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UDC 628.113:502.65
Shushkevich E. V.
Influence of Ecological Conditions of Water Sources on Water Supply of a Megalopolis
SUMMARY
In theory the improvement of conditions of surface sources of water supply is an effective method of enhancement of potable water quality. However, even if there are possibilities to realize nature-conservative measures they have long-term character. In practice the most realizable methods are correction of water quality at water treatment stations’ water intakes changing the hydrologic conditions and operative control over water treatment at water treatment stations. The application of classical technique of water treatment with coagulation and clarification in complex with ozone sorption and ultrafiltration makes it possible to ensure the necessary degree of water treatment and its compliance with the perspective normative requirements regardless of conditions of a water supply source.
Key words
potable water , pollution , water supply source , water treatment technique
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UDC 504.454:519.257
Melnitsky I. A., Trukhanova N. V., Beloliptsev I. I., Kantor E. A., Kholova Al’fiia, Vozhdaeva Juliya
Simulating the concentration of oil products in the natural water of Ufa
Summary
The results of statistical processing of data on the concentration of oil products in river water are presented. According to the monitoring results for the period 2002–2016, the concentration of oil products in the Ufa River water and tap water in Ufa was less than 0.05 mg/dm3; in the Belaya River water it was in the range of 0.05–0.4 mg/dm3. To identify the influence of deterministic (cyclical and seasonal trending) and random factors on the concentration of oil products in the Belaya River water the method of decomposition of a time series using an additive model was used. The hypothesis of an increase in the trend in the concentration of oil products in the Belaya River water was confirmed. The probability of exceeding the concentration of oil products in river water above the established value of the maximum permissible concentration is estimated. It has been stated that the concentration of oil products in the Belaya River water sampled upstream and downstream the city is dominated by random factors: 62.6 and 80.5%, respectively.
Key words
monitoring , oil products , pollution , natural water sources , time series analysis
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UDC 628.1:543.3
Rozental O. M., Averbukh A. I.
Establishment of Periodicity of Water Quality Monitoring with Due Regard for Measurement Inaccuracy
Summary
The periodical monitoring of quality of water with changeable characteristics is connected with sampling errors. Methods of accounting of these errors together with characteristics of measurement inaccuracy of polluting substances concentration for assessment of the risk of false conclusions about water compliance (or non-compliance) with specified requirements are offered. It is reasonable to establish the periodicity of measurements from the calculation of proportionality of sampling errors and meteorological inaccuracy specified by the certified measuring technique. The table of optimal periodicity of measurements depending on maximum permissible concentration of a polluting substance and changeability of its concentration in a water body as well as the scheme of prediction of water quality with a specified confidence level are offered for practical application.
Key words
water supply , reliability , pollution , water disposal , standard , quality control , periodicity , selection , samples , measurement inaccuracy , concentration
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UDC 556.388.005.34
KUZMIN V. V.
Risk assessment in engineering decision-making on ground water protection from pollution
Summary
Protecting ground waters from pollution often involves the evaluation of uncertainty effect. Investigating preferred options with an account of the uncertainty of initial parameters is most perspective. The decision-making pattern under uncertainty conditions demonstrated by the example of justifying the option of ground water protection from manganese pollution resulted from infiltration of polluted surface runoff coming from wastewater settling tanks is presented.
Key words
pollution , ground water protection , risk , criterion , confidence factor , option selection
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UDC 628.17.001.4
Ponomareva L. S.
Economic Mechanism of Protection of Water against Pollution (Part 2). Correction Factors
Summary
Issues of the validity of raising factors imposed on charged payment for pollution and the scale of damage done to water objects are considered. Peculiarities of sizes and names of factors specified in appropriate normative documents are recorded. Reasons for the possibility of reduction in the number of factors and establishment of more grounded corrections for payment amount or damage with due regard for concrete conditions are expressed.
Key words:
factor , ecological factors , natural peculiarities , duration of influence , reasonableness of factors , pollution
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