Токсичные побочные продукты обеззараживания воды в плавательных бассейнах: пути образования и санитарные риски (обзор)

Аннотация

На сегодняшний день выявлено порядка 100 побочных продуктов обеззараживания воды в плавательных бассейнах. Основными их прекурсорами являются биологические жидкости организма человека и разнообразные органические загрязняющие вещества, также привносимые посетителями. Многочисленными исследованиями выявлена потенциальная токсичность побочных продуктов обеззараживания воды. В настоящее время в ряде стран подлежат регулированию концентрации тригалогенметанов и галогенуксусных кислот в воде плавательных бассейнов. Соблюдение принятых на современном этапе нормативов качества воды может обеспечиваться при использовании традиционных методов обеззараживания (хлорирование, озонирование, ультрафиолетовое облучение, использование смешанных оксидантов) только при условии соблюдения правил посещения и эксплуатации бассейнов, особенно в период интенсивного их использования. В последние годы большое внимание уделяется высокотоксичным азотсодержащим, а также бромированным побочным продуктам обеззараживания воды, которые в высоких концентрациях присутствуют в бассейнах с морской водой. Для обеззараживания воды в бассейнах используют разнообразные методы, при этом для каждого из них наряду с преимуществами существует вероятность образования побочных продуктов. Перечень обнаруживаемых побочных продуктов обеззараживания постоянно растет как в связи с развитием аналитической техники, так и с увеличением разнообразия привносимых посетителями загрязняющих веществ, в частности солнцезащитных кремов.

Ключевые слова

плавательный бассейн , побочные продукты обеззараживания , прекурсор , высокотоксичные хлорированные, бромированные и азотсодержащие вещества

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