bbk 000000

UDC 628.16.067.1:66.081.63

Strelkov A. K., Baranov A. V., Tsabilev O. V., Efanov I. A.

Evaluating the efficiency of hollow fiber membrane use in wash water treatment

Summary

Urban development dictates the necessity of increasing the output of water treatment facilities which requires the maximum operation of all the pumping filtration stations. In this respect reusing treated wash water for utility and drinking purposes will provide for eliminating water shortage and reducing environmental pressure on water bodies. The task of increasing the capacity of pumping filtration station No. 2 in Samara is very urgent. River water purification is carried out following the single-stage scheme in contact clarifiers. In view of the specific features of the clarification process such scheme does not allow increasing the station capacity by optimization of filtering media selection. The use of baromembrane processes – microfiltration and ultrafiltration – can be an alternative that will provide for the sustainable parame­ters of the treatment quality. These methods find fairly wide use in river water treatment at small-scale facilities either as independent processes or as part of comprehensive process solutions. The process of wash water of pumping filtration station No. 2 purification that operated according to the single-stage flow scheme with the use of hollow fiber membrane was studied. The main trends and possibilities of retrofitting the new process flow scheme were considered. The results of preliminary testing a pilot unit on the basis of the hollow fiber membrane element are given. The evaluation of the received filtrate quality proves its possible use for utility and drinking purposes. The membrane unit concentrate in significantly less amount can be discharged to the wastewater treatment facilities or processed to separate and dewater the sludge.

Key words

water treatment , membrane , ultrafiltration , pumping-filtration station , microfiltration , wash water , pilot plant

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.06.01
UDC 628.161.2:926.214:66.021.2.081.3

Alekseev S. E., Korsa-Vavilova E. V., Shmelev A. Ia.

Estimation of the effectiveness of ozone use in the purification of heavily contaminated water supply sources

Summary

Sources of drinking water supply (the Velikaia, Volga, Vychegda, Kotorosl’, Limenda, Solda, Severnaia Dvina, Tom’ and Tura rivers) are characterized by increased concentrations of organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin. The traditional technology of two-stage water clarification by coagulation in terms of the efficiency, in this case, is not applicable to the quality of the source water; as a result, by some indicators, drinking water periodically does not meet the current standard requirements. It is especially difficult to ensure the permissible maximum concentrations of organic substances in drinking water, as well as of compounds of iron, manganese and residual aluminum. To provide for the purification of such water, additional oxidation and sorption methods have been studied. The research results showed that preliminary ozonation of river water and (or) post-ozonation of water after filtration at a water treatment plant provide for increasing the efficiency of purification in terms of color, turbidity, removal of iron and manganese compounds; for reducing the concentration of residual aluminum, and improving the organoleptic characteristics. Sorption with ozonation significantly improves the quality of treated water and allows to ensure the permissible level of organic pollutants in drinking water.

Key words

potable water , ozonization , sorption , water treatment , permanganate oxidizability , manganese removal

bbk 000000

UDC 628.161.2/.3

Pokhil Yu. N., Oskolkov N. V., Bogdanov B. A., Mamaev V. V., Artemenok N. D., Borovkov M. L.

Purification of high-color low turbid water in the city of Kuibyshev, Novosibirsk Region

Summary

Drinking water has been an essential factor in shaping public health and living standards. Water quality is one of the priorities in the activities of the state sanitary and epidemiological service and municipal authorities. The reasons for the unsatisfactory purification of surface high-color low-turbid water at the water treatment facilities are considered. A new process flow scheme of two-stage water purification at the pumping station site of the city of Kuibyshev, Novosibirsk Region, providing the required quality of water with a design capacity has been developed. A full range of commissioning works was carried out with the determination of the process parameters of the facilities and development of the required documentation (standard operating procedures, flow charts, monitoring instructions, operating instructions). The clear organizational management, involvement of qualified specialists, introduction of effective methods, technologies and chemicals provided for solving the problem of bringing the quality of water purification of the Om River to the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 «Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality in public drinking water supply systems. Quality control. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the safety of hot water supply systems» in all parameters. The experience of solving the problems of purification of high-color low-turbid water of the Om River in the city of Kuibyshev, Novosibirsk Region is presented.

