Imports substitution technologies and equipment for sodium hypochlorite production

Summary

The relevance and economic viability of substituting the imported electrolyzers with the home-made units for producing low concentrated sodium hypochlorite in drinking water disinfection are shown. Russia started practicing disinfection of drinking water by chlorination at the beginning of the 1920-ies (in St. Petersburg). It turned to be a practical solution to the problem of efficient sanitary water supply of the communities. However, in relation to the current requirements water disinfection by gaseous chlorine transported to the water treatment facilities in liquid form has a number of limitations; the most significant among them is the power of chlorine in case of a leak to affect both the operating personnel and the population of the territories adjacent to the water treatment facilities. Transportation of chlorine barrels and warehousing chlorine large tonnage is a real threat to the cities and communities. This fact gave rise to the tendency of rejecting the traditional chlorination in drinking water treatment in favor of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite produced onsite by electrolysis of common salt solution.

Key words

sodium hypochlorite , electrolytic equipment , decarbonator , regenerating solution , saturator

The use of geographic information systems in the Rostov Vodokanal operations

Summary

The efficient operation of water supply systems in the cities is impossible without using advanced geographic information technologies. They provide for accumulating and organizing significant amounts of the daily incoming data that characterize the process and energy parameters of different equipment at the water and wastewater facilities – from water intakes to effluent outfalls. The information from 44 master control points, 80 water pumping stations of the first through fourth stages, potable and process water meters, meters of the effluent discharged into the surface water bodies is acquired in real-time mode. Processing this information, controlling and adjusting 45 pressure control valves and other work related to maintaining the set process flow pattern at the water and wastewater facilities located on the territory of more than 34,850 hectares require reliable assistants. These particular assistants, ZuluHydro and ZuluDrain home-made systems, are used by the engineers and technicians of «Rostovvodokanal» JSC in their routine work. The practical use of the processed information in the analytical and operational activities significantly reduces the time for making technologically correct decisions and provides for obtaining real benefits in the form of reduced energy costs and saving in material resources consumption.

Key words

water supply , pumping station , water disposal , software package , pressure regulator , geoinformation system , hydraulic model , certification of infrastructure facilities , metering arrangement , telemetry , hydraulic model, analysis of the accident cause

Surge: causes, analysis and prevention methods

Summary

Engineers busy with designing pumping units are well familiar with the terms «hydraulic hammer», «pressure jump» or «surge» (shock wave) related to water. The problem is how at the designing stage to take into account the risks of surge occurrence and take necessary measures in time to prevent or minimize devastating consequences which is a challenging issue. As applied to the long water mains of large diameter, the damage caused by a pressure wave can be quite considerable, whereas eliminating the consequences involves considerable costs. The owners or operators of the pipelines subjected to the surge reluctantly provide the information on the damages caused by this phenomenon. That is why during designing the standard calculations are made and standard measures of surge prevention are suggested that do not take into account the negative experience of similar projects and the measures that were taken to prevent any further pressure jumps. In the given article the general theoretic notions related to the surge phenomenon and the methods of calculation are considered, the analysis of the surge is presented carried out by the experts of KSB company by the example pressure pipelines of a certain project the name and identification data of which are hold confidential. The given example describes in detail the encountered problem onsite and measures taken to solve it. The calculations, diagrams and charts are presented that show the differences between the system protected from the surge and the system not protected from this phenomenon.

Key words

pipeline system , surge , Zhukovski equation , surge analysis , surge protection , designing water supply systems and sewers