Commercialization of landfilled sludge

Summary

The problem of municipal and industrial wastewater sludge utilization is analyzed. The option of environmental utilization of sludge by its commercialization in building and agricultural sectors is considered. To provide for the wide use of the considered approaches the following is required: full expert consideration; development of engineering specifications for every product type; introduction of amendments and supplements into the regulatory and legal framework; development of valid mechanisms of implementing sludge utilization projects; development of ways of tax exemption of profit received from the sales of waste-derived products and receiving state aids for reducing interests on bank loans.

Key words

sludge , heavy metals , organics , sludge utilization , bitumen concrete , ceramics , fertilizers

Improving barrier functions of the Metelevskii water treatment facilities of Tumen city

Summary

The results of the preliminary tests showed that during the periods of elevated pollution of the water source (the Tura River) with different toxicants, natural and anthropogenic odorants the process flow scheme with the use of specially prepared powdered activated carbon for the conditions of the Metelevskii water intake would be worth considering. The process flow diagram of the pilot test facility was designed that provided for modeling the existing water treatment technology at the Metelevskii water treatment plant. The pilot facilities included chemical treatment units, clarification units, filtration and disinfection units. During water treatment process modeling the chemical dosages used (ammonium sulfate, chlorine, aluminium oxychloride and polyacrylamide) were similar to those at the Metelevskii water treatment plant for the moment the tests were carried out. According to the results of the tests the trademarks of powdered activated carbon used were defined as most efficient for odor and toxicant removal (by example of phenol). Before dosing into the water the sorbents were specially prepared (following the technique of NII VODGEO) to provide for maximum exhibiting sorption properties in relation to the mentioned target components. Special pilot equipment designed at NII VODGEO allowed reproducing all the water treatment modes applied at certain facilities. This modeling provides for adjusting water treatment technology, developing new process solutions, selecting new chemicals and dosages without interrupting the operation of the basic facilities. The results of the tests and pilot investigations with the use of powdered activated carbon at the Metelevskii water treatment facilities to remove anthropogenic toxicants and odors are presented. Powdered carbon trademarks were selected; recommendations for designing powdered activated carbon unit were given.

Key words

clarification , reagent , filtration , powdery activated carbon , organics , water treatment facilities , phenol , odor control