based on the calculation of an integrated estimated figure takes into account the differently directed impact of the substances producing toxic, carcinogenic and olfactory-reflex effects. The given calculation is based on the method of health risk assessment. The sequence of determining the integral indicator of drinking water safety involves the integration of values that specify carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks as well as the risk of olfactory-reflex (organoleptic) effects. To solve this problem some models of risk assessment as applied to the indicators of organoleptic effect were developed. The estimation of the total risk of organoleptic effects is made by selecting its maximum value from the entire set of values. To estimate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks nonthreshold models based on probability calculations of harmful effect progression are used. The method will provide for studying more thoroughly possible negative effect related to drinking water consumption; improving the mechanisms of drinking water quality estimation; upgrading industrial control programs and social-hygienic monitoring; establishing the priority of activities aimed at water treatment improvement which in the long run will contribute to minimizing possible risk for public health.

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№6|2016

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

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UDC 628.3:62-192

Karmazinov F. V., PANKOVA G. A., Mikhailov D. M., IGNATCHIK V. S., Ignatchik S. Iu., Kuznetsova N. V.

Method of evaluating the amount of emergency wastewater discharges into the environment

Summary

The method of evaluating the amounts of emergency discharges of wastewater into the environment caused by the overrun of wastewater inflow over the capacity of the sewage pumping stations resulted from the emergency shutdown of pumps or inflow of off-nominal wastewater flow is presented. The results of studying failure and restoration flows of the pumping equipment in the combined sewers are presented together with the algorithms of reliability assessment by analytical method and Monte-Carlo simulation method. The use of the developed method of evaluating the amounts of emergency discharges of wastewater into the environment provides for substantia­ting the solutions at the stage of project documentation development that meet the requirements of the legislative and regulatory documents in the field of water supply, wastewater disposal and environmental protection. The indicators of reliability and environmental safety (probability of flooding of the sewers transporting wastewater to the pumping stations when wastewater is discharged into the environment) variate not only depending on the failure-free performance and maintainability indicators but also depending on the state of the sewage pumping station during the initial period of operation. For this reason one of the ways of improving these indicators at sewage pumping stations is timely execution capital and regular repairs of pumps.

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№5|2018

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.54:622.765.431.5

Antonova E. S.

Method of designing a double-chamber flotation machine
with an aeration ejection system with dispersant

Summary

A double-chamber flotation machine with an ejection system with a dispersant is considered. It is demonstrated that the use of a dispersant provides for the multimodal distribution of bubble sizes characterized by several groups. The importance of the correct choice of the process time as one of the most important parameters for the flotation unit design is noted. The method of calculating a double-chamber flotation machine with an ejection system with a dispersant with due account for the specific features of the bubble size distribution and hydrodynamic situation in chambers is proposed. The method of calculating the process time is based on the use of multistage flotation model that presents the distribution of bubbles into several groups depending on the size. The hydrodynamic situation in the chambers is taken into account by the use of equations for perfect-mixing and plug-flow reactors. The calculation of a double-chamber flotation machine with an ejection system with a dispersant for the purification of carwash wastewater was carried out. The results of calculating the parameters of the aeration system, process constants, flotation time and specific geometrical parameters of the flotation machine are presented. The presented case study demonstrates the possible use of the given method for designing the proposed flotation unit.

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№12|2021

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.12.06
UDC 628.33

Kalachev D. A., Wolfgang Branner

Mechanical treatment of wastewater

Summary

The selection of equipment for mechanical wastewater treatment is an important stage in the reconstruction or new construction of the treatment facilities that determines their efficiency and reliability in terms of the technology and operation. The examples of the currently widespread technical solutions for designing filtering cloth of the screens for mechanical wastewater treatment are given. The effectiveness of these solutions is compared. On the basis of studying wastewater treatment facilities in Germany, a comparison of the debris retention efficiency depending on the applied filtration grade, i. e., two-dimensional (perforation) and one-dimensional (bar spacing) is presented.

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№11|2016

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT

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UDC 628.24

PANKOVA G. A., Klementyev M. N.

