bbk 000000
UDC 628.35
Stepanov S. V., Stepanov A. S., Gabidullina L. A., Dubov O. V.
Biological treatment of oil refinery wastewater in a biosorption membrane reactor
Summary
The basic process and kinetic regularities of biomembrane and biosorption membrane treatment of fuel and lube refinery wastewater are presented. The enhancement of denitrification process is suggested by reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the circulating flow of activated sludge by vacuum treatment. Summarizing the results of operating a pilot vacuumizing unit the more efficient use of biosorption membrane technology compared to the biomembrane method is shown. Single dosing of 1 g of powdered activated carbon per 1 liter of mixed liquor provided for reducing the mean monthly concentration of pollutants in permeate: in COD – from 68 to 49 mg/l; in BODfull – from 6 to 3.5 mg/l; in oil products – from 0.65 to 0.21 mg/l. The kinetic constants of the processes of eliminating the basic pollutants in membrane and biosorption membrane reactors were determined. It was stated that the specific oxidation rate in biosorption membrane reactors exceeded the similar indicators of membrane bioreactors only for easily sorbed substances – oil products and organic pollutants evaluated in BODfull. Vacuum treatment of circulating activated sludge during 5 minutes at minus 90 kPa pressure in a membrane bioreactor provided for 2-fold reduction of the dissolved oxygen concentration, improvement of the sedimentation properties of activated sludge (compared to the flow scheme without vacuum treatment) and the dissolved oxygen concentration less than 0.5 mg/l in the anoxic zone of the membrane bioreactor.
Key words
wastewater , nitrification , activated sludge , membrane bioreactor , denitrification , oil refinery , kinetic constant , activated carbon , biosorption membrane reactor
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.353:661.5
Iantsen O. V.
Enhanced wastewater treatment with nitrogen compounds removal in biofilters
Summary
Biofilters mainly built in Russia in 1960–1970-ies in most cases are a part of small-scale treatment facilities. At present most biofilters are in serviceable condition (owing to the specific design), however they provide for incomplete biological treatment. The results of the laboratory studies of the wastewater treatment technology in biofilters are presented. Several process flow schemes are considered, optimal modes of the facilities‘ operation are suggested. The properties of different filter media were studied. The advantages and drawbacks of the technologies and media studied are noted. Health-related and chemical parameters of the water treated are set. The diagrams that reflect running processes of nitrification-denitrification are presented. The use of a two-stage four-zone process flow scheme of biological wastewater treatment is substantiated. The suggested process flow scheme will provide for the wide use of biofilters both in upgrading the existing facilities and in designing new ones.
Key words
nitrification , biofilter , wastewater treatment , laboratory tests , loading material , ammonia nitrogen , denitrification , biofilm , enhanced treatment
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Strelkov A. K., Stepanov S. V., Blinkova L. A., MOROZOVA K. M., Belyakov A. V.
Investigating the processes of single-stage biological treatment
of oil refinery wastewater
Summary
The results of investigating the operation of the Novokuibyshevsk oil refinery waste biological treatment facilities are presented. It was found that denitrification process was not possible in two-stage process of wastewater treatment because of
high concentration of dissolved oxygen in the denitrification tank and low concentration of organics in raw wastewater. Full-scale experiment with single-stage mode of operation of the entire biological treatment facilities was carried out. After the first-stage aeration tanks de-commissioning the total activated sludge amount in the system increased almost 1.5-fold. Sludge concentration in the aeration tanks (of the second stage) increased from 0.5–1 to 2–2.5 mg/l; COD sludge load was reduced from 143 to 77 mg/(g·day). The improved nitrification efficiency and denitrification start were recorded. Kinetic constants were determined for the processes of organics and oil products oxidation, for nitrification and denitrification required for designing wastewater treatment facilities with nitrification-denitrification technology. Inhibition by substrate was found at the concentration of oil products in effluent higher than 4 mg/l. Nitrification inhibition was observed at ammonia nitrogen concentration in effluent higher than 1 mg/l. The full-scale experiment of conversion of the Novokuibyshevsk oil refinery waste biological treatment facilities to one-stage operation provided for testing on commercial scale the advanced nitrification-denitrification technology and recommending this process flow scheme for the introduction at other RF oil refineries.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , denitrification , oil refinery , kinetic constant
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Stepanov S. V., SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M., Belyakov A. V., Blinkova L. A.
