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UDC 628.16.065
Belyak А. А., ZHAVORONKOVA V. I., SMIRNOV A. D., Lainer Yu. A., Milkov G. A.
Investigating the coagulating capacity of advanced aluminium-containing coagulants in natural water treatment
Summary
The results of testing three new coagulants developed at the A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences: two North-Onega bauxite-based coagulants and one red-mud-based coagulant are presented. The test results showed that the overall performance of water treatment with optimal dosages of the new coagulants was practically similar to the treatment with traditional aluminium sulfate, except for the red-mud-based coagulant that increased the concentration of iron ions in water after treatment.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , coagulant , iron , efficiency of treatment , natural water treatment
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.10.04
UDC 544.77.052.22
Burganov Renat, Khasanova D. I., Gil’mutdinova Gul’fiia, Кирилова М. А., Kovrizhnykh E. A.
Studying and selecting effective flocculants for the purification of the Kama River water
Summary
Using the Kama River water as an example, the advantage of using flocculants of various ionic activity in combination with a coagulant based on polyaluminum chloride is shown. The results of studies of the main physical and chemical indicators are presented that better characterize the specific features of the coagulation of the Kama River water. Under the experimental conditions all tested flocculants were comparable as for the effectiveness to the flocculant based on polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride currently used at the water unit of Nizhnekamskneftekhim PJSC. In the process of water clarification using a flocculant (sample No. 1) was proposed with a dose of 1–3 mg/dm3. It was shown that the combined use of polyaluminum chloride and the flocculant (sample No. 1) was more effective for extracting aluminum ions from water. The method of river water coagulation with the use of the flocculant (sample No. 1) differs from the existing one in higher cost-effectiveness and 50–60% reduction the of the chemical consumption.
Key words
clarification , flocculation , coagulant , flocculant , efficiency of treatment , river water , residual aluminium , chemical dosage , polyaluminum chloride , polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride , test coagulation
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UDC 628.16.069
Kofman V. Ya.
Dissolved-air flotation in water treatment (a review of foreign literature)
Summary
A review of foreign literature on one of the perspective water treatment technologies, i. e. dissolved-air flotation, is presented. The process of dissolved-air flotation provides for decreasing water turbidity, eliminating algae, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts; whereby, the treatment efficiency is higher compared to sedimentation. The technology ensures efficient removal of low turbidity levels. Overseas, beyond controversy, the tendency of using dissolved-air flotation units for purification of water and wastewater of different origin is increasing.
Key words
water treatment , efficiency of treatment , pressure flotation , hydraulic loading
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UDC 628.212.2/3
Vatin N. I., Grekov Mikhail, Leonov L. V., Probirsky M. D., Rublevskaya O. N., Chechevichkin A. V., Iakunin L. A.
The experience of year-round operation of FOPS® filter in the purification of surface runoff from technologically disturbed resident areas
Summary
At present residential areas in big cities in particular, have been exposed to technogenic pollution related to heavy traffic, development of managed territories including areas close to big shopping and leisure centers and other crowded places. In order to improve the quality of life for the citizens and reduce the negative impact on the environment special attention shall be paid to the collection, removal and treatment of surface runoff from such territories. The purpose of testing FOPS®-MU filter during four seasons (spring – summer – autumn –winter – spring) was the assessment of the efficiency and practicability of operating this equipment for surface runoff treatment. In the process of observations it was stated that the main source of the pollution of surface runoff from resident areas (suspended solids, oil products, iron, manganese) was automobile transport. Peak concentrations of some pollutants reached 150–400 maximum permissible concentrations set for the effluent discharged into the municipal sewer. Year-round continuous operation (for 13 months) of FOPS®-MU filter showed high treatment efficiency in relation to different pollutants during the entire testing period without any loss of the operating capacity including after the negative temperature period. The high performance characteristics of FOPS®-MU filter were also promoted by using FOPS®-K filter-basket for collecting waste.
Key words
surface runoff , efficiency of treatment , residential area , sewer manhole , filter cartridge , filter-basket
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UDC 628.212.2/.316
Prodous O. A., Mikhailov A. V.
The experience of using peat filtration for surface runoff treatment
Summary
The 20-year experience of using peat filtration technology for surface runoff treatment has been described. The advantages of the technology are given; the simplicity of operation in a large range of surface wastewater amount is noted. The choice of treatment technology and filtering materials is a rather complicated task, since it requires achieving effective purification at minimum cost and without using extra electricity. The natural origin of peat, its availability, good filtering properties, ease of disposal and low cost determine the preference of its use in surface runoff treatment technologies. In the period 1994–2018 a group of companies developed a system for passive mechanical treatment of surface runoff using peat filtering materials. At the facilities of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation more than 900 systems for the purification of surface runoff of various amounts were introduced including more than 300 on the R-21 Kola highway and large Pulkovo-3 facilities with a capacity of 700 m3/h in St. Petersburg. The absence of the need to use electricity even in minimal amounts has provided for the efficiency of such technologies. The widespread introduction of peat filtration can be attributed to the best available technologies.
Key words
surface runoff , efficiency of treatment , peat filtration , filtering material
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UDC 628.212.2/.3
Vatin N. I., Grekov Mikhail, Leonov L. V., Probirsky M. D., Rublevskaya O. N., Chechevichkin A. V., Iakunin L. A.
