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UDC 628.3.03:625.123
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Bukhman N. S., Sargsyan A. M.
Analysis and specifications of filtration of surface runoff from railway track ballast section
Summary
Rail transport facilities are fixed structures that produce continuous impact on the environment. The main facilities – pollution sources among rail transport facilities are railway stations. In most cases polluted runoff from railway station tracks generated mainly as a result of atmospheric precipitations leaks through the surface relief, infiltrates into the subsurface, penetrates deeply and drains with underground water into the nearest water bodies. The processes of surface runoff filtration through multilayer porous media that are taking place in the ballast section of the railway track have been analyzed and specified. Possible hypotheses of liquid behavior and properties in multilayer porous media, in particular of the liquid on the surface of ballast section of the railway track accumulated as a result of atmospheric precipitations; steady and unsteady liquid seepage into the railway ballast depth; dissipation of oil product spills on railway tracks are presented.
Key words
filtration , oil products , surface runoff , train track , ballast section
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UDC 628.35:62-278
SHVETSOV V. N., ALEKSEEV V. S., MOROZOVA K. M., Smirnova I. I., Semenov Mikhail
Biosorption membrane technology of restoring the quality of ground waters polluted with oil products
Summary
The experimental results of investigating the efficiency of oil products removal from ground waters in a biosorption membrane reactor are presented. By the example of kerosene it is shown that biosorption membrane technology provides for the complex removal of oil products, chlororganics, organophosphates as well as naturally occurring organics from ground waters at low capital and operational costs to meet the drinking water quality regulatory requirements. This fact allows specifying the biosorption membrane method as a perspective technology of restoring the quality of ground waters polluted with oil products. The procedure of designing biosorption membrane reactors is presented.
Key words
ground water , oil products , powdery activated carbon , biosorption membrane technology , kerosene
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UDC 628.33
Gandurina L. V., Kvitka L. A., Nikitin R. A., Ansimov A. D.
Effect of dispersion characteristics of suspended solids on the parameters of surface runoff treatment
Summary
Quantitative and dispersion characteristics of insoluble pollutants in rainfall and snow-melt water and its effect on the parameters of removing pollutants from water by sedimentation, chemical free and chemical filtration are considered. It is shown that the concentration of suspended solids in surface runoff multiply exceeds the concentration of oil products whereupon these pollutants are present in the form of two-component particles. In the particles oil products or inorganic admixtures can be adsorbed components, and during sedimentation of surface runoff suspended solids and oil products are being removed synchronically. The concentration and kinetic consistency of suspended solids from residential areas are lower than those from highways; which reduces the sedimentation time in the storage settling tank and concentration of pollutants in settled water. During 1–3 days of settling tank empting monotonic reduction of suspended solids concentration in settled water before filtration occurs. Fluctuation range depends on the sedimentation time in the settling tank, initial suspended solids concentration and tank empting time. The use of coagulants before filtration of settled surface runoff from highways provides for improving the treatment efficiency and obtaining sustained quality of filtered water.
Key words
settling , suspended substances , oil products , hydraulic size , surface runoff , filtration , kinetic consistency , coagulants , storage settling tank
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UDC 504.064
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Gorshkalev P. A., Sargsyan A. M.
Surface runoff pollution of water bodies
Summary
The results of studying the water of the Kondurcha River in the Samara Area and surface runoff from one of the railway stations are presented. The comparative analysis of the results of studying water samples from the water body in the monitoring section is given. The prediction of water quality changes in the water body for the next several years in relation to the following pollutants: BODfull, suspended solids, oil products and total iron is presented. The trend of the growing negative impact of polluted surface runoff from the surroundings of railway objects on water sources persists owing to the growth of cargo tonnage; the concentrations of pollutants in the water bodies are increasing.
Key words
oil products , surface runoff , train track , total iron , monitoring section
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UDC 628.316:66.081.63
Pervov A. G., Matveyev N. A.