Investigating nitrification-denitrification technologies of oily wastewater treatment
Summary
The results of investigating biological treatment by nitrification-denitrification technology of oily wastes of the Novokuybyshevsky oil refinery are presented. Possible meeting the advanced requirements to the effluent quality in relation to nitrogen compounds, particularly, by industrial wastewater treatment without blending with municipal wastewater is shown. The kinetic constants of nitrification-denitrification processes and oxidation of oil products required for designing wastewater treatment facilities are determined.
key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , denitrification , oil refinery , kinetic constant
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5.63
KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A., GRACHEV V. A., Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Moizhes S. I.
M-Defanox – efficient technology of biological phosphorus removal from wastewater
Summary
Energy efficient technology of removing nutrients from wastewater that requires minimum amount of organics has been developed in Mosvodokanal MPUE. M-Defanox technology is based on the oxidation of maximum available organic matter in the process of denitrification with the use of dephosphating-denitrifying bacteria. In the process of experimental tests in the laboratory-scale reactor the efficiency of nitrogen removal was 99%, phosphorus removal – 86%, COD – 80%, BOD – 95%. The technology can sustain acute fluctuations of incoming pollutants. The results of pilot tests showed 99% efficiency of ammonia nitrogen removal and 85% efficiency of phosphate-phosphorus removal. The use of M-Defanox technology provided for 50% reduction of disposed excess activated sludge.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , dephosphatization , denitrification , M-Defanox technology
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.355
Gogina Elena, Gul’shin I. A.
Simulation of energy efficient biological wastewater treatment process in a circulation oxidation ditch
Summary
In the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering comprehensive work is carried out in the field of simulating energy efficient wastewater treatment processes in circulation oxidation ditches. Notably, process flow schemes of removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater at low dissolved oxygen concentrations are considered. The study is aiming at the determination of optimal process modes of biomass activity under different conditions in the course of implementing experimental schemes. The summarized results of the second stage of the comprehensive study of energy efficient wastewater treatment in circulation oxidation ditches are presented: the efficiency dependency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification at variable oxygen regimen has been determined, the mechanism of biomass adaptation and specific features of biomass bringing to the operating regime has been studied. The experimental plant model is described that provides for considering not only biochemical but also more detailed hydraulic specific features of the experimental process.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , energy efficiency , denitrification , circulation oxidation ditch , easily oxidable organic substrate
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35
Zalyotova N. A., Zalyotov S. V.
CONTUS® modular system for wastewater treatment
Summary
CONTUS® turnkey modular system for domestic wastewater treatment operating at an industrial enterprise is described. Shipping container 1CC is used as a module. Depending on the configuration MS CONTUS® units ensure the required quality of effluent up to the level corresponding to the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies. The technology includes biological treatment with suspended and fixed microflora and a «dry» biological polishing filter. Elements of different size made of synthetic floating material are used as a media for immobilized microflora. The treatment processes and structural assemblies of the unit are protected with a patent. The industrial-scale operation of CONTUS® modular system proves its high efficiency and reliability.
Ключевые слова
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , aftertreatment , denitrification , immobilized microflora , «dry» filter
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35
SHVETSOV V. N.
On the criticism of the NII VODGEO method of designing
biological wastewater treatment facilities with nutrients removal
Summary
The analysis of the critical notes published in the article by Ph. D. (Engineering) D. A. Danilovich and Engineer A. N. Epov «Comparative analysis of the methods of designing biological wastewater treatment facilities with nitrogen removal» in which the opponents make the following statements: the NII VODGEO method is «manual» and simplified, cannot be considered as mathematical model; the specific nitrification rate parameter cannot be used in calculations; the effect of temperature and other factors are not taken into account; «simplified» equations of enzyme kinetics cannot be used for nitrification-denitrification processes because of the inadmissible distortions under the impact of factors that these equations do not take into account; sludge age is determined by the effluent quality regardless of the pollutant concentration in the incoming wastewater; in sludge growth calculations sludge age shall be used; the residual concentration of a substance (in effluent) does not depend on its initial concentration; aeration tank calculations shall be based on sludge age is presented. Based on the detailed analysis of the comments and statements of the opponents their inconsistency and lack of proof is shown. It is proved that not a single substantial fact damaging the NII VODGEO method has been mentioned in the article, and the conclusions made by the authors are unfounded and unsubstantiated. The conclusion is made that the availability of a reliable and approved national calculation method will provide for restricting the unsubstantiated use of inadequate, untested calculation methods; eliminating unjustified construction and upgrade overpricing, uncontrolled engaging of untested foreign inventions in the projects; reducing the level of corruption in this field; implementing correctly the developed best available technologies in domestic practice. It is noted that up to now the calculation method included in SNiP 2.04.03-85 has been the only opportunity for the experts to design and control the facilities for municipal and industrial wastewater biological treatment. Consequently, improving and updating a universal, scientifically grounded and field-proven domestic method of designing the facilities for municipal and industrial wastewater biological treatment with regard to the nutrients removal has been a crucial and pending task. The attention is called to the need of urgent restoration of the expert competency, the revival of the Russian scholarly traditions on the basis of the immense scientific and practical capacity established by our predecessors.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , denitrification , nutrients removal , sludge age , facilities design
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:004.69
Strelkov A. K., Stepanov S. V., Strelkov D. A., Doubman I. S.
