Methods of supplementary chlorination in the long sections
of the water mains in Novokuznetsk

Summary

According to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, while supplying water to the distribution network, the concentration of residual free chlorine in it should be from 0.3 to 0.5 mg/l, and that of residual combined chlorine – from 0.8 to 1.2 mg/l; in the distribution network, the concentration of residual free chlorine is not regulated; however, the quality of drinking water should be epidemically safe. To address this problem, the specialists of the chief process engineer department at Vodokanal LLC studied the technologies of supplementary chlorination in the water transportation system at one or several stages, and of chlorammoniation at the water treatment facilities. It has been established that chlorammoniation provides for a prolonged action of chlorine in water and prevents the formation of carcinogens. However, after the introduction of ammonia, a foreign odor and aftertaste (pharmaceutical, medicinal) appeared in all analyzed samples. It was experimentally proved that during chlorammoniation in summer during hot periods and with the presence of foreign moldy odor in the river water, ammoniation did not either prevent or reduce the intensity of foreign odor and aftertaste in drinking water. Various technologies of supplementary chlorination in the water transportation system were studied and local supplementary chlorination of drinking water by membrane electrolysis was recommended.

Key words

chlorammoniation , residual chlorine , membrane electrolyzer , supplementary chlorination , water odor and aftertaste

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УДК 628.166

Platonov M. M., Kochelaeva G. A.

Optimization of drinking water chlorammoniation process

Summary

Water disinfection is the most important function of the public water supply. Chlorammoniation used for this purpose has a number of advantages compared to the traditional chlorination. However, it sets raised requirements to the analytical control instruments which limit the automation potential. Different control parameters are considered in relation to their possible application for the automation of the disinfection process. It is shown that the best parameter indicative of the optimal conditions of the process is the concentration of free ammonium. To choose a method of measuring free ammonium under the conditions of chlorammoniation at the existing water supply facilities tests on monitoring free ammonium by different methods were carried out. The limitations of some laboratory techniques are shown together with the advantages of the method using a gas-selective electrode, particularly in automatic analysis. The method of free ammonium monitoring with the use of an automatic analyzer with a gas-selective electrode has a number of advantages: a clear criterion of the optimal process conditions; the lowest absolute error of the measurements; possible use of the method for the automation of chlorine (ammonium) dosing. The operational tests showed the efficiency of the given method of the process control, reliable operation of the analyzer and good repeatability in relation to the laboratory data.

Key words

water disinfection , chlorammoniation , free ammonium , gas-selective electrode , automatic analysis

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UDC 628.16.065.2-926:628.16.094.413.094.3

Pokhil Yu. N., Bagaev Iurii, Mamaev V. V., Novoshintsev V. N., Valuyskikh I. V., Zhagin V. A., Boldyrev Viacheslav Viktorovich, Shokolov A. N., Belousova T. V., Smirnov V. P.

Optimization of flocculation and chlorammoniation processes at the water treatment facilities of the city of Novosibirsk

Summary

The results of long-term studies to improve the design and operating parameters of the pumping-filtration stations in Novosibirsk are presented. The schemes of the developed processes and technical means for the enhancement of disinfection and flocculation are given. The results of research on improving the processes of mixing and flocculation to provide for reducing the consumption of coagulant by more than 50% without water quality degradation achieving precipitation of the major sludge amount in the flotation chambers and at the entry of the sedimentation tanks, respectively, reducing the pollution load on filters and water consumption for their backwash. Based on the results of the research on the improvement of the technology of chlorammoniation a predictable and well-controlled process has been developed with a guaranteed decrease in the concentration of chlororganic compounds within the limits of the MPCs as well as the elimination of chloramines with the highest degree of oxidation and nitrification. The process ensures the reduction of secondary water pollution and bacteriological and hydrobiological pollution of the water treatment facilities.

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Key words

disinfection , water treatment , intensification , flocculation , chlorammoniation , mixing , stoichiometric calculation

UDC 628.166.094.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.12.02

Raff P. A.

Experience in retrofitting chlorammoniation technology
at the water treatment facilities in Severodvinsk

Summary

The results of retrofitting natural water chlorammoniation technology at the water treatment facilities in Severodvinsk are presented. The specific features of processing river water with a high concentration of organic substances are considered using the example of WTP-1 and WTP-2. It has been shown that using chlorammoniation technology at the water treatment facilities with different input points of ammonium sulfate makes provides for preparing drinking water that meets current standards for basic chemical and microbiological indicators.

Key words

potable water , chromaticity , chloroform , permanganate oxidizability , chlorammoniation , ammonia nitrogen , combined chlorine , free chlorine , organic pollution

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UDC 628.16

Pokhil Yu. N., Bagaev Iurii, Novoshintsev V. N.

Preparation of high quality water in the city of Novosibirsk

Summary

The current concept of water treatment is based on the simultaneous sustainable use of several methods, technologies and technical solutions that provide for the high water quality and multibarrier protection. Such approach is implemented at the filtration pumping stations operated by «Gorvodokanal» of Novosibirsk, MUE. Water treatment is carried out following the traditional flow scheme: horizontal settling tanks and rapid filters with chlorine disinfection. Lately the water treatment technology has been improved according to the new regulatory requirements and on the basis of the conducted research. The stages of improving water treatment technologies at the filtration pumping stations operated by «Gorvodokanal» of Novosibirsk, MUE are described. The availability of several technologies and technical solutions focused on ensuring the epidemiological safety and high water quality in the process flow scheme not only makes this scheme exclusively sustainable and versatile but also minimizes the drawbacks typical for each of the methods. The introduction of the described technologies and technical solutions provided for achieving the maximum efficiency of water treatment, optimizing the operation expenses, reducing the negative by-effects and ensuring high drinking water quality. In case of emergency (in case of water source pollution) the availability of several technologies will help to reduce the risks of water quality deterioration at the treatment facilities.

Key words

ultra-violet disinfecting , water treatment , pumping-filtration station , chlorammoniation , innovative technical developments , multibarrier protection

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UDC 628.161.3

Troshkova E. A., Zhukova V. I., Alekseev S. E.

The use of ammonium sulfate in water treatment at the Metelevskii water treatment facilities of Tumen

Summary

The purpose of the work was increasing the efficiency of water disinfection technology at the Metelevskii water treatment facilities of Tumen without abandoning liquid chlorine use. The subject of the studies was the process of disinfection of the Tura river water and water after purification at the water intake near Metelevo settlement upstream of Tumen. For water disinfection at the municipal water treatment plants chlorine is used. The Tura river water contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants that cause high chlorine consumption; depending upon the season chlorine dosage varies from 3.5 to 17 mg/l. Therefore to ensure reliable disinfection of the water the use of high chlorine dosages is required. Besides, the total length of water mains and municipal distribution pipelines exceeds one thousand kilometers; whereas long-term operation caused their poor condition. Another problem arising in the process of river water treatment are specific odors (to 5 points) emerging occasionally in raw water that strengthen during disinfection with chlorine. Beginning from 2004 the specialists of the Metelevskii water treatment facilities have carried out laboratory and preparatory works on disinfecting river water with chlorination and ammoniation; and in accordance with the results – pilot tests. The main technical and technological aspects of using chlorammoniation at the Tumen water treatment facilities are considered. The results confirmed the efficiency of the given method of water disinfection. In addition, the water quality in the municipal distribution network was preserved, whereas the concentration of chlororganic compounds lowered.

Key words

ammonium sulphate , water supply plant , ammonization , chlororganic compounds , drinking water disinfection , chlorine consumption , chlorammoniation

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