The use of membranes for surface runoff and recycling car wash water treatment
Summary
The results of investigating the technology of surface runoff and recycling car wash water treatment with the use of reverse osmosis systems equipped with specially designed membrane units with «open» channel that provide for processing water with high concentration of suspended matter are presented. For processing raw wastewater in the membrane unit two concentrating stages are used: at the first stage – reverse osmosis membranes that ensure high quality treatment, and at the second stage – nanofiltration membranes that ensure concentrating solutions with high salt content with the minimum power consumption. The specific feature of the technology is in the utilization of the reverse osmosis concentrate that is removed from the system together with wet sludge. The results of the laboratory studies of storm water membrane treatment with the use of special roll elements with «open» channel and new BLF membranes are presented. It is stated that increasing permeate output to 0.9 results in 2.5–3-fold decrease of the equipment capacity. Car wash water undergoes the same treatment. The pilot tests show that increasing salt concentration in recycling water higher than 17 000 mg/l is impractical. The relationships of the increase of pollutant concentration in permeate and membrane capacity depending on the increase of the salt content in water under treatment and the ratio of volume concentrating in a reverse osmosis unit are presented. The parameters of membrane units operating with wastewater of this type with efficient removal of oil products, detergents and other pollutants are determined. Possible utilization of concentrate is shown.
Key words
suspended substances , filtrate , oil products , concentrate , reverse osmosis , surface runoff
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UDC 628.334.5
FESENKO L. N., Popov D. V., Koulikov N. I.
Investigating an advanced method of surface runoff treatment in the city of Sochi
Summary
The results of investigating storm water treatment technologies under the conditions of Sochi are presented. A pilot treatment plant is described, the operation of the basic units – lamella settler and filters – is considered. The kinetics of surface runoff suspended solids sedimentation is investigated. The performance characteristics of the lamella module during chemical sedimentation: downward clarified water flow rate in cavities, upward flow in plate spacing, and water surface loading were determined. The efficiency of using fibrous filter for storm water treatment was theoretically substantiated and studied. The service adhesive capacity of the filter was determined. The methods of the treatment unit regeneration are suggested.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , sorption , flocculant , regeneration , lamella settler , flow rate , fibrous filter , adhesive capacity
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UDC 628.31:581.55
Shchukin I. S.
Study of oil products and heavy metals removal from surface runoff in phytofilters
Summary
Internationally the use of bioengineered facilities including phytofilters in the treatment of surface runoff from urban lands is gaining ground. The use of phytofilters in moderate climate belts has some restrictions related to the decline in treatment efficiency during the periods of near-zero temperatures because of the retardation of biochemical processes in plants and soil microorganisms. A technical solution of the described problem is proposed that consists in adding materials with sorption and ion-exchange properties (peat and zeolite) into the filter media. The efficiency of removing oil products and heavy metals (lead, copper, aluminium, iron) from the simulated solution of surface runoff in a pilot laboratory phytofiltration plant with the use of higher plants: common reed grass (Phragmites commnis), mace reed (Tpha latiflia) and Iris pseudacorus was studied. The efficiency of removing oil products was 95.5–98.9%, and that of heavy metals – 66–99.3%. It was stated that during the vegetation period partial phytoregeneration of the filtration media from the trapped oil products and heavy metals occurs under the effect of higher plants and rhizospheric microflora. By experiment it was determined that the efficiency of phytoregeneration from oil products decreases in series: common reed grass – Iris pseudacorus – mace reed; from heavy metals: Iris pseudacorus – common reed grass.
Key words
oil products , surface runoff , heavy metals , phytofilter , phytoregeneration , rain gardens
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UDC 504.064(282.247.21)
NEFEDOVA E. D., Roumyantsev V. A., Yakovlev V. A., Zhourenkov A. G., Zaichouk А. А.
Complex of equipment for detecting accidental oil spills in the Neva water area
Summary
The operating principle, purpose, makeup and example of using the Complex of equipment for detecting accidental oil spills in the Neva water area (in PUE St. Petersburg Vodokanal) are presented. The complex of remote optical recorders and fluorimetrical instruments of flowing type is a reliable system of continuous monitoring and early detection of accidental oil spills with the purpose of warning and prompt management decision making for their localization and elimination.
