UDC 621.646
Mikhailov V. V., Kurganov Iu. A., Goncharov Sergei
Analysis of regulatory requirements for shut-off and control valves for drinking water supply networks and world practice
Summary
The problem of the absence in Russia of a specialized industry for the production of materials and equipment for the water supply and wastewater utilities is described. The requirements of domestic and international regulatory documents for shut-off and control valves for drinking water supply, including the methods of control and testing of valves in production, are stated and analyzed. The experience of operating shut-off and control valves in the drinking water distribution networks, including directly buried ones, at the facilities of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» is presented. Particular attention is paid to the requirements of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to the shut-off and control valves installed in the municipal water distribution networks. Developing a system of regulatory documents directly for the water and wastewater utilities, and in particular for drinking water supply products, will provide for systematizing the requirements to the product control and testing systems, improving the quality and increasing the life of the utilities.
Key words
water supply-sewerage services , shut-off and control valves , drinking water supply , acceptance test
|
UDC 628.167.069.84
Fedotov R. V., Shchukin S. A., Kniazeva Natal’ia, Onkaev Viktor
Study and engineering and economic comparison of chemical methods of softening the Bolshoi Kinel River water
Summary
Softening water for domestic water supply can be carried out by different methods including the addition of alkaline agents into water. Experimental studies of the use of lime-soda and caustic soda methods for softening the Bolshoi Kinel River water that is the source of drinking water supply for the city of Otradny, Samara Region, have been carried out by the employees of EKOFES SPE LLC in the laboratory and working environment. A diagram of a laboratory setup has been developed consisting of a mixer with aeration and an air separator, a vertical sedimentation tank with laminar modules, and a rapid filter. Experimental studies on the effect of chemical doses on the values of residual water hardness and total dissolved solids have been carried out. It has been established that the caustic soda method provides for efficient water softening, however results in an increase in the total dissolved solids, thus limiting the area of application. The results obtained in the study of the lime-soda method allow to conclude that the technology is advantageous owing to the elimination of extra water salinization and to recommend it for softening the water of the Bolshoi Kinel River. The engineering and economic calculation of the cost of 1 m3 of processed water depending on the softening method is presented.
Key words
drinking water supply , chemical softening , water hardness , lime-soda softening method , caustic soda softening method
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.394(597-25)
Nguyen Dinh Dap, Volshanik V. V., Dzhumagulova N. T.
The study of the ecological state of the To Lich River in Hanoi
Summary
To Lich is a big river in the city of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The river system receives municipal wastewater as well as effluents from 100 industrial enterprises located in five industrial areas in the central part of Hanoi. The To Lich River channel has accumulated about 284 thousand m3 of sediments, 7347 tons of different metals. The total load of nine metals on the river estuary is 161.7 kg/day. The information on the method and results of the field studies of the To Lich water and riverbed pollution with heavy metals is presented. The study was aiming at the assessment of the total load of heavy metals discharged and accumulated in the bottom deposits of separate To Lich River reaches (at the point of effluent discharges) as well as the assessment of the daily intake of organic carbon and heavy metals at the river estuary. To evaluate the general ecological state of the river the analysis of not only the river water quality but also the quality of the sediments was carried out. At that the following parameters were entered: water quality index (WQI) and sediment quality index (SQI) on the basis of seven pollutants: for water –chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb); for sediments –Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb.
Key words
wastewater , heavy metals , drinking water supply , water quality parameters , water supply , water sampling
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.166.085(439)
Csaba Haranghy, Géza Csörneyi, Pand’ianski Attila, Kostyuchenko S. V., Volkov Sergei, Levchenko D. A., Baranov V. L.
Integrated disinfection process flow scheme in the public water supply system of Budapest
Summary
The biggest in European Union UV water disinfection complex has been successfully operated at Kmegier, the Budapest water treatment plant with a capacity of 600,000 m3/day in Hungary. The municipal water supply system uses surface waters as a water source (The Danube River). The water body is not protected from possible input of various pathogens that can cause serious infectious disease outbreaks among the population. In addition viruses and cysts of pathogenic protozoa are highly resistant to traditional chlorination. The experts of Budapest water supply system Fvrosi VZMVEK Zrt. in cooperation with Russian LIT Scientific-Production Association carried out a series of tests at the pilot unit as a part of serial DUV 150/21 UV-system with low pressure lamps; and then industrial tests at DUV 36А/120 UV-systems. Blending the infiltrate water fed to the UV-system with river water abstracted directly from the Danube in the amount of 3% of the total flow rate was provided. Water quality analytical studies were carried out before and after disinfection by VZM-VEK Laboratory. In the process of studies the efficient UV-irradiation dosage of 60 mlJ/cm2 was determined for underflow (infiltrate) river water in definite operation conditions. The use of advanced combined water disinfection technology (chlorination + UV-irradiation) ensures minimizing the level of chlorination, reducing the risk of byproducts formation and improving the water safety.
Key words
surface water source , ultra-violet irradiation , drinking water supply , laboratory tests , efficient UV-irradiation dosage
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.16.6
Pervov A. G., Efremov R. V., Spitsov D. V., Andrianov A. P., Gorbunova T. P.
Membrane methods in drinking water supply: membrane selection, water quality prediction, concentrate utilization
Summary
It is shown that the use of membrane reverse osmosis and nanofiltration units for drinking water treatment is complicated by the presence of large amounts of concentrates subject to the discharge into the sewer. To reduce water use for local needs the technology of concentrate treatment at the additional stage with the use of nanofiltration membranes was developed and tested. The flow of the generated concentrate is less than 1–6% of the total water flow rate whereas the second stage filtrate can be blended with either treated or incoming water depending on the hardness or presence of such pollutants as iron, ammonium, fluorine, arsenic etc. Process flow schemes, mass balance and the composition of incoming water, filtrate and concentrate at different treatment stages are presented.
Key words
filtrate , reverse osmosis , nanofiltration , drinking water supply , membrane method , concentrate utilization
|
UDC 628.1:661.183.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.05
Volkov Sergei, Luk’ianchuk Maksim, Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A., Portnova T. M., Galaktionova Ol’ga, Akchurin Aleksandr, Samonin Viacheslav, Podviaznikov M. L., Spiridonova E. A., Riabykh Viktoriia, Mekhnetsov Il’ia
Technology of using powdered activated carbon: the experience of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»
Summary
In the context of progressive urbanization of territories, increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, global climate change, high probability of environmental and manmade disasters, depletion of natural resources and the current demographic situation, the risk of reducing the level of safety of drinking water supply increases. At present, the threat of probable pollution of water sources due to possible terrorist sabotages or manmade disasters has significantly increased. There is a potential hazard of detecting toxic chemicals in intake water. Surface sources of water supply are subject to significant fluctuations in water quality owing to the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. One of the key tasks to be considered is possible prompt and effective neutralization of the water source pollution with organic substances of natural and artificial origin in order to eliminate supplying water of non-normative quality to the consumers. The feasibility of increasing the reliability of sorption technologies alongside with introducing production processes that meet modern requirements has been estimated.
Key words
sorption , powdery activated carbon , drinking water supply , technical process , automatic process control system
|
|