Mobile diagnostic package for the inspection of tunnel sewers

Summary

To maintain the wastewater disposal systems in proper working order and prevent from emergency situations regular inspections of tunnel sewers shall be carried out. For safety considerations technical inspections are usually carried out at night when the tunnel fill is minimal. However, there are sections that are difficult to inspect because of almost complete fill and impossibility of their temporary cutoff. It is impossible to guarantee detecting all the defects in the tunnel submersed section inspected. This predetermined the necessity of the systematic approach to efficient and comprehensive monitoring of the technical state of tunnel sewers; to the development and introduction of an automated system with the use of advanced hardware environment, numerical procedures and information systems. The mobile diagnostic package for the inspection of tunnel sewers developed by the experts of St. Petersburg Vodokanal is described. The presented equipment provides for obtaining reliable information on the state of both the above-water and submersed parts of the sewers. Inspection is carried out without cutting off sewers; at that the presence of workers in the tunnel is not necessary. The equipment is installed on the truck chassis. The mobile diagnostic package provides for building up the data base of the tunnel sewer state; determining maintenance and repair priorities.

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№9|2016

POWER RESOURCES CONSERVATION

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UDC 628.355

Gogina Elena, Gul’shin I. A.

Simulation of energy efficient biological wastewater treatment process in a circulation oxidation ditch

Summary

In the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering comprehensive work is carried out in the field of simulating energy efficient wastewater treatment processes in circulation oxidation ditches. Notably, process flow schemes of removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater at low dissolved oxygen concentrations are considered. The study is aiming at the determination of optimal process modes of biomass activity under different conditions in the course of implementing experimental schemes. The summarized results of the second stage of the comprehensive study of energy efficient wastewater treatment in circulation oxidation ditches are presented: the efficiency dependency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification at variable oxygen regimen has been determined, the mechanism of biomass adaptation and specific features of biomass bringing to the operating regime has been studied. The experimental plant model is described that provides for considering not only biochemical but also more detailed hydraulic specific features of the experimental process.

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№2|2014

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35.004.69

Dzenis Lech, Gogina Elena, Gurinovich A.i D.

Small-scale treatment facilities upgrade using SBR technology

Summary

The issues of wastewater treatment facilities reconstruction with the use of sequencing batch reactor (SBR-cyclic reactor) are considered. Regulations for effluent discharge into water bodies of different purpose significantly differ in the Russian Federation and European Union. However, the experience of European countries in the field of wastewater treatment facilities upgrade is of great interest and can be used on the territory of Russia with some changes in the process flow diagram. The description of the process in a cyclic SBR is presented. The operation cycle of a typical reactor used for wastewater treatment is described. By the example of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities with different capacities in Poland the capabilities of reconstructing different types of facilities with batch reactor retrofit are shown. The example of converting a double-deck settling basin into a cyclic reactor is given. The capacity of the facilities in this case is not used in full. Therefore, if needed the output of the wastewater treatment facilities can be increased. The second example shows the upgrade of the rectangular biological treatment unit of the wastewater plant. The third example presents the reconstruction of a septic tank that was equipped with the systems of wastewater aeration, mixing, feeding and removal. The information on the equipment used in the process of converting various tanks into the batch reactor is quoted. The basic design parameters of a SBR are presented. The quality parameters of wastewater treatment in SBRs conform to the EC standards for effluent discharge into water bodies.

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№3|2014

VODOKANALS OF RUSSIA

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UDC 628.312.004.69

Petrushin I. N., Kobiakova N. V., Rouzayev V. I., Belyaeva S. D., Kuznetsov D. A., Sedykh T. N., Androsova E. I.