The experience of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities of Zhigulevsk
Summary
The experience of designing, constructing and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities (16,200 m3/day) in Zhigulevsk, Samara Area is described. Prior to the reconstruction the technical condition of the facilities was satisfactory. However, the effluent quality parameters exceeded the maximum permissible levels for BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen compounds, phosphates and oil products. The efficiency of primary settling related to BOD5 and suspended solids was about 50% resulting in BODfull: total mineral nitrogen: phosphorus of phosphates ratio changing from 100:12.5:1.7 to 100:21.8:3.16. Despite the deterioration of this primary effluent parameter in the process of nutrients removal it was decided to retain primary settling in the design layout because of the insufficient capacities of the existing aeration tanks. The technology of nitrification-denitrification with anoxic and aerobic zones and chemical phosphorus removal is suggested. The bioreactor capacity was increased 1.5 times by establishing the third process line in addition to the existing ones; besides the construction started from the nitrification-denitrification aeration tank to provide for the sustainable effluent quality for the entire reconstruction period.
For tertiary treatment a filter-bioreactor with a brush head was used. Disinfection is carried out by UV-irradiation in a trough-type unit without changing the gravity effluent flow. The design documentation was approved by the state expertise of the construction projects. By now a considerable part of the facilities has been constructed and put into operation. The successful experience of Zhigulevsk wastewater treatment facilities reconstruction carried out without interruption of wastewater inflow can be overspread among the similar projects in medium-scale cities of the central part of Russia.
Key words
reconstruction , wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , sewerage treatment facilities , denitrification , phosphorus elimination
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5.001.42
Zalyotova N. A.
Experience of operating wastewater treatment facilities with two-stage nitrification-denitrification flow scheme
Summary
The results of field testing pilot treatment facilities with a capacity of 12,000 m3/day with two-stage nitrification-denitrification flow scheme are presented. The results of evaluating different methods of mixed liquor mixing within denitrification zones alongside with treatment facilities design procedure are given. It is shown that the use of mechanical mixers will provide for the required oxygenic mode in denitrification zones and improve the efficiency of total nitrogen and nitrite elimination.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , activated sludge , biogenic elements , denitrification , ammonium salts , mixing devices
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Stepanov S. V.
Specific features of designing oil refinery wastewater biological treatment facilities
Summary
Oil refinery wastewater is characterized by the presence of organics resistant to oxidation and practically total absence of phosphorus. The procedure of designing oil-containing wastewater biological treatment with nitrification-denitrification is used both for aeration tanks and membrane bioreactors. Designing is carried out with the use of kinetic relationships for all the regulated pollutants. During the experiments kinetic constants and coefficients of nitrification and denitrification processes, oxidation of organic substances (as BOD and COD), oil products, phenols and synthetic surfactants for wastewater of a number of oil refineries were obtained. Calculations algorithm includes the following stages: determining initial data – pollutant concentrations and wastewater flow rates; choosing the process flow scheme of the treatment facilities; calculating specific rate of biological treatment process on the basis of kinetic constants and coefficients; calculating activated sludge growth, nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the process of assimilation; estimating the retention time for oxidation of separate ingredients of pollutants and denitrification; determining the maximum aerobic process time in respect to the limiting component and treatment level in respect to other ingredients; calculating the required air consumption; checking the necessity of dosing phosphorus compounds for nutrient makeup. To improve the denitrification efficiency the configuration of the facilities was enlarged with a mixed liquor deaerator. The process design of a membrane bioreactor differs from the design of aeration tanks with nitrification-denitrification by correction of specific oxidation rate with account of the obtained kinetic constants and coefficient of inhibition with metabolism products at higher concentrations of activated sludge in the bioreactor. The experimental results allowed supplementing the procedure of designing wastewater biological treatment facilities with nitrification-denitrification developed by NII VODGEO.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , activated sludge , membrane bioreactor , denitrification , oil refinery , kinetic constant
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:62-278:725.42
Kharkina O. V., Strelkov A. K., Stepanov S. V., Stashok Yu. E., Sven Baumgarten, Josef Sheren
Treatment of Syzran oil refinery industrial wastewater in membrane bioreactor
Summary
The results of investigating biomembrane technology of Syzran oil refinery industrial wastewater treatment are presented. The kinetic parameters of nitrification-denitrification processes are determined. It was demonstrated that biomembrane technology provided for the intensification of these processes alongside with meeting the requirements set to the effluent quality in relation to nitrogen compounds whether with or without addition of biodegradable substrate. The experimental data proved the possibility of either using the effluent for industrial closed-loop water system makeup after partial desalination or (and) discharging it into surface water bodies after polishing with sorption.
