Purification of storm water from the territories of industrial enterprises

Summary

The state of surface runoff disposal systems in Russia has been considered. In many cities the systems of atmospheric precipitation removal are in an extremely unsatisfactory condition since they have hardly undergone any upgrade. During intensive precipitation and heavy snowmelt rain and melt water accumulate on the territory of industrial enterprises. At the same time the treatment of surface runoff is complicated by the increase in volumes of wastewater and the physical deterioration of treatment facilities. As a result surface runoff containing suspended solids, oil products and other pollutants enters water bodies without treatment producing a negative impact on the ecosystem of water bodies. The characteristic of the composition of surface runoff of industrial enterprises is given on the example of a coal preparation plant in the city of Novosibirsk. Methods of treatment are considered. In order to reduce the harmful effects of surface runoff on water bodies at the Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) storm water treatment technology has been developed that provides for the effluent discharge into open water bodies or usage in recirculating water supply of enterprises.

Key words

suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , water body , storm water treatment

Development of a new method of estimating the quality
of contaminated water

Summary

The article dwells upon the development of a new method of estimating the quality of contaminated water in water sources. At present, the water quality index is most widely used which is a calculated parameter indicating the cumulative effect of all factors characterizing the water quality. A brief review of the indicators for estimating the pollution of water bodies is given. A well-known fact about the presence of some statistical relationship between the value WQIj of a water body and the type of the reflectance profile is selected as the fundamental proposition of the conducted studies. On the basis of two known indicators of the water body pollution: WQIj water quality index recommended by the World Health Organization, and multifaceted regression estimate, a new indicator is developed in the form of a scalar polynomial, numerically equal to WQIj value for the studied sampling point. The possibility of using the database information on the pollution of the studied water body is shown to calculate the proposed estimation of its pollution.

Key words

water sample , water body , regression estimated , pollution factors , reflection

Calculation of the dilution rate in regulating effluent discharge
to water bodies

Summary

Effluent dilution is one of the methods of reducing the concentration of pollutants in water courses and water bodies. Dilution is quantitatively characterized by the dilution ratio of the discharged effluents. The current technique of developing the standards of permissible effluent discharges allows the use of different methods of calculating the dilution rate for water bodies; however their number is substantially less that the number of the methods developed for water courses. The hydraulic mode of water bodies differs significantly from the hydraulic mode of water courses and has a number of specific features that should be taken into account in the process of calculating the dilution rate. In water reservoirs and lakes both discharge and wind currents can occur that emerge under the wind impact that sets the upper water layers in motion that is transferred to the lower layers. This motion creates water setdown from one place to another causing water surface decline and inflow from the depth or from the adjacent water body zones; and also forming the compensating (gradient) current oppositely directed to the surface one. The methods of calculating the dilution ratio of the effluents discharged into water bodies and lakes are presented. The results of calculations for several options of the reference conditions are quoted. The limitations of using different methods are described. The necessary adjustments and recommendations for calculations of the general effluent dilution with account of the initial one are given. The conclusions are made related to the necessity of further developing and improving the methods of calculating the dilution ratio that take into account the specific conditions and size of water bodies.

Key words

wastewater , reservoir , discharge regulation , dilution ratio , water body , outfall