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Number 11 / 2025
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UDC 620.92:697.3:621.577
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.01
Khabirov Iulai, Gataullina Alina, Solov’ev Ruslan, Vazhdaev Konstantine
Feasibility study of using thermal power of wastewater
for improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities operation
Summary
A cost effectiveness analysis of using a system for recovering the thermal power of effluent for heating incoming wastewater to enhance the biological treatment process, as well as for heating the premises of wastewater treatment facilities was conducted. With account of the energy cost in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the operating and capital costs of the proposed method for arranging the heating of wastewater treatment facilities with two alternative options: using gaseous fuel (a block-type gas boiler house) and electric heating devices were estimated. The pay-back period was determined using the overhead cost equivalence method for the proposed design options. The energy efficiency was calculated based on the annual fuel and energy consumption expressed in tons of fuel equivalent. It was shown that the wastewater heating system using a heat pump requires the lowest operating costs (RUB 6.9 to heat 1 m3 of wastewater by 10°C, or RUB 1.3 million per year). The system is also the most energy- and cost-effective since it consumes the minimum fuel equivalent and provides for reducing the cost of expensive primary energy resources by 127 tons of fuel equivalent per year.
Key words
sewerage treatment facilities , heat pump , power efficiency , secondary thermal energy , recovery , pay-back period
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UDC 628.1:69.059.4
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.02
Latypova Tat’iana, Lutsyk Ekaterina, Lutsyk Vladislav
Strategy for repair and reconstruction of clean water tanks
Summary
The tank farm of water supply systems in Russia is represented mainly by reinforced concrete tanks of various volumes. Due to their long service life, often exceeding the standard, these facilities have specific defects and damage that reduce their operational reliability. Analysis of the results of technical inspections of tanks of different design, capacity, and service life indicates that the defects and damage are related either to physical deterioration of the structures because of corrosion or to the uneven earth foundation settling. This damage and deformation of the structures result in loss of tank integrity. Restoring the operational reliability of structures is possible two-ways: capital repairs or reconstruction. Currently, the domestic regulatory framework lacks documents regulating the choice of repair and reconstruction methods for drinking water supply tanks. The study materials are presented that can be used as a substantiation of draft regulations including a list of tank repair and reconstruction works, as well as the technology. Performing these works will provide for the reliability of tanks with varying service lives, both until the end of their standard service life and for the subsequent design period.
Key words
protection from corrosion , clean water tank , эксплуатационная надежность конструкций , structural damage , integrity restoration , durability of reinforced concrete , service life , repair and reconstruction
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UDC 628.16
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.03
GERASIMOV M. M., Belyak А. А., Sverdlikov Aleksandr, Guliagina Ol’ga, Sorokin Aleksei
Results of the technical and technological audit
of the Chelyabinsk water treatment facilities complex
Summary
The results of a detailed technical and technological audit of the water treatment facilities of the Chelyabinsk Municipal Unitary Enterprise «Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal Industrial Association» are presented. The audit included a full integrated survey of the facilities and an analysis of the existing process flow diagrams for each of the five treatment units. Key operational and process problems at the water treatment facilities were identified. Performance checking calculations for the main structures of all the five units were conducted. Options for the upgrade of the treatment facility unit designs were proposed with the use of additional chemicals and water purification methods. Pilot tests of the upgraded process flow schemes for all units were conducted, confirming the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed technical solutions.
Key words
water treatment , demanganization , chlorammoniation , water treatment facilities complex , technical and technological audit , technology upgrade , carbon addition
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UDC 620.161:661.183.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.04
Mishina Svetlana, Fliagin Aleksandr, Rozhkova Elizaveta
Coagulation of coal suspensions with aluminum sulfate
and polyacrylamide-based flocculants in water purification
Summary
This study addresses the issue of sedimentation stability of SPDK-2 activated carbon suspensions in water purification processes. Despite its high sorption activity, activated carbon forms stable dispersions that complicate further water purification. The study examined the effectiveness of aluminum sulfate coagulant and polyacrylamide-based flocculants (non-ionic AK-631, anionic Polypam A-SG, cationic Polypam C-YZ, C-QG, C-GM, C-WQ, C-QE, and C-QU) in aggregating carbon particles in natural water of the Penza water reservoir. Microscopic analysis was used to estimate the aggregation efficiency of the sorbent particles. The calibrated drop method was used to record particle sizes and average the obtained data. It was found that cationic flocculants, particularly C-QG, exhibit a synergistic effect with aluminum sulfate forming large aggregates (mass-average particle radius of 0.103 mm while using a mixture of 80 mg/l aluminum sulfate and 0.2 mg/l C-QG flocculant). The highest efficiency was achieved with a combination of 40–80 mg/l of aluminum sulfate and 0.1–0.2 mg/l of C-QG flocculant. The results obtained have practical implications for the optimization of the water purification processes at the water treatment facilities in the Penza Region and demonstrate the feasibility of using charged reagents for hydrophobic carbon sorbents.
