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UDC 628.1/.3:65.011.4
Prodous O. A., Samburski Georgi, Shipilov A. A.
The system of appraisal of water and wastewater projects sent
for the expert examination (to be discussed)
Summary
A conceptually new system of water and wastewater project appraisal is presented. The appraisal is carried out by non-governmental expert companies on the basis of the adopted criteria of the differentiated selection of projects that use advanced efficient materials, equipment and cutting-edge engineering and process solutions. The key procedure of any water or wastewater project implementation provides for the following stages: terms of reference; engineering company (design documentation, engineering documentation); state expert appraisal; state architectural and constructional surveillance; construction and erection company. To ensure more efficient execution of the federal laws the following criteria of the selection (appraisal) of the projects sent for the state expert examination are proposed: constructional or cost criterion of the project solution estimation; technology or operation criterion; economic criterion of the design solution efficiency. The proposed system contributes towards the improvement of the design quality of all the design chapters by the appraisal carried out by the experts before sending the projects to the state expertise authorities.
Key words
water supply , water disposal , engineering project , project appraisal system , state examination
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UDC 628.1/.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.03.01
Pavlinova I. I., Orlov Evgenii, Shipkov Oleg, Kanivets Ul’iana
Water supply and wastewater disposal systems – engineering art for the benefit of people: on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. V. Iakovlev
Summary
The role of Sergei Vasil’evich Iakovlev, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in establishing and developing water supply and wastewater disposal systems is considered. The developments and projects of the scientist have been implemented in many cities of our country. S. V. Iakovlev made a significant contribution to the development of the water industry. S. I. Yakovlev, was establishing and supporting international cooperation with water professionals from many countries, and had great authority among his foreign colleagues. The role of the scientist is also great in training young water professionals. He left behind many worthy students who inherited the helm of their teacher.
Key words
water supply , wastewater treatment , water disposal , water resources , NII VODGEO , S. V. Iakovlev
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UDC 628.1/.3:006.052
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.03.04
Primin Oleg
Improving and updating the regulatory and technical framework for the design, construction and operation of water supply and wastewater disposal systems
Summary
The paper discusses the aspects of updating and approaches to improving the regulatory and technical documents – Codes of Practice, State Standards, methodological instructive regulations, as well as the directions of their improvement to enhance the efficiency of design, construction and operation of water supply and wastewater disposal systems in Russian cities and communities. The development of a method for switching over the system of regulatory and technical documents to the parametric standardization is analyzed. It is demonstrated that in recent years, the Russian construction sector has set a course for revising and updating the regulatory framework in the field of design and construction, thus reducing the statutory requirements in the Codes of Practice. It is noted that the planned transition from the prescriptive regulation system to a parametric one with specified quality criteria for the finished product is aimed at the development of the quality criteria for the finished project or product using any alternative approaches and methods, transferring a significant part of building codes and regulations to the voluntary category. Evidently, such amendments to the regulatory framework require a very detailed scientific and practical justification.
Key words
water supply , designing , water disposal , construction , regulatory framework , standards , improvement , updating
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UDC 628.112.24:622.279.5.001.42
Ivashechkin V. V., Medvedeva Iu. A.
Improving the methods of inspecting and repairing sanding water abstraction wells
Summary
The issues of improving the methods of fault detection, repair of filters and casing of sanding water abstraction wells are considered. The designed instrument is described that has been developed for detecting places of water abstraction well sanding and consists of the control block and water turbidity indicator. In the process of inspection the instrument is moving along the filter during water pumping out of the well. The instrument has successfully passed laboratory and field tests. To simplify the inspection of sanding wells a special device is described that includes a submerged pumping unit and the instrument for detecting sanding places. The design of the device for plugging a damaged section of casing or filter of the water abstraction well is proposed that includes a container for cement mortar with a force opened valve and permanent shuttering. The advantage of this method is in low cost and relatively simple repair work. Some reduction of the filter capacity and well yield can be attributed to disadvantages.
Key words
filtration , water supply , filter , water intake , sanding up , well , turbidity indicator
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UDC 378.1:69
Gogina Elena, Rouzhitskaya O. A.
Advanced approach to training of highly qualified personnel in building industry
Summary
The aspects of advanced training of water industry specialists are considered. The RF Federal Law «On the education in the Russian Federation», RF accession to the Bologna Declaration and other factors adjust the model of the modern educational system, offer new challenges for the educational institutions, encourage active involvement of the industrial enterprises in the educational process. The basic aspects of training of bachelors of Academic and Applied Sciences, Masters and PhD fellows are described. The competence approach forms the basis of an educational process of any level. The graduate who has attended a course of study shall master a definite set of competences that will provide for his getting a job at a sectoral enterprise. The competences gained must be in-demand at the job market. The sectoral enterprises above all others shall be interested in training one or another graduate. That is why the modern educational model must precisely harmonize the educational technologies with the sectoral demands. In the modern context it is no more possible to train certified bachelors, masters, and put them on the open job market. Neither enterprises, nor universities will gain from it. Solving this problem is possible only under condition of the active cooperation between educational institutions and water industry enterprises.
