№7|2019

ABROAD

bbk 000000

UDC 628.1/.2(98)

Kofman V. Ya.

Water supply and wastewater disposal in the Arctic Region:
advanced technical soltions (a review)

Summary

In Canada wastewater treatment technology has been developed for small isolated arctic communities based on the effective biodegradation of organic carbon using a combination of anaerobic methanogenic and microbial bioelectrochemical processes that provide for biomethane generation. Microbial electrochemical degradation is executed in a membrane-free flow-type reactor with a bioanode and a biocathode operating at a voltage below the threshold of water electrolysis. In laboratory-based experiments in a wide range of mesophilic and psychrophilic temperatures (5–23 °C) a high efficiency of reducing BOD5 (90–97%) was achieved with a residual content of less than 7 mg/l. Energy consumption is 0.6 kWh/kg COD. Low energy consumption along with the production of biomethane ensures the operation of the reactor in the mode of power generation. For the conditions of Greenland a scheme of wastewater disinfection involving chemical coagulation and addition of peracetic acid, and/or ultraviolet irradiation was developed. Complete inactivation of Escherichia coli is achieved with the combined use of ultraviolet radiation (2.1 kWh/m3) and peracetic acid. Preliminary coagulation is an essential prerequisite for the effective inactivation of microorganisms. In the United States a closed water treatment scheme based on the peroxone process with reuse of water for drinking purposes has been proposed for the city of Fairbanks (Alaska). The big advantage of the closed-loop scheme is 85% conservation of the water in the system while preserving the thermal energy obtained from different water heaters. As a result the purified warm water is returned to the consumer; while less energy is required for its additional heating. In addition, the mineralization of organic substances in the oxidation process ensures the achievement of 0.7 mg/l residual COD.

Key words

, , , , , , , , , , ,

The further text is accessible on a paid subscription.
For authorisation enter the login/password.
Or subscribe

REFERENCES

  1. Rover J. R., Ji L., Wylie B. K., Tieszen L. L. Establishing water body areal extent trends in interior Alaska from multi-temporal Landsatdata. Remote Sensing Letters, 2012, v. 3, no. 7, рр. 595–604.
  2. Ragush C. M., Schmidt J. J., Krkosek W. H. Performance of municipal waste stabilization ponds in the Canadian Arctic. Ecological Engineering, 2015, v. 83, pp. 413–421.
  3. Gao H., Scherson Y. D., Wells G. F. Towards energy neutral wastewater treatment: methodology and state of the art. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, 2014, v. 16, pp. 1223–1246.
  4. LaBarge N., Yilmazel Y. D., Hong P.-Y. Effect of preacclimation of granular activated carbon on microbial electrolysis cell startup and performance. Bioelectrochemistry, 2017, v. 113, pp. 20–25.
  5. Tartakovsky B., Kleiner Y., Manuel M.-F. Bioelectrochemical anaerobic sewage treatment technology for Arctic communities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, v. 25, no. 33, рр. 32844–32850.
  6. Gunnarsdóttir R., Jenssen P. D., Erland J. P., et al. A review of wastewater handling in the Arctic with special reference to pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and microbial pollution. Ecological Engineering, 2013, v. 50, pp. 76–85.
  7. Chhetri R. K., Bonnerup A., Andersen H. R. Combined sewer overflow pretreatment with chemical coagulation and a particle settler for improved peracetic acid disinfection. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016, v. 37, pp. 372–379.
  8. Chhetri R. K, Thornberg D., Berner J., Gramstad R., Ojstedt U., Sharma A. K., Andersen H. R. Chemical disinfection of combined sewer overflow waters using performic acid or peracetic acids. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, v. 490, pp. 1065–1072.
  9. Koivunen J., Heinonen-Tanski H. Peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection of primary, secondary, and tertiary treated municipal wastewaters. Water Research, 2005, v. 39, pp. 4445–4453.
  10. Chhetri R. K., Klupsch E., Andersen H. R., Jensen P. E. Treatment of Arctic wastewater by chemical coagulation, UV and peracetic acid disinfection. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, v. 25, no. 33, рр. 32851–32859.
  11. Wu T., Englehardt J. D. Mineralizing urban net-zero water treatment: field experience for energy-positive water management. Water Research, 2016, v. 106, pp. 352–363.
  12. Hickel K. A., Dotson A., Thomas T. K., et al. The search for an alternative to piped water and sewer systems in the Alaskan Arctic. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, v. 25, no. 33, рр. 32873–32880.
  13. Wu T., Engelhardt J. D., Guo T., et al. Applicability of energy-positive net-zero water management in Alaska: technology status and case study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, v. 25, no. 33, рр. 33025–33037.

Журнал ВСТ включен в новый перечень ВАК

Шлафман В. В. Проектирование под заданную ценность, или достижимая эффективность технических решений – что это?

Banner Kofman 1