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UDC 628.32:62-192
GALPERIN E. M., Egorova Yu. A., Vas'kovskii A. V., Konevskii E. V.
Ways to improve the municipal water supply and distribution system
Summary
Simulation of all possible switch-overs in the municipal water distribution network caused by fault section cutoffs is practically unfeasible because of the large number of simulation cases. For the implementation a method of the distribution network dividing into separate districts (zones) with water flow rate measured at the input and outlet is suggested in a similar way to the elimination of leaks. Within the limits of each district including up to 50 km pipelines the search of the isolated sections becomes feasible. At that determining the reliability of the water supply in each district as a part of the annual period when the customer receives water on a regular basis is possible. This is achieved with the use of Markov model for determining the period of the water distribution network being operational and in the state with simultaneously isolated sections. Then by hydraulic calculations the parameters of the network in non-operating conditions are determined; at that it is determined which parameters are related to the operation period with normal or lowered level of performance.
Key words
water supply network , hydraulic design , water supply reliability , state of failure , state of failure , Markov model
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UDC 628(14+21):66.011
Primin Oleg, Gromov Grigorii
Designing an electronic model of water supply and wastewater disposal systems and model implementation by the example of a Russian city
Summary
Basing on the requirements set by the Russian legislation the development of the water industry and municipal utilities infrastructure shall be implemented in accordance with water supply and wastewater disposal plans. In case the city population exceeds 150 thousand inhabitants these plans shall include electronic models of water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The practical experience of «MosvodokanalNIIproject» JSC in the field of designing water supply and wastewater disposal plans for Russian cities shows that designing a proper electronic model requires significant scope of information including topological data for all the existing pipelines, geodesic marks of the pipelines, water consumer and pump characteristics, etc. Full data acquisition and displaying in electronic format can take a lot of time. In case the operator of the water and wastewater systems does not have a detailed electronic model at the first stage usually a decision is made within the frames of water supply and wastewater disposal systems engineering to design an enlarged version that will provide for estimating and analyzing the operation of water mains, main pumping stations and regulation facilities. Further on, based on the model analysis and approbation and on the city Masterplan and urban infrastructure the prospective models are developed. The experts of «MosvodokanalNIIproject» JSC successfully designed electronic models of water supply and wastewater disposal systems of Ufa, Irkutsk, Penza, and Orenburg. The experience of designing an electronic model of water supply and wastewater disposal systems by the example of a Russian city is presented.
Key words
hydraulic design , geoinformation system , water and wastewater systems , electronic model , zoning of system
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UDC 696.115
Strelkov A. K., Zotov Yu. N., Mikhailova I. I.
Calculation of hydraulic operation mode of in-door plumbing systems in tenement houses
Summary
The results of analytical investigation of selecting the characteristics and equipment for the in-door plumbing systems with the purpose of providing for the safe living conditions in tenement houses are presented. The algorithm of hydraulic calculations with account of the regulatory requirements to the advanced energy efficient domestic water supply and characteristics of the modern equipment is described. The necessity of making hydraulic calculations at the maximum and minimum water flow is shown. The mechanism of selecting optimal solutions for determining hydraulic characteristics of plumbing systems is considered. The recommendations for developing methodical procedures the fulfillment of which will ensure the legitimacy of the methods of making hydraulic calculations of the in-door plumbing systems in tenement houses are given. The main requirement to determining the pipe diameter in automated water supply systems is ensuring the compliance of the controlled medium parameters to the technical characteristics of the control valve to provide for the proper operation. The traditional method of selecting a pressure reducing valve provides for an approximate result because some basic data used in calculations is undefined until the hydraulic design is completed. Therefore, the implementation of this method involves design and check hydraulic calculations. Selecting a pressure reducing valve is significantly simplified when using the method developed in the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. In contrast to the traditional in the method developed in Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering all the basic data can be uniquely determined before making hydraulic calculations.
Key words
pipeline , hydraulic design , pressure regulator , plumbing system , water consumption rate
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UDC 628.152
GALPERIN E. M., Bukhman N. S.
Calculation of loop network reliability
Summary
The reliability of loop water distribution network operation has been its primary property. However, until now the regulatory documents for designing water distribution networks lack the reliability indices. There is no consensus among the experts related to these indices. Earlier proposed set of reliability indices of a loop water network is considered and one of the possible methods of their calculation is suggested. The data on the time of the water mains 325.78 km long operating in serviceable and unserviceable conditions is set by the example of the Samara municipal water network (the data for 2014). For the theoretical determination of the time of the water mains being in serviceable and unserviceable conditions Markovian model was used with discrete states and continuous time. To decrease the dimensionality of the current task all the states with equal number of isolated sections were curtailed into one state (subset). The feasibility of this solution was prompted by the practice of water network operation. The model verification by Pearson’s Chi-square criterion allows accepting the hypothesis of the theoretical results corresponding to the available experimental data.