Key words

reagent , chromaticity , water treatment , horizontal settling tank , chlororganic compounds , surface water supply source , ground water source

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16.081:628.161.2

Seliukov Aleksandr, Raff P. A., Semenov Mikhail, Mishina T. F.

Pilot testing the technology of low-turbid colored water conditioning in the process of two-stage filtration

Summary

The results of the pilot tests of the technology of low-turbid colored water conditioning by two-stage filtration are presented. The tests were carried out to specify the parameters of the technology being developed and to determine the effectiveness of water purification of the Zeya River (Amur Region) with a view to its use in domestic and industrial water supply of the designed industrial facility. During the test period the river water was characterized by low temperature (3.5–7.5 °С), low pH values (6.5–6.7) and alkalinity (0.4–0.5 mg-eq/dm³) with color up to 80 degrees. To specify the chemical dosages preliminary (laboratory) tests were carried out. It was established that the treatment of river water with sodium hypochlorite provided for a noticeable bleaching effect – up to 40%. However, increasing the oxidizer dosage to more than 10 g/m³ is ineffective. At the specified river water color the dosage of chemical can be set within 5–7 g/m³. Owing to low alkalinity values it is recommended to alkalize water with soda ash at an optimal dose of 6 g/m³. According to the results of the test chemical treatment of water the preference was given to Aqua-Aurat™30 coagulant at doses of 35–40 g/m³. By comparison of the flocculants of Praestol group, Praestol 650TR showed the best results at doses of 0.1–0.15 g/m³. Pilot tests of purifying Zeya river water proved the high efficiency of the two-stage filtration technology (contact prefilter + rapid filter). The use of Aqua-Aurat™30 coagulant in combination with Praestol 650TR flocculant ensured the standard quality of drinking water, as well as the quality required for industrial water supply of the designed industrial facility.

Key words

sodium hypochlorite , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , low-turbid colored river water , two-stage clarification , soda ash

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16

Pokhil Yu. N., Bagaev Iurii, Novoshintsev V. N.

Preparation of high quality water in the city of Novosibirsk

Summary

The current concept of water treatment is based on the simultaneous sustainable use of several methods, technologies and technical solutions that provide for the high water quality and multibarrier protection. Such approach is implemented at the filtration pumping stations operated by «Gorvodokanal» of Novosibirsk, MUE. Water treatment is carried out following the traditional flow scheme: horizontal settling tanks and rapid filters with chlorine disinfection. Lately the water treatment technology has been improved according to the new regulatory requirements and on the basis of the conducted research. The stages of improving water treatment technologies at the filtration pumping stations operated by «Gorvodokanal» of Novosibirsk, MUE are described. The availability of several technologies and technical solutions focused on ensuring the epidemiological safety and high water quality in the process flow scheme not only makes this scheme exclusively sustainable and versatile but also minimizes the drawbacks typical for each of the methods. The introduction of the described technologies and technical solutions provided for achieving the maximum efficiency of water treatment, optimizing the operation expenses, reducing the negative by-effects and ensuring high drinking water quality. In case of emergency (in case of water source pollution) the availability of several technologies will help to reduce the risks of water quality deterioration at the treatment facilities.

Key words

ultra-violet disinfecting , water treatment , pumping-filtration station , chlorammoniation , innovative technical developments , multibarrier protection

bbk 000000

UDC 546.62:54-36+661.862.23

Mayorov D. V., Korovin V. N., Mikhailova O. B.

Preparation of aluminium hydroxychlorosulfates based on its sulfate salts

Summary

The results of studies on the synthesis of aluminum hydroxochlorosulfates based on active aluminum hydroxosulfate obtained by the method of low-temperature solid-phase synthesis using (NH₄)2SO₄∙Al2(SO₄)₃∙24H₂O and gaseous NH₃ as starting components are given. The process of interaction of aluminum hydroxosulfate with HCl solutions was studied. By the method of test coagulation it was established that the coagulation ability of aluminum hydroxochlorosulfate sample with a basicity of 2/3 is 10–15% higher compared to solutions of oxychloride and aluminum oxysulfate of the same basicity in the process of removing Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ ions from water. At the same time its use provides for reducing the consumption of coagulant without impairing the efficiency of removing impurities from water. Besides it was shown that with the use of aluminum hydroxosulfate the sedimentation rate of flocs formed during the coagulation process is 5–10% higher compared to aluminum oxychloride and oxysulfate. This chemical can be used for the purification of both industrial and municipal wastewater.