Key words
coagulation , water treatment , sedimentation , aluminium sulphate , activated carbon , flocculation , polyacrylamide , aggregation , synergistic effect
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UDC 556.18:628.543.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.05
Nikolenko Il’ia, Safonov Aleksandr, Bekirova Zera
The impact of the Simferopol wastewater treatment system on the chemical and physico-chemical parameters of the Salgir River water
Summary
Based on the analysis of the impact of the Simferopol wastewater treatment system on the changes in the chemical and physico-chemical parameters of the Salgir River water, possible diverting a part of the water source flow to ensure sustainable water supply has been demonstrated. As a result of the failure at the Kakhovka Reservoir hydraulic structure, supplying water from the Dnieper by gravity is currently impossible. Therefore, a comprehensive feasibility study is needed to use the Mezhgornoe off-river storage reservoir by diverting a part of the Salgir River flow. The carried-out analysis showed that generally the efficiency of the Simferopol wastewater treatment system is satisfactory. Considering the high pollution level of the river upstream the effluent discharge point some slight pollution in terms of suspended solids and total iron (COD) caused by the effluent discharge was detected. The Simferopol wastewater treatment system produces a negative impact on the water quality of the Salgir River in terms of the ammonium and nitrite ion levels. The carried-out analysis forms the basis for a feasibility study for design solutions on using the Mezhgornoe storage reservoir for water supply by diverting a part of the Salgir River flow.
Key words
suspended substances , treatment system , reservoir , wastewater , COD , total iron , river flow , ammonium ion , nitrite ion
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UDC 628.3.504.054
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.06
Khairulina Tat’iana, Glebova Irina, Mediankina Mariia
Estimation of the qualitative composition of wastewater at CHP-plant no. 16 in Moscow
Summary
The problem of the pollution of wastewater generated at Moscow CHP-plant no. 16 and the effluent discharged into the Moskva River is considered. Increased focus is on the wastewater composition and treatment effectiveness. The main sources of pollution are described, including wash water, wastes from chemical washing, and wastewater from the water treatment facilities. Particular attention is paid to heavy metals and oil products that significantly deteriorate the wastewater quality. An important aspect is the need for wastewater monitoring and analysis to control the pollution and estimate effectiveness of the treatment facilities. The research methods include organoleptic evaluation and special photometric and titrimetric methods that provide for the precise specification of the pollution composition. The results showed that wastewater from CHP-plant no. 16 contained exceeded maximum permissible concentrations of oil products and iron which confirms the need to improve the treatment systems. The importance of monitoring wastewater at heat and power plants is emphasized since it is a significant source of the environmental pollution.
Key words
cleansing , wastewater , water treatment , pollutants , CHP-plant , MPC
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UDC 628.247
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.07
Zakharov Iurii
Maintaining the quality of sewer pipeline rehabilitation
with the use of flexible polymer liners
Summary
The technical condition of sewer pipelines in the Russian Federation is deteriorating with each passing year. Under the federal project «Upgrade of Public Utilities Infrastructure» 4.5 trillion rubles will be allocated for the major repairs and reconstruction of water supply and sewer networks by 2030. The effectiveness of investments is determined primarily by the quality of construction and the durability of the networks after repair and rehabilitation. A modern approach to maintaining the quality of sewer pipeline rehabilitation using flexible polymer liners is presented in the paper. This technology has gained deserved acceptance among the professionals as a cost-effective solution for eliminating within a short time a wide range of pipeline damage. Implementing a quality maintaining system for pipeline rehabilitation using flexible polymer liners will not only provide for the long-term, trouble-free operation of pipeline systems but also for the improvement of the effectiveness of import phase-out efforts.
Key words
leak-proofness , pipeline , water disposal , flexible polymer liner , steady-state stability , integrity , technical approval
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UDC 628.29:629.3.016
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.11.08
Shuvalov Mikhail, Palagin Evgenii, Pavlukhin Aleksei, Avdeenkov Pavel
Engineering and economical comparison of the surface runoff disposal options
Summary
The results of an engineering and economical comparison of two surface runoff disposal options are presented. Option 1 involves the use of treatment facilities discharging the effluent into a water body; option 2 involves the use of a storage tank followed by the discharge of surface runoff into a public sewer. The comparison was based on life-cycle costs over a 25-year operational period for new construction of treatment facilities with a capacity of 250 m3/h and storage tanks with a capacity of 6,000 m3. Option 2 involving surface runoff discharge into a public sewer, was determined to be the most cost-effective, with an economic efficiency of 214.75 mln rubles. This 46.59% economic efficiency is achieved by reducing capital expenditures. Furthermore, one of the main expenditure items is the sewer user fee that virtually offsets the difference in operating costs.
Key words
surface runoff , treatment facilities , life cycle cost , storage settling tank , domestic wastewater disposal system
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