Key words
hydraulic design , reliability indices , loop water distribution network , Chi-square (Pearson’s) , Markovian model with discrete states and continuous time
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UDC 628.17
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.11.04
Strelkov A. K., Gorshkalev P. A., Chernosvitov M. D., Gridneva M. A.
Calculated parameters for the reliability of the ring water distribution network with account of the changed water consumption rate
Summary
The water distribution network of a community is part of the water supply system and provides for the distribution of water upon the facilities and supply of water to consumers. One of the main indicators of the operation of a water distribution network is its reliability. Boundary parameters of the reliability of the network operation can be considered the operating time of the network in normal and emergency conditions. Due to the decrease in actual water consumption in populated areas, the water consumption in sections of the water distribution network decreases; therefore, the reliability indicators of its operation also change. Besides, with the introduction of the revised edition of CP 31.13330.2021, the calculated values of the water consumption in the network have decreased significantly, since the water consumption rates have been reduced by more than 15%. In accordance with these data, the reliability indicators of the water distribution network were calculated.
Key words
hydraulic design , loop water distribution network , network operation reliability , reliability parameters , water consumption rate
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UDC 628.144:006.015.7
Neparidze R. Sh., Urakin M. V., Belyaev N. N., Sokolov A. I., Kovyrshina R. N., Neliubina A. A.
Results of hydraulic calculations of the water supply and distribution system in Tobolsk, the Tyumen Region
Summary
The progress of process surveys and hydraulic calculations of the water supply and distribution system of Tobolsk by the specialists of «RVKN» LLC (Moscow), PAO «Sibirsko-Ural’skaia Energeticheskaia Kompaniia» (Tyumen) and its Tobolsk branch are covered. The work is based on the theoretical foundations and methods in the field of hydraulic calculations of water distribution networks carried out by leading Russian research workers, as well as the rich experience of numerous similar works carried out by the specialists of «RVKN» LLC in previous years. Process surveys included an on-site survey of the water distribution system rating the relevant characteristics of pumping equipment and a manometric survey. In the course of hydraulic calculations 25 different options were considered that involved seasonal changes in the modes of operation of the municipal water supply system with account of the compliance with the fire extinguishing requirements. At the same time special attention was paid to including the newly commissioned (upgraded) Sokolovsky water intake facilities. The analysis of the calculation results showed a low relevant process and structural reliability of the water supply and distribution system, especially of the currently operated Zhukovsky water intake facilities. The stage-by-stage program for the development of the municipal water supply and distribution system (WSDS) provided for the measures aimed at the optimization of the operation in the coming years, as well as the development of a reliable and prospective water supply scheme for Tobolsk.
Key words
assessment of technical state , hydraulic design , mathematic modelling , water supply and water distribution system , manometric survey , detailization and simplification of the calculation model , surplus hydraulic head , inefficient water losses , relevant characteristics of pumping equipment , process and structural reliability
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UDC 628.144:532.542
Prodous O. A., Terekhov L. D.
Comparative evaluation of using charts by different authors for hydraulic calculation of pressure polyethylene pipelines
Summary
The results of hydraulic calculations carried out with the use of charts compiled by different authors are compared. The example of hydraulic calculations of a pipeline with a diameter of 160 mm for certain flow rate and pressure as well as the analysis of the hydraulic characteristics obtained from the charts by different authors for hydraulic calculations of pressure polyethylene pipes with practical conclusions are presented. The demand for such a comparison is driven by the inquiries from engineering companies busy with designing pressure polyethylene pipelines and experiencing difficulties with choosing the right charts for precise hydraulic calculations; and by the significant errors in the process of determining specific head losses along the length – hydraulic resistance that ultimately influences energy consumption of pumps during water transportation.
Key words
hydraulic design , polyethylene pipes , hydraulic resistance , specific head losses , calculation error
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UDC 628.144:532.542
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.01.08
Prodous O. A., Iakubchik P., Smolin E. S.
Comparative analysis of the international and domestic design dependencies for the hydraulic calculation of metal water pipes with internal deposits
Summary
In a specific context a comparative analysis of the standardized European design dependence for the hydraulic calculation of metal water pipes with a diameter of 400 mm was carried out with the empirical formula of Professor F. A. Shevelev updated by the authors for steel pipes with deposits on the inner pipe surface. A significant discrepancy between the values of the characteristics of the hydraulic potential of pipes is shown and the reasons for the discrepancy are established. For the given example, graphs have been constructed showing the difference in the values of the hydraulic slope of the pipes at different flow rates.