Key words

water treatment , water treatment , ammonia alum , aluminum hydroxosulfate , hydrochloric acid , aluminium hydroxychlorosulfate

Скачать/download (PDF) free access

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.05.07
UDC 691.215.1:691.5:628.544

Kamarou Maksim, Romanovskii Valentin

Production of synthetic gypsum from water treatment wastes, i. e., incompletely burned lime

Summary

Synthetic gypsum is a material that is produced in the process of sulfuric acid interacting with carbonate-containing materials. It is a promising analogue of natural gypsum for those countries that do not have deposits of natural gypsum stone. Synthetic gypsum produced on the basis of incompletely burned lime, can be attributed to the first grade of gypsum; however, there are significant differences from natural gypsum confirmed by the results of differential thermal analysis. The main peaks of the effects are shifted down by 30–50°C owing to the higher reactivity of the synthesized material. In the production of synthetic gypsum, a by-product is generated, i. e., a filtrate that contains salts (sulfates) of sodium, potassium, magnesium, which opens up the possibility of using it as a complex micro fertilizer.

Key words

water treatment , incompletely burned lime , synthetic gypsum , micro fertilizer

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16.094.413.094.3

Arutyunova I. Yu., Kalashnikova O. B.

The use of preammonization and primary chlorination in the process of the Moskva River water purification

Summary

The use of preammonization and primary chlorination for the purification of water from the Moskva River source is discussed. Two water purification process designs are suggested. The results of laboratory studies of temporal dynamics of chloroform formation and maximum efficiency of chloroform concentration reduction at various modes of preammonization and primary chlorination are presented. Comparative evaluation of chloroform formation intensity in the process of water purification with the use of preammonization and primary chlorination versus traditional water treatment process is given. A reliable operational benefit was obtained that provided for meeting the standard for permissible amount of chloroform in drinking water as well as the basic chemical and microbiologic parameters of the required water quality.

Key words

water treatment , chloroform , preammonization and primary chlorination

bbk 000000

UDC 628.166.094.3

FESENKO L. N., Skryabin A. Yu., Breus S. A., Pchel'nikov I. V.

Field tests of drinking water disinfection by direct electrolysis

Summary

The results of studying direct electrolysis of natural underground water with the purpose of determining possible production of low concentration sodium hypochlorite for drinking water disinfection before supplying it to the residents of Grushevskaia village of the Aksaisk District, Rostov Area are presented. The use of natural surface or underground water as electrolyte provides for eliminating the stage of artificial chloride solution making; that will simplify the technology of disinfectant production at the point of application and reduce the operation expenses. The studies were carried out in a full-scale plant in two directions: determination of the optimal parameters of the flow-through electrolyzer; determination of the lifetime of electrodes. The results of the full-scale studies confirmed possible disinfection of chloride-containing natural water (chloride concentrations 200–233 mg/dm3) by direct electrolysis. The process parameters of the electrolyzer operation with underground fresh water were determined: current density; water flow to the elect­rolyzer (flow rate); the time of electrode operation as an anode and as a cathode. The optimal composition of electrode coating was determined: in ruthenium –iridium oxide coating the weight ratio of Ru to Ir was 20:80. The use of iridium in the coating effects the formation of active chlorine and the electrode lifetime. The presence of ruthenium in the oxide layer in 20:80 weight ratio to iridium increases the anode lifetime tenfold (up to 4000 hours) compared to the anode without iridium.

Key words

potable water , disinfection , water treatment , direct electrolysis , electrolyzer , low-concentrated sodium hypochlorite

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16:62-278

Pervov A. G., Andrianov A. P., Gorbunova T. P.