Results of the test operation of FOPS® filter for treatment of stormwater runoff from residential areas in St. Petersburg
Summary
In the process of designing facilities for the treatment of surface runoff from residential areas certain difficulties arise with determining the composition and actual concentrations of pollutants required for the calculations. The task of the work was testing the operation on-site of a filter cartridge for the purification of polluted surface runoff flowing into the storm sewer from the residential area during the spring-summer period. The results of the study of the composition of surface runoff from the residential area and possible treatment with the use of a filter cartridge (FOPS®-MU) are presented. It is shown that highways contribute much to the pollution of the surface runoff from the residential areas. The main pollutants are suspended solids, oil products, iron and manganese. It is stated that the use of FOPS® - MU filter provides for the high efficiency of the surface runoff treatment during the entire period (April – September) without any losses of the nominal capacity.
Key words
surface runoff , efficiency of treatment , residential area , sewer manhole , filter cartridge
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UDC 628.35
Obuzdin S. Iu., Gubin D. I.
Reconstruction of the right-bank wastewater treatment facilities
of Irkutsk
Summary
Practically in all Russian cities the deterioration of the water and wastewater networks and facilities averages about 70%. Many of the facilities have been not only worn but also outmoded and do not meet the current technical and environmental requirements. The right-bank and left-bank wastewater treatment facilities of Irkutsk for many years have been overloaded: at the design capacity of 300 thousand m3/day the actual incoming wastewater flow has been 360 thousand m3/day. Lately, due to the significant reduction of the specific water consumption the incoming wastewater flow has reached 295 thousand m3/day. However the composition of the wastewater in relation to many parameters changed significantly; whereas the treatment efficiency lowered. As a result of the long time operation without heavy overhaul under the conditions of the corrosive wastewater a great number of reinforced concrete storage tanks, pipelines and equipment have been in poor state and need dismantling, repair, replacement and upgrade. In order to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment the following basic process stages have been proposed: primary mechanical treatment; grit removal; biological treatment with nitrogen removal in the processes of nitrification-denitrification; chemical phosphorus removal by sedimentation method; enhanced treatment (organics and ammonia nitrogen removal) in a moving-bed bioreactor; suspended substances removal by enhanced tertiary treatment in sand filters; UV-disinfection. Upon complete reconstruction the required wastewater treatment level will meet the sanitary standards of the effluent quality to be discharged into water bodies.
Key words
reconstruction , sewerage treatment facilities , efficiency of treatment , wastewater composition
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UDC 628.16.081.3:351.777.6
Lebed’-Sharlevich Ia. I., Beliaeva N. I., Mamonov R. A., Pechnikova I. A., Kharchevnikova N. V., Khokhriakov A. A., Zholdakova Z. I
Sanitary and epidemiological safety and efficiency of silicocarbonic sorbent used for removing oil and oil products from water
Summary
The results of research for the sanitary and epidemiological evaluation and determination of the efficiency of using TSHR silicocarbonic sorbent manufactured by «Khiminzhiniring» LLC for removing oil and oil products from water are presented. Sorption methods based on the physical and chemical interaction of oil with solid oil absorbing material – sorbent efficiently remove oil from the surface of water bodies. The use of sorbent can be combined with mechanical methods of oil spill skimming and biological methods of decomposition of oil collected from the sorbent surface. The investigated TSHR silicocarbonic sorbent is a product of special thermal destruction of rice husk; it appears as «carbon –silicon dioxide» finely dispersed binary solid structure. With the use of chemico-analytical and toxicological methods the sorbent safety related to toxic and allergic action was studied as well as its capability to remove oil components and inorganic substances from water. Sorption methods based on physical and chemical interaction of oil with solid oil absorbing material – sorbent proved to be efficient in removing oil from the surface of water bodies. The use of sorbents can be combined with mechanical methods of oil spill skimming and biological methods of decomposition of oil collected from the sorbent surface. As a result of studies it was stated that TSHR sorbent met the sanitary and epidemiological requirements. The model tests revealed the sorbent efficiency in removing phenol, methylnaphthalene, chloroform, ethanol and inorganic compounds. It proves the possibility of using TSHR sorbent not only for removing oil from water in water bodies but also for water purification for drinking and other purposes. The necessity of carrying out additional field studies to determine wider range of dissolved oil components and the efficiency of sorbent use for removing oil film and dissolved substances is stated.
Ключевые слова
water treatment , efficiency of treatment , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety , sorbent , oil and oil products
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UDC 628.16.065.2
Getmantsev S. V.
System of Selection of Effective Technologies of Natural Water Treatment with the Use of Aluminium-Containing Coagulant
Summary
The accumulated experimental data on the use of aluminium-containing coagulants for natural water treatment found a reflection in numerous publications and monographs. The results of these studies make it possible to judge about the efficiency of application of aluminium sulphate and aluminium polyoxychloride for treatment of surface waters of various compositions as well as evaluate the influence of different water quality indicators on the efficiency of the use of coagulants. Data and results of own studies on the use of AQUA-AURAT™ coagulants which make it possible to reveal certain regularities are systematized and generalized. The algorithm of selection of AQUA-AURAT™ coagulants and technologies of their use depending on the quality indicators of natural water and characteristics of coagulants has been developed. The offered system realized in the form of a program module may serve as a practical instrument for selection of a reagent and determination of technological parameters of natural water treatment at existing or newly-designed treatment facilities.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , coagulation , natural water , aluminium-containig coagulant , efficiency of treatment
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