Key words
monitoring , oil products , accidental spill , optical recorder , infrared camera
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.06.07 UDC 628.544:54-414
Moniak Tat’iana, Romanovskii Valentin
Magnetic sorbents from galvanic sludge for oily wastewater treatment
Summary
The results of studying the properties of sorbents prepared from galvanic sludge in relation to oil products are presented. For the synthesis, the method of solution combustion synthesis was chosen. Glycine was used as a reducing agent in a stoichiometric ratio with the oxidizing agent. X-ray phase analysis of the obtained samples showed that they contained iron mainly in the form of a magnetite phase. The total static exchange capacity and specific surface area of the synthesized sorbent samples (up to 130 m2/g) were determined from the sorption of the methylene blue dye. The oil capacity of the obtained materials (up to 3 g/g) is not inferior to the natural sorbents of oil products. Preparing magnetic oil sorbents is possible by the combined use of waste iron and nickel-containing galvanic sludges resulting in the reduction of the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and elimination of the expensive technologies.
Key words
oil products , wastewater treatment , sorbent , exothermic combustion in solutions , galvanic sludges
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UDC 504.454:519.257
Melnitsky I. A., Trukhanova N. V., Beloliptsev I. I., Kantor E. A., Kholova Al’fiia, Vozhdaeva Juliya
Simulating the concentration of oil products in the natural water of Ufa
Summary
The results of statistical processing of data on the concentration of oil products in river water are presented. According to the monitoring results for the period 2002–2016, the concentration of oil products in the Ufa River water and tap water in Ufa was less than 0.05 mg/dm3; in the Belaya River water it was in the range of 0.05–0.4 mg/dm3. To identify the influence of deterministic (cyclical and seasonal trending) and random factors on the concentration of oil products in the Belaya River water the method of decomposition of a time series using an additive model was used. The hypothesis of an increase in the trend in the concentration of oil products in the Belaya River water was confirmed. The probability of exceeding the concentration of oil products in river water above the established value of the maximum permissible concentration is estimated. It has been stated that the concentration of oil products in the Belaya River water sampled upstream and downstream the city is dominated by random factors: 62.6 and 80.5%, respectively.
Key words
monitoring , oil products , pollution , natural water sources , time series analysis
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.02.08 УДК 628.161:691.311
Romanovskii Valentin, Kamarou Maksim
Направления использования фильтрата при производстве гипса из осадков коагуляции природных вод
Аннотация
Одним из важнейших аспектов разрабатываемых в настоящее время технологий является то, что они должны быть безотходными либо малоотходными. При производстве синтетического гипса из осадков коагуляции природных вод и отходов серной кислоты образуется кислый фильтрат, который по своему составу содержит соли Mg, Na, Ca и Fe. Предложена и проработана возможность использования фильтрата с высоким содержанием железа для получения магнитных сорбентов при удалении нефтепродуктов из водных сред, а также для получения фотокаталитических материалов при деструкции растворенных органических веществ. Исследование показало, что магнитные сорбенты обладают нефтеемкостью до 2 г/г. Полученные фотокаталитические материалы обладают также высокой эффективностью фотодеструкции красителя (кислотного телона синего) на уровне 80% при времени обработки 60 минут.
Ключевые слова
oil products , filter bed , sorbent , gypsum , coagulation sludge , photocatalyst
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.08.05
UDC 628.212.2
Variushina G. P.
Surface runoff disposal – an important contribution to the protection of water bodies
Summary
Information on the research and design solutions developed by the experts of «MosvodokanalNIIproject» JSC in the field of surface runoff treatment from the territory of Moscow, the causes of water sources pollution with raw surface runoff in the 1970s. The basic characteristics of the complexes for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff, the developed projects of wastewater treatment facilities for industrial enterprises with a catchment area of 0.3; 1; 5; 10 and 15 ha. It is shown that the effectiveness of surface runoff treatment meets the requirements to water bodies of commercial fishing importance. At the same time, for dewatering of sludge generated in the retention basin of wastewater treatment facilities, a grit dewatering bay is included into the process flow scheme, and an oil separator is used to collect floating oil products. The novelty of the developed technology for neutralization of surface runoff and sludge treatment has been acknowledged by five patents of the Russian Federation, approved by Gosstroy of the Russian Federation, the Central Department of Fisheries Examination and Review and Protection and Renewal and Acclimatization Standards, the Moscow City and Moscow Region Sanitary Service, Moskompriroda and Mosgosekspertiza services. The contribution of the research workers of the laboratory for the treatment of natural, industrial-storm wastewater and sludge processing to the solution of problems of surface runoff treatment is demonstrated. The information about the history of development and promising areas of research activity of the laboratory, its plans in the organizational, methodological and educational work with young professionals is given.