Development of Membrane Techniques with Reduced Water Consumption for Own Needs

Summary

Issues of the improvement of membrane techniques used in water treatment for the reduction of consumption of a concentrate at reverse osmosis plants and wash water at ultrafiltration units are considered. A change in the design of the membrane canal makes it possible to eliminate the causes of formation of sediment’s crystals. New techniques of water treatment with utilization of the concentrate and reduction of water consumption for own needs are proposed.

Key words:

filtrate , water treatment , concentrate , membrane , reverse osmosis , ultrafiltration

UDC 543.31
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.01.03

Dzhabbarly B. R.

Development of a method for the online estimation of the permanganate index of water entering water treatment facilities

Summary

The paper dwells upon the development of a method for the online estimation of the quality of water supplied to water treatment facilities. A composite index is proposed co-charactering both the input parameter of the indirect estimation of water quality and the permanganate index. It is shown that the proposed composite index has a minimum from the Raman scattering signal. The magnitude of Raman scattering is calculated upon the composite index reaches a minimum. It is shown that the permanganate index can be represented as a sum of two components, where the first component is determined by fluorescent radiation, and the second one by the previously calculated optimal value of the Raman radiation. An extrapolation method for determining DOM or CDOM with a known value of one of these indices is proposed based on the linear relationship constructed between them.

Key words

water treatment , permanganate oxidizability , organic substances , fluorescent radiation , extrapolation

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16.067.3.004.67

Rodin N. V., Troshkova E. A., Grigoruk A. N., Bychkov D. A.

Reconstruction of rapid sand filters at the Velizhany water treatment facilities of Tumen

Summary

The city of Tumen is supplied with drinking water from two water sources – surface and underground. The complex of Metelevskii water intake and treatment facilities with a capacity of 150 thousand m3/day was built in 1981. The Velizhany water treatment facilities with a capacity of 128 thousand m3/day of drinking water were built in 1970-ies. The need for not simply repair but for the reconstruction of the facilities with improving the reliability of the treatment process was stipulated by the growing water deficiency in a rapidly developing city as well as by the lack of capacity reserve. The experience of upgrading rapid filters at the municipal water treatment facilities with the use of advanced drainage-distribution systems is presented. The drainage-distribution systems before and after rapid filters reconstruction are described; their basic parameters are given. The experience of retrofitting Triton drainage system in experimental filter No. 13 of the Velizhany water treatment plant is described. For the comparative evaluation and determination of the rapid filter maximum operational life control back washing of the filter media in filters No. 13 and 4 were carried out. In 2013 pilot tests of possible using Culligan Italiana S.p.A. filter media for removing manganese from the water of the Velizhany intake deep wells were carried out. The upgrade of the Metelevskii water intake rapid filters provided for required capacity of the purification facilities and water quality under the forced working conditions inter alia by means of the right selection and design of the drainage-distribution system. The experience of reconstructing filters at the Tumen water treatment facilities was used in the process of developing the relevant section of the «ROSVODOKANAL» Group technical policy.

Key words

water treatment , rapid filter , drainage-distribution system , aeration , filter layer , control back washing

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16.081.3:351.777.6

Lebed’-Sharlevich Ia. I., Beliaeva N. I., Mamonov R. A., Pechnikova I. A., Kharchevnikova N. V., Khokhriakov A. A., Zholdakova Z. I

Sanitary and epidemiological safety and efficiency of silicocarbonic sorbent used for removing oil and oil products from water