Key words
nitrification , oil products , activated sludge , membrane bioreactor , denitrification
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M.
Procedure of designing wastewater biological treatment facilities
with nutrients removal
Summary
The procedure of designing wastewater biological treatment facilities with nitrification-denitrification is presented. Biological treatment facilities shall be designed on the basis of experimentally determined kinetic constants, nitrification and denitrification process factors, and for every limiting value depending on the requirements to the quality of treatment. Kinetic constants and factors required for designing municipal wastewater treatment facilities are given. Design algorithm is set out including the following stages: substantiation of the initial data on flow rates and qualitative wastewater composition according to the required level of reliability (more than 85–90% probability); selection of the process flow scheme – number of steps and(or) stages, operation procedure and lay out; determination of kinetic constants of equations of enzyme kinetics of every basic pollution component transformation from experimental data or from the available data base; preliminary calculation of excess activated sludge volume and adjustment of nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance; determination of limiting pollution component that needs maximum time to be oxidized; calculation of the facility capacity by limiting component with determination of the treatment level for other pollution components. The results of the long-term experimental studies of nitrification-denitrification processes with different types of municipal and industrial wastewater provide for supplementing the method of aeration tank design specified in SNiP 2.04.03-85 with formulae and data for design and optimization of aeration tank operation with nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , activated sludge , kinetic constants , denitrification
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5/.63.001.2
SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M., Domnin K. V., Arkhipova Elena
Designing nitrification-denitrification retrofit at the biological treatment facilities
Summary
The results of studies carried out at the Khabarovsk wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The developed process flow sheet of wastewater biological treatment included nitrification-denitrification processes to eliminate nitrogen compounds according to the set standards. The process flow sheet provided for retrofitting dephosphatation zone to ensure maximum level of phosphorus removal at the biological treatment stage in order to reduce chemical consumption at the subsequent treatment stages. The process design of the biological treatment facilities was carried out.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , nitrification , dephosphatization , activated sludge , denitrification
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35
Mishukov B. G., Murashev S. V.
Calculation of low-capacity plants with membrane filtration for biological wastewater treatment
Summary
The calculation of standard series of plants for biological treatment of wastewater is set. The plants include a fermentation settling tank and a membrane bioreactor. The method has been approbated for calculating the plants with a capacity less than 500 m3/day. It was determined that increasing the activated sludge dosage from 3 to 5 g/l provided for 1.5 reduction of the size of the treatment facilities; at that increasing the activated sludge dosage more than 3-fold (more than 8 g/l was inexpedient. The size of the plants for 3 and 5 g/l activated sludge dosages with account of 25% volume increase (with correction for reliability) is given. The use of the suggested process flow scheme provides for increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment. The effluent quality parameters approach the maximum permissible sanitary-hygienic regulations for the discharge into fishery water bodies. At that the use of chemicals for nutrients removal is not foreseen. The use of membrane filtration provides for equalizing and enhancing biological processes by means of possible increase of activated sludge concentration, and also for reducing the size of the plant, increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment by means of enhanced removal of suspended solids.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , denitrification , membrane filtration , dephosphorization
|
DOI 10/35776/MNP.2019.09.08
UDC 628.353:661.5
Iantsen O. V.
