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UDC 628.16:556.115:582
Shushkevich E. V., Karpushenko A. V., Polyanin V. O., Stolyarova E. A.
Water Treatment and Water Quality Control under the Conditions of Phytoplankton Development on the Example of the Moskva Water Source
Summary
Water bloom can influence significantly on the reliability of water supply of Moscow. The phytoplankton development depends on a whole number of factors: warming up and illuminance of water masses as well as availability of nutrients, biogenic elements (nitrogen and phosphorous mainly), in sufficient quantity are basic of them. Morphometric peculiarities of reservoirs and their hydrological conditions are of great importance. Quantity of phytoplankton changes appreciably year in year out. High concentrations of algae at certain periods favour the deterioration of organoleptic characteristics of water quality which complicates the process of water treatment. In that case it is necessary to carry out a whole number of measures beginning from redistribution of outflows from reservoirs and completing by introduction of innovation technologies of water treatment.
Key words
potable water , reservoir , phytoplankton , water bloom , water treatment station , organoleptic characteristics of water quality
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UDC 581.526.325
Babaev A. V., Zamana G. T., Puklakov V. V.
Model prediction of water quality patterns
in the Mozhaiskoe water reservoir under the heat wave conditions
Summary
The issues of water quality in water reservoirs used for public water supply are of primary concern. Intensive phytoplankton development in them is a most common problem in water supply. Therefore the selection of tools that provide for predicting to a high degree of accuracy the processes of water quality formation in water reservoirs under various hydro meteorological summer conditions is a task of primary importance. The results of the model prediction of the basic water quality patterns under the heat wave conditions and of the diagnostic calculation of the environmental conditions of the Mozhaiskoe water reservoir in 2014 carried out according to GMV-MGU model and verified by the field studies data are presented. The verification showed good reproduction of the water quality patterns of the Mozhaiskoe water reservoir by the model. The comparison of the model prediction results, diagnostic calculation and field studies data showed that the model prediction of the water reservoir conditions for the minimum winter storage decrease, low flow spring tide and excessive summer heat is coherent with the actual 2014 pattern when similar hydro meteorological conditions were observed. GMV-MGU model can be used for predictions and diagnostic calculations of water quality patterns in the water reservoirs used for public water supply in the process of planning the measures on operating and long-term control of hydroengineering facilities and water intakes operation.
Key words
simulation , water quality , reservoir , phytoplankton , heat wave , anoxia
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.12.01
UDC 614.77:628.161
Strelkov A. K., Bykova P. G., Palagin Evgenii
On the state of the water quality in the Kuibyshev and Saratov water reservoirs and the prospects for one- and two-stage treatment schemes
Summary
The results of studying the physical and chemical composition of the source water of the Kuibyshev and Saratov water reservoirs at the water intake sites operated by Avtogradvodokanal LLC, Tolyatti Urban District, and Samara Utility Systems LLC, Samara Urban District, for 2015–2021 are presented. Limiting values of 59 indicators of the water quality of the Kuibyshev water reservoir and 52 indicators of the Saratov water reservoir have been established. The water in both water reservoirs polluted with resistant to oxidation organic substances, can be referred to the III hazard class and is assessed as «moderately polluted». In the water of the Kuibyshev reservoir increased concentrations of phytoplankton and zooplankton were found. The reservoir water needs physical and chemical treatment before being supplied to the consumers. It is shown that the physical and chemical composition of the water of the Kuibyshev water reservoir in terms of turbidity, concentration of phytoplankton and zooplankton is worse than the water composition in the Saratov water reservoir; therefore, it requires additional treatment before being supplied to the treatment plant.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , reservoir , permanganate oxidizability , raw water
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UDC 627.8:628.1
Volosukhin Ia. V., Navolokin D. Iu.
Ensuring the safety of water use in the Republic of Crimea
Summary
The water projects of the Republic of Crimea are defined as the sources of public water supply. The information on the state of the hydraulic engineering structures is presented. The owners and operators together with the supervisory authorities have inspected the hydraulic engineering structures with the purpose of further certification of their safety. By July, 2016 the authorities of Rostekhnadzor have approved 13 Declaration of Safety Certificates. In the process of certification the current state of the structures, operation service stuff was evaluated; possible scenarios of accidents, the risks of their occurrence and possible consequences were considered. For the hydraulic engineering structures operated in a continuous manner the generic solutions are developed for installing additional control and measuring equipment to monitor the seismic attributes as well as software package for immediate processing of the obtained data. Based on the results of the inspection the measures were scheduled in order to improve the safety of the structures, the time periods of their execution were determined compulsory for the owners and operators.
Key words
reservoir , artesian water intake , water use safety , river flow , hydraulic engineering structures
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UDC 581.526.325
Ialaletdinova A. V., Enikeeva L. V., Beloliptsev I. I., Vozhdaeva M. Iu., Kantor E. A.
