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Number2 / 2026
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UDC 628.16
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.02.01
Raff Polina
A review of the current research and advanced methods of highly colored natural water purification
Summary
In northern regions the management of water resources characterized by high color and significant natural organic matter content, represents one of the greatest challenges for modern water treatment systems. The traditional purification methods are often insufficiently effective for such water, spurring the active search and development of new, superior technologies. Over the past decade and a half, the research has shifted toward combined, hybrid solutions that not only provide for the high levels of purification but also meet the economic feasibility and environmental safety requirements. The review systematizes the current research and methods for highly colored natural water purification being studied and applied in Russia and overseas.
Key words
chromaticity , ultrafiltration , oxidation , ferrates , humic and fulvic acids , coagulation purification , total and dissolved organic carbon
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UDC 628.16
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.02.02
Bulatova Natal’ia
Efficient methods of rapid filter wash
Summary
This paper dwells upon rapid filter wash methods, focusing on air washing that significantly reduces water consumption, pumping equipment size, and facility volume. The operating principles of rapid filters including their design and drainage systems are discussed. The filtration process and filter media specificity are described. Also discussed are the disadvantages of the traditional water washing, such as hydraulic separation and high water consumption resulting in the operating costs increase. The proposed methods for improving the wash efficiency, including the use of air-water washing technology and wash intensity alternation, highlight the importance of innovative approaches in water treatment.
Key words
water-air flushing , drainage system , water treatment , rapid filter , filtering material
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UDC 628.179.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.02.03
Vurdova Nadezhda, Ovchinnikova Tat’iana, Mart’ianov Grigorii, Vurdov Petr
Study of the eco-economic efficiency of electrochemical pH correction for reducing hardness salts
Summary
In industry, water recycling systems or units have been widely used to cool equipment and other industrial processes. One of the main problems associated with operating these systems is scale formation owing to the presence of hardness salts, such as calcium and magnesium compounds. Traditional addressing water hardness problems involves the use of chemicals such as phosphates and polyphosphates to bind calcium and magnesium ions, preventing their precipitation. Electrochemical pH correction provides for a more environmentally friendly solution. Changing water pH by electrolysis enhances the precipitation of hardness salts as insoluble compounds, that can be further removed from the system. The theoretical foundations and mechanism of water softening by electrochemical treatment are examined. It is noted, however, that direct reduction of hardness salts using electrochemical pH correction alone is not possible. It is expected that electrochemical methods can significantly enhance water softening processes and improve the efficiency. The eco-economic efficiency of the electrochemical pH correction method for the side stream filtration system of an industrial water recycling unit is estimated.
Key words
softening , electrolyzer , electrochemical treatment , water hardness , water recycling facilities , eco-economic efficiency
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UDC 556.18:628.16
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.02.04
Gnezdilov Aleksei, Nikolenko Il’ia, Riabtsev Mikhail
Problems and development prospects of supplying water to the new regions through the example of the Kherson region
Summary
Based on a survey of public water supply systems in populated areas of the Kherson region the key issues that form the basis for developing solutions for the regional water supply development are specified. Because of the accident at the waterworks of the Kakhovka water reservoir, water supply from the Dnieper River is currently unavailable. Accordingly, the problems of the water scarcity, that is a meaningful constraint of the operation of water supply systems in many populated areas of the Kherson region are considered. An analysis of the water management complex of the Kherson region was carried out including two of the largest irrigation systems of the Russian Federation, that provide for the basic agricultural irrigation in the Azov and Black Sea regions, as well as for the water supply systems for the residents of parts of the Kherson, Zaporozhian regions and the Crimean Peninsula. It was proposed to apply theoretical developments and practical experience gained in Crimea to ensure water security in the region amid water scarcity. An analysis of the obtained results was conducted, and recommendations were submitted for the prospective development of the water supply systems in the Kherson region.
Key words
water supply system , reservoir , water resources , water industry , irrigation system , underground source
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UDC 628.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.02.05
Ambrosova G. T., Lazareva Mariia, Kruglikova Anastasiia
Problems at the local wastewater treatment facilities
of the Amur gas processing plant and ways of their solution
Summary
The results of pilot testing of advanced domestic wastewater treatment technology at the Amur Gas Processing Plant are presented. The project was studied in detail; a checking calculation of the operating wastewater treatment facility was performed based on the actual performance and flow rates; design defects and gaps were revealed; and solutions to address them were developed and proposed. Improvements to the wastewater treatment technology were discussed with the design and construction organizations. Some of these improvements have already been piloted, while others, more costly in terms of material and labor resources, are scheduled for elimination soon.
Key words
nitrification , denitrification , activated sludge , local sewerage treatment facilities , efficiency of treatment , membrane sludge separator , hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membranes
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UDC 628:001.32
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.02.06
Chernikov N., Tvardovskaya Nadezhda, Terekhov L. D.
130th anniversary of the first in Russia Water Supply and Drainage Department
Summary
The issues of the history of the Department of Water Supply and Drainage (currently the Department of Water Supply, Sewerage, and Hydraulics at Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University) are considered, including the period of teaching the fundamentals of water supply, wastewater disposal, hydraulics, and sanitary hydraulic engineering since the founding of the Institute of the Corps of Railway Engineers in 1809. Information is provided on the heads of the Department and some prominent alumni, as well the main research areas.
Key words
water supply , water disposal , scientific school , drainage , Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University
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