Advanced solutions for the reconstruction of small-scale wastewater treatment facilities: design and calculation
Summary
The advanced solutions proposed for the reconstruction of small wastewater treatment facilities that contain biofilters are considered. The peakpoint of designing and constructing biofilters occurred in the 1960–1970s. At present biological filters are often used for wastewater treatment. It is proposed to use them again as the basic treatment facilities. These structures, as a rule, are structurally reinforced concrete tanks; so it is advisable to develop new process flow schemes taking into account the use of existing structures. Three process flow schemes with different combinations of nitrification and denitrification zones are considered. Graphic results of sanitary and technical analyses of a number of indicators are presented on the basis of which sufficient purification efficiency is shown that allows discharging effluents into fishery water bodies. A method for calculating biofilters for specific media materials is proposed. It is concluded that the height of the structure depends not only on the required level of purification, the parameters of the incoming water but also on the type and size of the media material. The proposed process flow schemes will provide for the wider use of biofilters both in the reconstruction of existing and in the design of new treatment facilities.
Key words
reconstruction , wastewater , nitrification , biofilter , ammonia nitrogen , denitrification , biofilm , enhanced wastewater treatment , small-scale wastewater treatment facilities
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.635
Ambrosova G. T., Funk A. A., Ivanova Sargylana Dmitrievna, Ganzorig Shonkhor
Comparative evaluation of the methods of phosphorus removal from wastewater
Summary
The evaluation of the methods of eliminating phosphorus, a most important nutrient that is a limiting element in water body eutrophication, from wastewater is presented. Biological, physical, chemical and combined methods are considered that differ from each other in the method of implementation, construction and operating expenditures. The biological method is based on phosphorus removal through its utilization in biomass synthesis in the biological system. Physical and chemical methods suppose mandatory application of chemicals used for free phosphate-ion binding to low soluble ortho-phosphate. Combined methods suppose dephosphorization at the biological treatment stage with subsequent inclusion of phosphate-ions into crystals at the physical and chemical treatment stage. The examples of practical implementation of the methods are presented; process flow schemes are considered; the process parameters of the treatment facilities are pointed out where the process of phosphorus removal is taking place; the data on the process efficiency is provided; the advantages and drawbacks of the applied methods are reported. The experience of adjustment works is described together with the results of experimental selection of chemicals for phosphorus binding and determination of the optimal point of their addition carried out by the authors in the laboratory, during pilot and full-scale studies.
Key words
filter , nitrification , bioreactor , reagent , aeration tank , denitrification , nutrient , wastewater , crystal , dephosphorization , effluent polishing , sludge growth
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Lominoga O. A., Agapov D. V., Bol'shakov N. Yu.
The technology of biological wastewater treatment with nitrification-denitrification at the Zelenogorsk wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
The results of introducing the technology of biological wastewater treatment with the use of nitrification-denitrification processes in the «aeration tank-secondary settling tank» system at the Zelenogorsk wastewater treatment facilities are presented. It is shown that the use of nitrification-denitrification enhance significantly the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The findings allow recommending the suggested technical solution for the introduction at other municipal wastewater treatment facilities.
Key words
aeration , nitrification , nitri-denitrification , aeration tank , ammonia nitrogen , denitrification , organic substances , nitrate nitrogen , total nitrogen
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Gogina Elena, Gul’shin I. A.
Nitrogen removal in a circulation oxidation ditch model
under the conditions of lowered concentration of organics in wastewater
Summary
The summarized results of the third stage of an integrated study of energy efficient processes of wastewater treatment in circulation oxidation ditches are presented. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory model of a circulation oxidation ditch with horizontal directional flow of mixed liquor. The impact of low concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bioreactor volume (at 0.5 mg/l level) and low concentration of organic pollutants in the incoming model wastewater on the treatment efficiency and biomass stability was studied. The highest efficiency of total nitrogen removal was reached at the specific organics load on activated sludge (BOD) R = 0.07 g/(g∙day), average dissolved oxygen concentration 0.5 mg/l and 7.5 hours aeration time. At that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the effluent was about 0.6 mg/l; the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was 9.6 mg/l. The operation of the bioreactor at lowered dissolved oxygen concentrations resulted in partial biomass bulking. The sedimentation properties of activated sludge changed; however stayed at satisfactory level.
Key words
wastewater , nitrification , energy efficiency , activated sludge , denitrification , circulation oxidation ditch , biological removal of nitrogen
|
|