Estimation of the correlation between oxidizability and water flow rate while passing through the water storage reservoir dam
Summary
The results of studying temporal variability of water oxidizability in the Ufa River are presented. The work was in determining the frequency distribution of the studied values, probability of unfavorable conditions related to the deterioration of the water quality in relation to the studied parameters, and searching for the correlation between the indicators and water flow rate. The oxidizability in the Ufa River during flood periods is formed to a lesser degree by organic substances washout from the catchment basin and to a greater extent is determined by the water quality in the water storage reservoir and organic substances in the bottom deposits. The frequency distribution of this indicator has been determined; the probability of unfavorable conditions occurrence (floods and high water) accompanied by the deterioration of the water quality in relation to the oxidizability has been estimated. It was determined that the oxidizability probability distributions had a tail part shifted in the direction of larger values of the indicator and showed that during unfavorable periods the oxidizability exceeded 5 mg/dm3. The frequency distribution of the tail part of the indicator approximated by power law P1(О) =
= 337681·О–6,96 (R2 = 0,92). It was stated that upon the occurrence of unfavorable conditions (floods and high water) the oxidizability of water in the river would not exceed the preset value (11 mg/l) with probability 97%. It was shown that during flood periods the water flow in the river higher than 450 m3/s enhanced the increase of the oxidizability values. The correlation between oxidizability increase and water flow passing through the dam was determined and expressed in the form of equation. The average prediction error was 16%.
Key words
reservoir , water flow , oxidizability , frequency distribution , distribution probability , inverted distribution
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UDC 627.84
Sal'va A. M.
Prospects for the development of public water supply in the regions on the other side of the river in the Central Yakutia
Summary
A brief description of the natural environment in the regions on the other side of the river in the Central Yakutia is presented. Based on the analysis of the ecological situation in these regions and on the results of the long-term medical monitoring of the public health a special program of ensuring water supply of the region was developed. The construction of public water supply systems was launched. The process flow schemes of three water mains are presented. The water supply systems include head floating pumping stations, water reservoirs, water basins, transfer pumping stations, pipelines and canals.
Key words
pipeline , reservoir , public water supply , grouping water main , permafrost formations , head floating pumping station , canal
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UDC 502/504:626.81
Kosichenko Iu. M., Ugrovatova E. G.
The lines of approaching water industry problems in the Lower Don regions
Summary
Most topical issues related to the water deficiency in the Tsimliansk water reservoir are considered. Water shortage in the given water reservoir results in tangible difficulties in the supply of the required water amount to almost half of the Rostov Area residents and to Novocherkassk Hydropower Station. Blue-green algae growth in the water reservoir during the summer period and reduction of fish population are equally serious problems. The construction of Bagaevsk hydroscheme is proposed as a solution of the Tsimliansk water
reservoir shallowing problem. Commissioning the Bagaevsk hydroscheme will improve the conditions for the Rostov Area fish farms; replenish the Manych River and lakes which provides more opportunities for fish spawning. The construction of a fish bypass canal in the Don River flood plain will provide for fish moving for spawn eliminating the hydroscheme. The problem of unsustainable water use in the Tsimliansk water reservoir and Don River for irrigation is considered. The proposed method provides for calculating backup
seepage from the canals in the earth canal and lining, in particular of the Don main canal and lateral distribution and main canals. The lines of approaching the problem of water resources shortage in the Lower Don Area are proposed. Among these are thorough investigation and revision of water resources input and output of the water reservoir for dry year periods, measures on water losses reduction, commissioning the Bagaevsk hydroscheme, possible implementation the project of the «Volga–Don–2» Canal construction.
Key words
reservoir , canal , shallowing , filtration losses , impervious lining , geomembrane
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UDC 504.064.4:542.63
Palagin Evgenii, Bykova P. G., Gridneva M. A.
Calculation of the dilution rate in regulating effluent discharge
to water bodies
Summary
Effluent dilution is one of the methods of reducing the concentration of pollutants in water courses and water bodies. Dilution is quantitatively characterized by the dilution ratio of the discharged effluents. The current technique of developing the standards of permissible effluent discharges allows the use of different methods of calculating the dilution rate for water bodies; however their number is substantially less that the number of the methods developed for water courses. The hydraulic mode of water bodies differs significantly from the hydraulic mode of water courses and has a number of specific features that should be taken into account in the process of calculating the dilution rate. In water reservoirs and lakes both discharge and wind currents can occur that emerge under the wind impact that sets the upper water layers in motion that is transferred to the lower layers. This motion creates water setdown from one place to another causing water surface decline and inflow from the depth or from the adjacent water body zones; and also forming the compensating (gradient) current oppositely directed to the surface one. The methods of calculating the dilution ratio of the effluents discharged into water bodies and lakes are presented. The results of calculations for several options of the reference conditions are quoted. The limitations of using different methods are described. The necessary adjustments and recommendations for calculations of the general effluent dilution with account of the initial one are given. The conclusions are made related to the necessity of further developing and improving the methods of calculating the dilution ratio that take into account the specific conditions and size of water bodies.
Key words
wastewater , reservoir , discharge regulation , dilution ratio , water body , outfall
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