Upgrading the wastewater treatment facilities  of the Istra city and Istra Area

Summary

The necessity for the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facilities of the Istra city and minor wastewater treatment facilities operated by MUE «Istrinskii Vodokanal» of the Istra Area was stipulated by stringent requirements to the effluent quality that were not possible to meet at the existing facilities, and also by the actual wastewater flow increase and equipment wear. The reconstruction provides for the introduction of modern equipment and advanced technologies of wastewater treatment and sludge handling while making maximal use of the existing buildings and facilities. The maximum amount of work was carried out during reconstructing biological treatment line of the Istra wastewater treatment facilities. The project includes allocating nitrification-denitrification zones in the aeration tank and replacing the outdated aeration system with a system with disk fine-bubble membrane aerators. To improve the operation efficiency of the biological treatment facilities and reduce power consumption advanced air blowers were installed. Tertiary treatment facilities were upgraded; drum screens were replaced with microscreen filters. To solve the problem of sludge utilization the composting technology is being developed. Booster pumping stations were upgraded with installing power-operated grinding screens. The project of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities of Dedovsk town (20,000 m3/day) and Obushkovo village was designed. In 2008 the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facilities of Snegiri holiday home was completed. The design of the biological treatment facilities making use of the biolfilter building and two sections of percolating biofilters proved to be an interesting engineering solution. At present the step-by-step reconstruction with capacity increase of the wastewater treatment facilities in Pavlovskoe and Onufrievo settlements, and Rozhdestveno village is underway. The entire project is implemented by the specialists of the Istra Vodokanal in cooperation with BIFAR Scientific-Production Firm that has developed the basic process solutions and design documentation.

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№3-1|2013

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35

Zalyotova N. A., Zalyotov S. V.

CONTUS® modular system for wastewater treatment

Summary

CONTUS® turnkey modular system for domestic wastewater treatment operating at an industrial enterprise is described. Shipping container 1CC is used as a module. Depending on the configuration MS CONTUS® units ensure the required quality of effluent up to the level corresponding to the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies. The technology includes biological treatment with suspended and fixed microflora and a «dry» biological polishing filter. Elements of different size made of synthetic floating material are used as a media for immobilized microflora. The treatment processes and structural assemblies of the unit are protected with a patent. The industrial-scale operation of CONTUS® modular system proves its high efficiency and reliability.

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№8|2013

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:62-278

Stepanov S. V., Stepanov A. S., Stashok Yu. E., Blinkova L. A.

Modular membrane bioreactors

Summary

The advantages of membrane bioreactors over traditional wastewater biological treatment facilities are shown; the perspective areas of their use are presented. The basic principles of designing membrane bioreactors are given. The engineering designs and specific features of low capacity membrane bioreactors with submerged hollow fiber membranes are considered.

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№7|2010

PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES

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UDC 628.22:532.542

Chupin V. R., Melekhov E. S., Chupin R. V.

Pressure Movement of Flows in Gravity Manifolds

Summary

A new approach to the design of water disposal systems based on their simulation with hydraulic chains with unrecorded withdrawals and inflows of runoffs is offered. It makes it possible, on one hand, to determine the presence of counterflows in the network, possible effusions of flows on the ground surface, volumes of runoffs running out, carrying capacity of a water disposal system and, on the other hand, to simulate various conditions of flow transportation with due regard for possible cloggings, encrustation of pipes and other violations which can occur during the operation.

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№5|2014

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35:661.5

Kevbrina M. V., Gavrilin A. M., Kozlov I. M.

The new form of pre-fermentation process arrangement for removing nutrients from wastewater

Summary

The concentration of readily available organic matter determines the process stability of biological phosphorus removal from wastewater. The low value of this parameter is typical for municipal wastewater in Moscow. Raw wastewater sludge pre-fermentation (acidofication) is one of the methods of increasing the readily available organic matter fraction. A new arrangement of pre-fermentation process has been implemented in the industrial-scale aeration tanks of the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities operating after the process flow scheme of the University of Cape Town (UCT). Compared to the traditional pre-fermentation process flow scheme taking place in a primary settling tank or reactor prefermenter the process is arranged in the first anaerobic zone of the aeration tank. Here, in the absence of mixed liquor mixing, a thickened layer of activated sludge is formed accompanied by pre-fermentation of organic matter sorbed onto sludge. Meanwhile the anaerobic zone carries on its main function in the treatment process related to biological phosphorus release by means of phosphate accumulating bacteria consuming volatile fatty acids. Increasing the concentration of volatile fatty acids in mixed liquor in anaerobic zone by means of pre-fermentation stabilizes phosphate removal from processed wastewater. Arranging pre-fermentation process in the first corridor of the aeration tank is more advanced and cost-effective compared to the traditional process arrangement in settlers-prefermenters owing to saving expenditures on mixing and eliminating construction or upgrade of additional tanks (prefermenters, settling tanks).