Key words
water supply , water disposal , construction , training of specialists , Bologna Declaration
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UDC 628./.2:644.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.10.01
Frog Dmitrii
Trends and development goals of the water supply and wastewater disposal branch against the backdrop of global challenges (for discussion)
Summary
The work objective is studying the situation in the world and in the Russian Federation in the field of water supply and wastewater disposal while setting specific tasks to correct the development trend. The overall state of the water supply and wastewater industry was examined through critical analysis. The components of the global challenges shaping the current situation in the industry have been identified and systematized: environmental, social, demographic, medical, hygienic, epidemiological, criminal, reliability, technological, military, political, etc. Therein, the provisions of the «Clean Water» Federal Project were taken into account within the framework of the «Housing and Urban Environment» National Project, the data from the 2021 State Report of the top sanitary official of the Russian Federation, Order of the RF Government of July 8, 2015 No. 1316-r (as amended on May 10 2019) «On approval of the list of pollutants subject to the state regulatory measures in the field of the environmental protection», as well as the data of the Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after. A. N. Sysin. The events, situation and consequences regarding the life support facilities in the territories of new regions of the Russian Federation (LPR, DPR, Zaporizhian and Kherson regions) were taken into account. The development trends of the industry are presented with account of the current trends and development prospects. The need to develop water supply sources on a noncentralized basis while providing for backup sources of drinking water supply at vital points, in residential and public buildings is emphasized. Decentralization of water supply based on redundant systems (including self-contained ones) for preparing water at the point of consumption creates the basis for transferring the nation to the consumption of physiologically healthful water.
Key words
potable water , water supply , water disposal , global challenges , development trends , decentralization , backup , self-contained systems
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UDC 628.3:658.26.004.18
Tchebanov V. B.
Technical and economic aspects of using variable-speed drive in pump units
Summary
The introduction of variable-speed drives is considered as an integral part of the program of reducing pump unit power consumption. Power conservation can be provided both by eliminating pressure excess and by increasing average pump efficiency that can be achieved primarily by pump selection depending on the water and wastewater network operation mode. Pump efficiency depends significantly on the number of operating pumps with variable-speed drives as well as on the algorithms of their interaction with non-controlled pumps. The examples of calculating energy saving and investments for two pump units are presented. The decision on the volume of investments in variable-speed drive retrofit and pump unit upgrade shall be taken on the basis of a business project.
Key words
adjustable electric drive , water supply , pump , power consumption , water disposal , excessive head , power saving
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UDC 628.144.62-192(567)
Svintsov A. P., Gousakov S. V., Rybakov Yu. P., Tami Al-Harami
Pipeline integrity and evaluation of the water distribution network reliability in Iraq cities
Summary
The results of evaluating the integrity of water distribution networks in Iraq cities are presented. It is shown that under conditions of limited economic opportunities, material and technical resources the program of upgrading the networks shall be optimized with the use of reliability indices and correction of dates and methods of implementing the action plan.
Key words
water supply , operation reliability , pipeline damages
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.11.06
UDC 628.168:628.166-926.214
Seliukov Aleksandr, Semenov Mikhail, Baikova Ida
In-process tests of river water conditioning for domestic and drinking water supply in the city of Kurgan
Summary
The experience of using ozonation of river water on a laboratory and pilot scale is considered. The water of the Tobol River is hard and mineralized with an average color value of 24 degrees, a manganese concentration in the winter period of more than 0.8 mg/dm3. After determining the operational doses of the chemicals (polyaluminum chloride coagulant, Praestol 650TR flocculant), test ozonation was carried out followed by the chemical treatment in a laboratory flocculator. To achieve the standard for manganese concentration in river water of 0.1 mg/dm3, high doses of ozone were required – from 35 mg/dm3. Alkalinization of the initial water to pH 9 provided for reducing the ozone dose to 23 mg/dm3. A decrease in color to 15 degrees occurred at ozone doses of 6–7 mg/dm3. River water purification at a pilot plant with a capacity of 50 l/h was carried out according to the complete process flow scheme (ozonation, treatment with coagulant and flocculant, sedimentation, filtration in a sand filter, filtration in a carbon filter, desalination-softening by reverse osmosis). The coagulant dose was 5 mg/dm3, and that of the flocculant – 0.3 mg/dm3. In the steady run of the pilot plant at an ozone dose of 25 mg/dm3, the following quality indicators of the sand filter filtrate were achieved: color 5–7 degrees; manganese 0.05–0.15 mg/dm3; total iron 0.02–0.03 mg/dm3; aluminum 0.05–0.08 mg/dm3; permanganate index 3–4 mg/dm3. Based on the estimate indicators of the Tobol River water composition related to the manganese concentration in water of 0.8 mg/dm3, the theoretic dose of ozone is ≈ 8 mg/dm3, the design dose of ozone can be assumed as 10 mg/dm3 (g/m3).