Key words
oil products , sludge , laboratory tests , surface runoff , standard for discharge into a water body , industrial projects , process solutions , surface runoff disposal
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UDC 628.212.2
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Gorshkalev P. A., Korenkova S. F., Sargsyan A. M.
Indirect method of determining pollution concentrations of train track surface runoff
Summary
The classification (categorization) of the train track and railway station ballast section pollution density has been developed and approbated. Each category of train track pollution density is specified and the criteria of the space interval attribution to a pollution density category are presented. The pollution concentration of train track surface runoff as a function of the ballast section pollution density is determined.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , train track , ballast section , pollution density classification , pollution density category
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UDC 628.32:628.221
Skolubovich Iurii, Voytov E. L., Tsyba A. A., Balchugov D. V., Kamaletdinov A. R.
Purification of storm water from the territories of industrial enterprises
Summary
The state of surface runoff disposal systems in Russia has been considered. In many cities the systems of atmospheric precipitation removal are in an extremely unsatisfactory condition since they have hardly undergone any upgrade. During intensive precipitation and heavy snowmelt rain and melt water accumulate on the territory of industrial enterprises. At the same time the treatment of surface runoff is complicated by the increase in volumes of wastewater and the physical deterioration of treatment facilities. As a result surface runoff containing suspended solids, oil products and other pollutants enters water bodies without treatment producing a negative impact on the ecosystem of water bodies. The characteristic of the composition of surface runoff of industrial enterprises is given on the example of a coal preparation plant in the city of Novosibirsk. Methods of treatment are considered. In order to reduce the harmful effects of surface runoff on water bodies at the Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) storm water treatment technology has been developed that provides for the effluent discharge into open water bodies or usage in recirculating water supply of enterprises.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , water body , storm water treatment
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UDC 628.35:62-278
Pervov A. G., Matveyev N. A., Karasyev P. L., Motovilova N. B.
Removing oil products and detergents from surface runoff with the use of reverse osmosis systems
Summary
The studies of developing advanced technologies of surface runoff treatment from oil products and detergents are presented. The technologies are based on the process of reverse osmosis with the use of membrane units of a new type with an «open channel». Eliminating the causes of deposit formation can provide for ten-fold increase of the incoming water concentration in the units. The amount of concentrate (aqueous solution containing concentrated pollutants) is reduced to less than 1% of the initial water amount. With such small amount the concentrate is removed together with sludge. The estimations of the economic benefit of the rational utilization of surface runoff for technical purposes are presented.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , reverse osmosis , surface runoff , water treatment , membrane unit , concentration factor
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UDC 628.35:62-278:725.42
Kharkina O. V., Strelkov A. K., Stepanov S. V., Stashok Yu. E., Sven Baumgarten, Josef Sheren
Treatment of Syzran oil refinery industrial wastewater in membrane bioreactor
Summary
The results of investigating biomembrane technology of Syzran oil refinery industrial wastewater treatment are presented. The kinetic parameters of nitrification-denitrification processes are determined. It was demonstrated that biomembrane technology provided for the intensification of these processes alongside with meeting the requirements set to the effluent quality in relation to nitrogen compounds whether with or without addition of biodegradable substrate. The experimental data proved the possibility of either using the effluent for industrial closed-loop water system makeup after partial desalination or (and) discharging it into surface water bodies after polishing with sorption.