Key words
hydraulic design , steel water pipes , deposit layer , design dependencies , comparison of the results
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UDC 628.144/.218.001.575
Nekrasov A. V., Nikiforov A. F.
Tools for developing schemes and electronic models of water and wastewater networks
Summary
RF Government Decree No. 782 «On water and wastewater schemes» together with the applicable Rules specifying a number of provisions of Federal Law «On water supply and wastewater disposal» are considered with relation to the problems that water companies are facing in the process of its implementation. Developing electronic models of water and wastewater systems is a task of the companies that are directly responsible for providing these services. Comparing to electronic models schemes are more general information structures. Models serve as data sources for scheming and allow predicting network development. In the process of data transfer from electronic models to network schemes the use of identical software is sufficient. To solve this problem geographic information systems that are optimal for making an inventory of the network elements are most appropriate. Herewith the software for math modeling shall be able to import the available data. The direct use of the imported model in calculations is possible only if we have relatively small-sized networks. For network model building it is reasonable to use specially configured software which is of prime importance for big cities. When choosing the software special attention shall be paid both to the possibility of communicating with the geographic information system at the data level and to the availability of means to provide for the adequacy of calculation models and simulated networks.
Key words
water supply network , hydraulic design , geoinformation system , electronic model of water and (or) wastewater system , water supply and wastewater disposal , electronic model
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UDC 628.144:532.542
Prodous O. A., Vasil'eva M. A.
Simplified form of the normative dependence for hydraulic calculation of pipelines made of polymer materials (to be discussed)
Summary
Hydraulic calculation of pipelines (pipes) made of polymeric materials is regulated by the acting regulatory documents (SP 40-102-2000). In the aggregate a method (sequence) of hydraulic calculation of pipelines made of polymeric materials with the use of a simplified form of the normative dependence for determining hydraulic resistance coefficient is proposed. The calculation method is of practical interest because it is confined to the determination of three values included into the normative calculation dependence for the subsequent determination of head losses along the pipeline length. The hydraulic calculation method includes new parameters: hydraulic potential of a pipeline, effective fluid flow rate, effective roughness of the inside pipe surface, effective pipe diameter. These parameters and the Calculation Method have been included into the 3rd edition of the complemented material of Reference book «Tables for hydraulic calculation of pressure polyethylene pipes» (2017). The simplified form of the normative dependence and the method of making hydraulic calculations of pipelines made of polymeric materials can be considered to be included into the revised version of SP 40102-2000.
Key words
hydraulic design , hydraulic resistance , calculation method , polymer pipes , hydraulic roughness
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UDC 628.112.24:69.003.13
Fisenko V. N.
Energy saving in operating deep wells for underground water abstraction
Summary
The share of energy costs in the operating expenditures structure reaches 85%. Taking into consideration the requirements to the reduction of СО2 emissions into the atmosphere as well as the necessity of reducing the costs and water tariffs, energy saving is the priority task for the housing and utility enterprises, industrial, agricultural companies and water and wastewater services providers that are operating deep wells. Different options of installing water lifting equipment in deep wells are considered. The energy efficiency comparison was made on the basis of the software designed by Wilo Company (Germany), pump manufacturer. The specific features of hydraulic calculations of the combined operation of the pump and the well are considered. The data on the structural concepts for deep wells that provide for saving energy spent directly on underground water lifting is set. The economic and financial mechanism of inducing the measures to reduce the energy consumption by water and wastewater services providers on the basis of the conditions of their foreign investment self-sufficiency development is illustrated.
Key words
water intake , ground water , power saving , hydraulic design , submersible pump , well , lift pipes
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.04.05
UDC 628.14:004.415.53
Rozhnov Evgenii, Siksina Ekaterina
The phases of implementing the industrial electronic model
of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems
Summary
To provide for sorting and analyzing the data on the water distribution and sewer network system in Novokuznetsk and to avoid multiple data duplication in various IT environments, it was decided to introduce the product of Potok data processing center – HydroGraph Information and Graphic System from the product line under CityComTM trademark. Currently, HydroGraph system has been in active use by many divisions of Vodokanal, LLC. Planning an operational program today is no longer possible without HydroGraph system. The system provides for issuing the performance specifications, preparing for shutdowns, compiling work execution plans, signing contracts with new customers, and upgrading the water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The development of a meaningful, verified and continuously updated database made it possible to quickly and conveniently solve many problems. Therein it ensures improved efficiency and accuracy of repair planning, cost reduction and generally rational operation of the water supply and wastewater disposal system in Novokuznetsk.
Key words
water supply , hydraulic design , water disposal , planning , certification , electronic model , inventory , key manholes
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