DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.04.06
UDC 628.336.4
Shakhrai Nikolai, Dobrynina Natal’ia, Priimak Tat’iana
Advanced methods of wastewater sludge disinvasion
(for the discussion)
Summary
Организации водопроводно-канализационного хозяйства в рамках технологических процессов водоотведения должны обеспечивать дезинвазию очищенных сточных вод и осадков, образующихся в результате их очистки. В соответствии с пунктом 1.2 СанПиН 3.2.3215-14 «Профилактика паразитарных болезней на территории РФ», санитарные правила устанавливают требования к комплексу организационных, санитарно-противоэпидемических (профилактических) мероприятий, проведение которых направлено на предупреждение возникновения и распространения паразитарных заболеваний. Проведена оценка нормативных документов по дезинвазии объектов окружающей среды, а также решений по судебным делам в части ее проведения. Выявлены разногласия в документах по проведению дезинвазии, в связи с чем направлены обращения в различные организации с предложением гармонизировать правила с целью исключения разночтений. Изучены индустриальные методы дезинвазии осадка сточных вод. Показано, что происходит необоснованное навязывание препарата «Бингсти».
Key words
sludge , disinvasion , viable helminth eggs , biological stimulant inhibitors , Bingsti
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UDC 628.221
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.09
Semenov Aleksandr, LATISHEV N. S., Petruk Roman
Modern solutions for the accumulation and purification of rainfall and snow-melt water
Summary
Developed in 1960–1980s process flow schemes for the purification of rainfall and snow-melt waters are not always effective nowadays. At the treatment facilities of airports, housing and public utilities, railway transport, etc., the company successfully applies advanced wastewater treatment technology using equipment of its own production. Instead of the traditional scheme, the treatment facilities use the method of dynamic separation of wastewater, i. e., the simultaneous separation of oil products and suspended solids.
Key words
settling , treatment facilities , oil products , sludge , improving energy efficiency , rainfall and snow-melt waters , dynamic separation
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UDC 504.064.47:628.385
Perel'shtein G. B., Svetlichnyi D. A., Dygan M. M., Mal'tseva S. S.
Advanced technologies of municipal waste management
Summary
The living activity of a modern city is accompanied by the generation of big waste amounts. In the current situation an important task of the municipal utilities is providing for the environmentally safe and energy efficient waste management. Most commonly used advanced technologies of municipal waste management – solid wastes and wastewater sludge – are presented. The options of implementing the mentioned technologies are considered; the information on the implemented projects of new generation facilities for solid waste and wastewater sludge processing and utilization designed by «MosvodokanalNIIproject» OJSC is given. Minimization of the negative impact of waste disposal on the environmental and public health is provided only by waste landfilling with the use of eco-technologies and environmental protection facilities. Thermal solid waste and wastewater sludge processing (incineration) at special boiler plants with generation of heat and electricity is an optimal option of waste disposal for the municipal utilities since it provides for the simultaneous utilization of solid by-products of incineration. On the basis of the long experience of «MosvodokanalNIIproject» OJSC in the field of designing and commissioning the facilities for waste collection, processing and utilization it is shown that environmentally sound utilization can be ensured only by using advanced waste treatment technologies that provide for environmentally safe storage, processing and disposal; reducing waste amount subject to landfilling; increasing the amount of recyclable materials and waste energy use.
Key words
sludge , biogas , municipal solid waste , landfill , sanitation and cleaning , landfill gas
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UDC 628.336.44
Guliaeva I. S., D'iakov M. S., Glushankova I. S.
Thermal treatment of municipal wastewater sludge containing heavy metals
Summary
In the process of municipal wastewater sludge incineration ash is generated that contains concentrations of heavy metals which limits its further practical use and requires land filling on industrial waste dumps. The carried out research was aiming at the development of detoxification of wastewater sludge in the process of thermal destruction with the production of a product of useful quality. In the course of studies the samples of dewatered wastewater sludge from the Perm municipal treatment facilities were used. The wastewater treatment facilities receive domestic wastewater and industrial effluents from machinery works that provide for the increased concentration of heavy metals both in wastewater and in sludge. During thermochemical processing of the Perm municipal wastewater sludge wastes from potash fertilizer production (flotation potash chloride, sodium chloride) can be used as an agent that provides for utilizing heavytonnage wastes and reducing the costs of wastewater sludge utilization. It was stated that wastewater sludge pretreatment with concentrated potassium chloride or calcium chloride solutions with the subsequent incineration at 900–1000 °C provided for heavy metals transfer to gaseous phase in the form of metal chloride aerosols that were further absorbed by alkaline agent solution. The generated mineral residue contains 5–7% phosphorus (as Р2О5) in the form of calcium phosphate or potassium phosphate and trace elements that allow using it as a compound fertilizer.
Key words
reagent treatment , sludge , heavy metals , thermochemical sludge utilization , mineral residue , mineral fertilizer
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UDC 628.355
Chauzy Julien, Gabriel Ian, К. Вун, Poussade Yvan, Li Edmond, Bernard Jean-Francois
Sustainable biosolids management: a review of best available technologies for sludge stabilisation and volume reduction
Summary
Australian water utilities face a significant challenge in moving towards more sustainable biosolids management. There is increasing pressure to move away from the traditional approach of land application of dewatered biosolids due to escalating transport costs, community impacts such as odour and truck movements, and the risk of changing regulation or public perception affecting the future viability of land application. Different sludge treatments have been compared regarding performances, opex and carbon foot print for 2 case studies: Australian Inland and Coastal WWTP. Results have shown that thermal sludge treatments, especially Wet Air Oxidation which is now a proven technology, are highly competitive compared to conventional sludge treatments particularly when sludge disposal costs are high.
Key words
treatment facilities , sludge , thermal drying , incineration , liquid-phase oxidation , technosand , carbon emission
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