Key words
ozonization , water supply , chromaticity , manganese , river water
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UDC 628.1/.2
Karmazinov F. V.
Cost Management as a Factor of Reduction of Growth Rates of Tariffs in the Sphere of Housing and Communal Services
Summary
Main directions of the policy of SUE Vodokanal of St. Petersburg in the field of renovation of basic production assets are stated: refusal of repair of the worn production means and transition to their replacement by more up-to-date with the subsequent maintenance support in order to improve the quality of rendering of services and efficiency of operation of water supply and sewerage economy, increase the cost and reduce the moral and physical wear of fixed assets; extensive use of mechanisms of long-term investments and domestic leasing in order to improve investment activity of the enterprise without the sharp growth of tariffs for water supply and wastewater disposal services.
Key words
water supply , sewerage , energy resources saving , investment activity , tariff regulation
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UDC 628.1:3:65.012
Meshengisser Yu. M., Shchetinin A. I.
Management of Process of Construction and Reconstruction of Water Supply-Sewerage Services Objects
Summary
The article states basic principles of the EcopolymerGroup’s concept of management of the process of construction and reconstruction of water supply and water disposal objects and also features of designs of treatment facilities requiring the essentially new managerial approach. Examples of reconstruction and retechnologization of treatment facilities of Novocheboksarsk, Gorodets and Aznakaevo cities are presented. Mandatory requirements for the companies working in accordance with the Ecopolymer concept are expounded. The main thesis when working with a customer is a partnership based on trust. The EcopolymerCroup of Companies being a general designer, contractor, equipment manufacturer and supplier simultaneously assumes the responsibility for results of realization of construction and reconstruction.
Key words
reconstruction , water supply , management , water disposal , retechnologization , ecology , construction
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UDC 628.1:543.3
Rozental O. M., Averbukh A. I.
Establishment of Periodicity of Water Quality Monitoring with Due Regard for Measurement Inaccuracy
Summary
The periodical monitoring of quality of water with changeable characteristics is connected with sampling errors. Methods of accounting of these errors together with characteristics of measurement inaccuracy of polluting substances concentration for assessment of the risk of false conclusions about water compliance (or non-compliance) with specified requirements are offered. It is reasonable to establish the periodicity of measurements from the calculation of proportionality of sampling errors and meteorological inaccuracy specified by the certified measuring technique. The table of optimal periodicity of measurements depending on maximum permissible concentration of a polluting substance and changeability of its concentration in a water body as well as the scheme of prediction of water quality with a specified confidence level are offered for practical application.
Key words
water supply , reliability , pollution , water disposal , standard , quality control , periodicity , selection , samples , measurement inaccuracy , concentration
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UDC 621.65:62-531.3
Economic efficiency of using pumping units with variable-speed drives at low water supply
Summary
In the process of operating pumps with variable-speed drive at low water flow rates the reduction of the pumping unit efficiency factor is observed. It is suggested to determine the amount of energy lost during the operation of such pumping units with actual efficiency factor differing from the rated one. In some instances operating with low water flow rate results in power consumption increase. In this context experimental studies on determining the pumping unit efficiency factor at different impeller speeds were carried out. The results of the studies provided for identifying the optimal operation zone where the pumping unit efficiency factor was reduced by less than 2% of the maximum value, and the less economic zone where the efficiency factor was reduced to 35% of the maximum value. To evaluate the economic efficiency and determine the optimal operation area of pumping units with variable-speed drives at low water flow rate the efficiency curves for different pump impeller speeds are required. It is appropriate to include this data in pump catalogues.
Key words
adjustable electric drive , water supply , flow rate , head , frequency of pump impeller rotation , pump , water disposal , lifting efficiency , electric motor power
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.04.05
UDC 628.14:004.415.53
Rozhnov Evgenii, Siksina Ekaterina
The phases of implementing the industrial electronic model
of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems
Summary
To provide for sorting and analyzing the data on the water distribution and sewer network system in Novokuznetsk and to avoid multiple data duplication in various IT environments, it was decided to introduce the product of Potok data processing center – HydroGraph Information and Graphic System from the product line under CityComTM trademark. Currently, HydroGraph system has been in active use by many divisions of Vodokanal, LLC. Planning an operational program today is no longer possible without HydroGraph system. The system provides for issuing the performance specifications, preparing for shutdowns, compiling work execution plans, signing contracts with new customers, and upgrading the water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The development of a meaningful, verified and continuously updated database made it possible to quickly and conveniently solve many problems. Therein it ensures improved efficiency and accuracy of repair planning, cost reduction and generally rational operation of the water supply and wastewater disposal system in Novokuznetsk.
Key words
water supply , hydraulic design , water disposal , planning , certification , electronic model , inventory , key manholes
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