Summary

The results of research for the sanitary and epidemiological eva­luation and determination of the efficiency of using TSHR silicocarbonic sorbent manufactured by «Khiminzhiniring» LLC for removing oil and oil products from water are presented. Sorption methods based on the physical and chemical interaction of oil with solid oil absorbing material – sorbent efficiently remove oil from the surface of water bodies. The use of sorbent can be combined with mechanical methods of oil spill skimming and biological methods of decomposition of oil collected from the sorbent surface. The investigated TSHR silicocarbonic sorbent is a product of special thermal destruction of rice husk; it appears as «carbon –silicon dioxide» finely dispersed binary solid structure. With the use of chemico-analytical and toxicological methods the sorbent safety related to toxic and allergic action was studied as well as its capability to remove oil components and inorganic substances from water. Sorption methods based on physical and chemical interaction of oil with solid oil absorbing material – sorbent proved to be efficient in removing oil from the surface of water bodies. The use of sorbents can be combined with mechanical methods of oil spill skimming and biological methods of decomposition of oil collected from the sorbent surface. As a result of studies it was stated that TSHR sorbent met the sanitary and epidemiological requirements. The model tests revealed the sorbent efficiency in removing phenol, methylnaphthalene, chloroform, ethanol and inorganic compounds. It proves the possibility of using TSHR sorbent not only for removing oil from water in water bodies but also for water purification for drinking and other purposes. The necessity of carrying out additional field studies to determine wider range of dissolved oil components and the efficiency of sorbent use for removing oil film and dissolved substances is stated.

Ключевые слова

water treatment , efficiency of treatment , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety , sorbent , oil and oil products

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16.081.32:628.094.3-926.214

Shushkevich E. V., Babaev A. V., Smirnov A. V., Sourayeva N. O., Grigoryev A. S.

Improving the water treatment technology at the West water treatment plant

Summary

In January 2011 newly built ozonation and activated carbon filtration facilities with a capacity of 250,000 m³/day were put into operation at the West water treatment plant in Moscow. The facilities are fully automatic. Monitoring and control of the treatment process is carried out from the central control room. The technology of ozonation in combination with activated carbon filtration ensures high efficiency of organics removal (color, permanganate oxidability, total organic carbon), deodorization, and improvement of the drinking water taste, allows minimizing the formation of chlororganics (chloroform). The amount of water treated with new technology was 490,000 m³/day or 43% of the total supply to the city.

Key words

settling , filtration , water treatment , ozonsorption , mechanical mixing chamber , flocculation chamber

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.01
UDC 628.166.085

Kostyuchenko S. V., Volkov Sergei, Tkachev Andrei, Strelkov A. K., SMIRNOV A. D., Baranov V. L.

Modern trends and peculiarities of UV disinfection usage in water treatment

Summary

A brief review of the amendments to SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 in terms of microbiological indicators and concentrations of substances associated with chemical disinfection in water treatment is given. The trends laid down in the new regulatory documents involve the use of the most effective process solutions in the field of water disinfection. A fundamental approach to the arrangement of multibarrier schemes for water disinfection, including the use of ultraviolet irradiation, is described. Examples of the water treatment facilities put into operation in large cities of Russia and overseas using the multibarrier principle of water disinfection using UV irradiation are given. The positive experience of upgrading water disinfection systems in drinking water supply systems of the cities in the Russian Federation and overseas, as well as the global trends and practice acknowledge the possibility of using UV irradiation as the most reliable and safe advanced disinfection technology.

Key words

chlorination , water treatment , chlororganic compounds , UV disinfection , multibarrier treatment technology , chlorine chemicals

bbk 000000

UDC 628.164

Mosin O. V.

Advanced technologies and equipment for magnetic water treatment (review)

Summary

A review of perspective advanced trends and approaches in the practical introduction of scale-control magnetic water treatment in heat power engineering and related industries including water purification to remove hardness salts scale formation (carbonate, chloride, and sulfate salts of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺ и Fe³⁺) in heat-exchange facilities, pipelines and plumbing units is presented. The principles of physical impact of magnet field on water, parameters of proceeding physical and chemical processes and behavior of hardness salts dissolved in water are considered. It is shown that the magnet field effect on water is integrated and multifactorial. The design features of home industrial-scale magnetic water treatment devices with permanent and electric magnets – hydromagnetic systems, magnetic converters and magnetic water activators are presented. The efficiency of using water magnetic treatment units for water purification is considered.

Key words

water treatment , magnet field , magnetic treatment , magnetic unit , heat power engineering

bbk 000000

UDC 628.164/.167

FESENKO L. N., Ignatenko S. I., Pchel'nikov I. V., Fedotov R. V., Tcherkesov A. Yu.