Key words
nitrification , oil products , activated sludge , membrane bioreactor , denitrification
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UDC 628.16.081.3:162.82
SMIRNOV A. D., Davlyaterova R. A., Tkachenko S. N.
Perspectivity of Application of Carbon Fibrous Sorbents for Water Treatment for Technogenic Pollutions
Summary
The main characteristics and properties of carbon fibrous sorbents for their application in sorption treatment of surface water for oil products and phenols are studied. It is established that the activated fibrous sorbent has considerably better kinetics of sorption than traditional granulated carbons. It is also established that the sorption capacity and coefficient of protective action of a layer of carbon fibrous sorbents by 6 times higher by phenol and efficiency of treatment by 1,5 times higher comparing with granulated activated carbons. The high efficiency and perspectivity of the use of carbon fibrous sorbents in combination with ozonization for removal of organic pollutants from surface water and wastewater are revealed. The technological decisions making it possible to reduce the size of equipment by 20–100 times are found. At the same time the sorption capacity by special-purpose biotoxicants increases by 1,5–3 times comparing with traditional materials at considerable reduction of costs for construction of large objects.
Key words
potable water , oil products , surface water treatment , phenols , carbon fibrous sorbent , granulated carbons , ozonsorption
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.02 UDC 626.812
Lapin Pavel
Surface waters of the Orel Region rivers and their main pollutants
Summary
The results of a study of the qualitative composition of surface waters in the basin of the main rivers of the Orel Region (Oka, Dnieper and Don) that revealed critical pollution of the surface waters with phenols in most rivers, negligible – with nitrite nitrogen, no excess of MPC for iron was found, with the exception of the Dnieper River basin. To reduce the degree of pollution of the surface waters, a program of budgetary support of the water supply and wastewater disposal enterprises shall be provided to enhance the transition to the best available technologies for wastewater treatment; the cooperation with neighboring regions shall be improved; monitoring of the main pollutants of the water bodies in the Orel region shall be carried out; and the technological control of economic entities shall be executed considering their negative impact on the water bodies.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , oil products , phenols , surface water , environmental protection
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ГВС 628.3:625.042
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Gorshkalev P. A., Sargsyan A. M.
Calculating the charge for the negative environmental impact produced by rail transport facilities
Summary
Basing on the results of chemical analyses and regulatory requirements to the environmental protection activities the analysis of the impact of surface runoff from rail transport facilities on the environment was carried out. Different charges imposed on natural resource users for water body pollution are described. The efficiency aspects of investing in the development of wastewater treatment and polishing are addressed. The costs associated with treatment will depend on the wastewater flow that determines the capacity of the treatment facilities, as well as on the required concentration of pollutants in the effluent that determines the required level of treatment, i.e. the number of stages and treatment technology. Under the conditions of the capital investment tightness it would be reasonable to determine the efficient investment trends in each particular case. The maximum permissible discharge of any pollutant will depend on its permissible concentration in wastewater that is assumed as a basis for designing treatment facilities. The evaluation of the investment efficiency is carried out by specifying the discharge of pollutants into water bodies that will determinate the cumulative expenses. The minimum cumulative expenses including the annual construction and operation expenditures as well as the effluent charge could be determined for every pollutant. To substantiate the expediency of surface runoff collection, removal and treatment the calculation of charging for nonpoint discharge of the surface runoff from rail tracks was carried out.
Key words
oil products , surface runoff , water object , rail tracks , right-of-way , total iron
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UDC 628.221 DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.09
Semenov Aleksandr, LATISHEV N. S., Petruk Roman
Modern solutions for the accumulation and purification of rainfall and snow-melt water
Summary
Developed in 1960–1980s process flow schemes for the purification of rainfall and snow-melt waters are not always effective nowadays. At the treatment facilities of airports, housing and public utilities, railway transport, etc., the company successfully applies advanced wastewater treatment technology using equipment of its own production. Instead of the traditional scheme, the treatment facilities use the method of dynamic separation of wastewater, i. e., the simultaneous separation of oil products and suspended solids.
Key words
settling , treatment facilities , oil products , sludge , improving energy efficiency , rainfall and snow-melt waters , dynamic separation
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