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№1|2010

ABROAD

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UDC 628.336.004.14

Chernov V. B., Sushinski A.

New Directions of Waste-Free Technique of Utilization of Wastewater Sludge

Summary

The foreign experience of waste-free technique of utilization of wastewater sludge with its use as alternative fuel for cement works on the example of a plant in the city of Karlstadt (Bavaria) is presented.

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№04|2015

LAWS, STANDARDS, NORMATIVES

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УДК [628.1.033+628.3]:658.562

Gnipov A. V., Mazaev V. T., Khromchenko Ya. L.

On the control of drinking water quality and wastewater composition reflected in the RF new regulations

Summary

Some critical comments to 416-FZ Federal Law «On water supply and wastewater disposal» of December 7, 2011 are presented. It is noted that the statutory wording can be often liable to differing interpretations of the most important provisions whereas the regulations adopted in furtherance of the law are not associated with the holistic view of the problem. The control and supervision aspect of water supply and wastewater disposal is considered that has been regulated by the new RF enactments. «The rules of operational control of the drinking water, hot water quality and safety» approved by RF Government Decree No. 10 of January 6, 2015 are discussed. Some concerns are voiced that a common limited list of indicators for all the public water supply systems will be established which can result in formalistic development and approval of the programs of water quality and safety operational control; in the lack of proper quality surveillance. It will cause serious degradation of the situation with drinking water in Russia. In relation to the problem of the composition and properties of wastewater discharged into public sewers it is shown that all the customer categories irrespective of the discharged wastewater amount shall carry our routine operational control of the composition and properties of wastewater (independently and at their own expense), and submit the results to the water services company. The company, in its turn, will check the conformity of the submitted information with the actual data («The rules of using public water and wastewater systems in the Russian Federation», paragraph 65). 416-FZ Federal Law and the documents adopted on its basis compared to the previous acting statutory enactments will be a step backwards in relation to the procedure of operational control of drinking water quality, wastewater composition and properties as well as the safety of the mentioned water environment.

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№10|2017

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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UDC 628.35

SHVETSOV V. N.

On the criticism of the NII VODGEO method of designing
biological wastewater treatment facilities with nutrients removal

Summary

The analysis of the critical notes published in the article by Ph. D. (Engineering) D. A. Danilovich and Engineer A. N. Epov «Comparative analysis of the methods of designing biological wastewater treatment facilities with nitrogen removal» in which the opponents make the following statements: the NII VODGEO method is «manual» and simplified, cannot be considered as mathematical model; the specific nitrification rate parameter cannot be used in calculations; the effect of temperature and other factors are not taken into account; «simplified» equations of enzyme kinetics cannot be used for nitrification-denitrification processes because of the inadmissible distortions under the impact of factors that these equations do not take into account; sludge age is determined by the effluent quality regardless of the pollutant concentration in the incoming wastewater; in sludge growth calculations sludge age shall be used; the residual concentration of a substance (in effluent) does not depend on its initial concentration; aeration tank calculations shall be based on sludge age is presented. Based on the detailed analysis of the comments and statements of the opponents their inconsistency and lack of proof is shown. It is proved that not a single substantial fact damaging the NII VODGEO method has been mentioned in the article, and the conclusions made by the authors are unfounded and unsubstantiated. The conclusion is made that the availability of a reliable and approved national calculation method will provide for restricting the unsubstantiated use of inadequate, untested calculation methods; eliminating unjustified construction and upgrade overpricing, uncontrolled engaging of untested foreign inventions in the projects; reducing the level of corruption in this field; implementing correctly the developed best available technologies in domestic practice. It is noted that up to now the calculation method included in SNiP 2.04.03-85 has been the only opportunity for the experts to design and control the facilities for municipal and industrial wastewater biological treatment. Consequently, improving and updating a universal, scientifically grounded and field-proven domestic method of designing the facilities for municipal and industrial wastewater biological treatment with regard to the nutrients removal has been a crucial and pending task. The attention is called to the need of urgent restoration of the expert competency, the revival of the Russian scholarly traditions on the basis of the immense scientific and practical capacity established by our predecessors.

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