Technological and design solutions of upgrading the Don River water treatment facilities (the case of water treatment facilities of Khapry farm,  Miasnikovskii district, Rostov Region)

Summary

The Don River water is used as a source of the public water supply of Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Novocherkassk and other cities. From January till April (during the winter freeze-up) the river water is characterized by increased total hardness (up to 10–12°) as well as by the presence of blue-green and diatom algae in concentrations reaching 100·10⁶ c/l water in summer periods. Mechanical sieve filtration is an advanced technique of microalgae removal. Filters are installed as a rule at the very beginning of the technological process and are designed for removing coarse suspended particles, phyto- and zooplankton. Advanced microfilters are characterized by simple design, high output, compact size and low consumption of wash water; their ope­ration is automated. In view of the high cost of ion exchange and membrane technologies and accompanying generation of considerable amounts of secondary difficult to utilize highly mineralized waste solutions the technology of hardness reduction by caustic soda softening was suggested. The expediency and efficiency of applying this method were experimentally confirmed. In case of the water treatment facilities of Khapry farm in the Rostov Region with the water intake in the lower reach of the Don River the process flow scheme of upgrading the water treatment plant providing for the water quality meeting the Sanitary Rules and Regulations 2.1.4.1074-01 was substantiated and developed. The use of this technology eliminates ge­neration of liquid wastes subject to the discharge into the public sewer, natural water bodies or land disposal.

Key words

reagent , water treatment , phytoplankton , coagulation , caustic soda softening , microfilter

bbk 000000

UDC 628.162.52.001.2

Raff P. A., Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida

Technology of Contact Clarification of Water under Conditions of the Volga Water Intake of the City of Kazan

Summary

The results of laboratory studies and pilot tests of the contact coagulation method used to clean the water of the Volga at the water supply station of Kazan are presented. It is established that water clarification can be performed by a one-stage scheme: by means of contact coagulation, and in the process the quality of the purified water fully meets the regulatory requirements. Some advantage of aluminium oxychloride over aluminium sulphate is noted, and it is shown, that for natural water treatment the polyacrylamide flocculants of cationic type, FO 4140 characterised by low density of charge in particular, are the most effective.

Key words

disinfection , water intake , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , contact clarification

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.01.01
UDC 628.166

Vasiliak L. M., Koudryavtsev N. N., SMIRNOV A. D., Strelkov A. K.

Ultraviolet plus ultrasound, and why again «there are no analogues in the world»?

Summary

Ultrasound has not been widely practiced in the world as a water disinfection technology. It has a low energy efficiency of disinfection in comparison with ultraviolet irradiation, therefore cannot be applied on its own. The combined effect of ultrasound and UV-irradiation does not have a synergistic effect, since these photo-biological and physicochemical processes are different and independent from each other. There are no criteria and methods for monitoring the effectiveness of ultrasound disinfection. The use of ultrasound is not regulated by sanitary rules and guidelines related to the disinfection of drinking and waste water. Cleaning of quartz covers is carried out using mechanical systems and chemical rinsing; international equipment manufacturers do not use ultrasound for this purpose. Personnel protection from the harmful impact of ultrasound is required.

Key words

potable water , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , water treatment , ultrasound

UDC 628.166.085
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.07

Kostyuchenko S. V., Koudryavtsev N. N.

UV disinfection in water treatment: when, where, and who was the first?

Summary

A look back review of the origin of ultraviolet water disinfection technology in Russia is given. The paper describes the experience of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» in the implementation of multi-barrier disinfection schemes in the preparation of drinking water, and the effect of using tested schemes on the introduction of UV technology in other cities of the country and abroad. Disinfection of water using ultraviolet irradiation that originated at the beginning of the last century, in St. Petersburg, Russia, as well, has now gained recognition around the world. The industrially proven multi-barrier disinfection technology using UV irradiation implemented at large-scale facilities in St. Petersburg, has found wide application and is dynamically developing in Russia and overseas. Unlike many other areas of science and technology, Russia has its own modern scientific and production school in UV technologies; the role of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» and personally of Felix Vladimirovich Karmazinov in the formation of it being undeniable.

Key words

water treatment , UV disinfection , multi-barrier process flow scheme , Vodokanal of St. Petersburg