DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.06.05
УДК 628.16.081.32
Ahmed Sameh Abdelfattah Araby, Gogina Elena
Phenol adsorption on industrial activated carbon: evaluation of efficiency
Summary
The adsorption of phenol on activated carbon is considered one of the most efficient wastewater treatment systems. In this regard, the effectiveness of two Russian manufactured industrial activated carbon types in removing phenol from wastewater has been studied. The samples included powdered activated carbon (made from birch charcoal) and crushed activated carbon (made from coconut shells). The study was carried out under the conditions of pH variation and the effect of contact time and different initial concentrations of phenol on the adsorption process. The study was further expanded to clarify the adsorption kinetics and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The results showed that activated carbon retained the maximum adsorption capacity over a wide pH range of 2 to 9. This fact proves the usability of coal for removing phenol from various wastewater types. The adsorption mechanism using both activated carbon samples followed the pseudo-second order and corresponded to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 185.19 and 172.41 mg/g for powdered and crushed coal, respectively, suggesting a high efficiency of phenol removal from wastewater.
Key words
wastewater , phenols , adsorption , activated carbon , adsorption kinetics and isotherms
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UDC 628.21:628.52
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.03
Svitskov S. V., Lobanov Fedor, Rublevskaya O. N., Klokov Aleksandr, Malykh Ol’ga
Current methods of odor control in accordance with Amendment No. 2 of CP 32.13330.2018
Summary
In connection with the increasing demands of the environmental health, the issue of eliminating unpleasant odors holds a specific place. This problem is especially relevant for wastewater facilities; accordingly, it is reflected in the new editions of sectorial regulations and reference books. The main recommendations of Code of Practice 32.13330.2018 regarding the measurement, control and elimination of odor from organized and unorganized odor sources at wastewater disposal and treatment facilities are highlighted. The practical experience of applying the technologies specified in the CP 32.13330.2018 is described.
Key words
odor , reeking substances , water supply-sewerage services , adsorption , olfactometry , deodorizing chemicals
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.03
UDC 544.723
Krasnova Tamara, Belyaeva Ekaterina, Belyaeva Oxana, Gora Natalia, Ivanova Liudmila
The use of carbon sorbents to remove manganese from aqueous media
Summary
The work is devoted to the study of manganese adsorption from aqueous solutions by carbon materials. The data on the concentration of manganese compounds in the surface and underground waters of the Kemerovo Region, as well as possible sources of its entry into natural waters are given. A brief analysis of the proposed methods of water demanganation is given. The experimental results of the studies of Mn (II) extraction from aqueous media under equilibrium conditions with carbon sorbents of different price categories, differing in the raw materials, production technology, technical characteristics and chemical state of the surface, are presented. It has been established that the greatest amount of manganese is extracted by ABG sorbent. The obtained adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the theories of monomolecular adsorption (Freundlich and Langmuir equations); and the main adsorption parameters were calculated. It is determined that the Langmuir model describes manganese adsorption isotherms with a lower correlation, which allows to assume manganese adsorption on heterogeneous adsorption centers. The approximate consumption of the sorbent required to remove manganese from water to the standard values was estimated. Per totality of the data obtained for the demanganation of natural waters, a carbon sorbent is proposed characterized with the high adsorption capacity in relation to manganese and coupled with the low cost.
Key words
potable water , ground water , carbonic sorbent , manganese , adsorption
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.07
UDC 628.16.081.32
Ahmed Sameh Abdelfattah Araby, Gogina Elena
Study of the competitive adsorption of a mixture of phenol and ammonia nitrogen on activated carbon
Summary
Phenol and ammonia nitrogen are considered typical pollutants present in industrial wastewater from various industries. Application of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a mathematical model for the simultaneous adsorption of phenol and ammonia nitrogen on activated carbon. The combined effect of pH, carbon doses, the initial concentration of phenol, and the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen on the efficiency of adsorption was studied. Simulation using RSM gave a nontransformed quadratic model for phenol removal and a square root transformed linear model for ammonia nitrogen removal. The results of the study showed a positive effect of increasing the carbon dose on the adsorption of phenol, while an increase in the initial concentration of phenol had a negative effect on the efficiency of its adsorption. Almost complete removal of phenol was achieved within 90 minutes at pH4. In addition, the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen improved with increasing pH and carbon dose. The presence of ammonia nitrogen adversely affected the removal of phenol with pH increasing. However, the presence of phenol does not affect the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen.
Key words
wastewater , simulation , phenols , adsorption , ammonia nitrogen , activated carbon
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.08.05
UDC 628.35
Zoubov M. G., Vilson Elena, Obukhov Dmitrii
Method of combined treatment of air terminal wastewater and liquid wastes from dry closets of aircrafts
Summary
The composition of the wastewater of air terminals includes sewage and industrial wastewater from the technological equipment of the food unit. Process flow schemes for wastewater treatment of air terminals do not provide for the reception and treatment of liquid wastes from water closets of aircrafts, that are highly concentrated in terms of COD, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus. In addition, they contain high concentrations of disinfectants with quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) as an active ingredient toxic to microorganisms. As a result of liquid waste discharge to the operating treatment facilities of the air terminal, the quality indicators of biological wastewater treatment have significantly deteriorated, and the properties of the biocenosis of the biofilm have also changed. The aim of the research was to determine a method for reducing the concentration of QAS to the level where the toxic effect on the biofilm biocenosis ceased, and to develop an appropriate process flow scheme. An analysis of the literature data on the impact of QAS on activated sludge microorganisms is presented; on this basis laboratory studies were carried out and a method was developed for the pre-treatment of liquid waste from aircraft water closets for the subsequent combined treatment with the air terminal sewage. In the course of the tests, the efficiency of pollution sorption, including QAS, by the preliminary regenerated excess activated sludge was determined. The technological parameters of the processes were determined; an efficient, reliable, easy-to-use process flow scheme for the combined treatment of sewage of the air terminal and liquid waste of water closets of aircrafts was developed and implemented.
Key words
biological treatment , surplus active silt , adsorption , air terminal wastewater , liquid waste of water closets of aircrafts , quaternary ammonium salts , pre-treatment
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.10.09
UDC 628.3:62-278
Kofman V. Ya.
Micromotors – a recent trend in developing water and wastewater treatment technologies (a review)
Summary
Micromotors are autonomous, performing certain functions, self-propelled microdevices based on inorganic, organic or biological materials. Implemented in a micromotor design are two functions: autonomous movement and effective capture and/or destruction of various chemicals, including pollutants. To ensure autonomous movement the micromotor device provides for the creation of local thermal, acoustic, chemical gradients arising from asymmetric morphology or surface structure. The movement is provided through the use of various energy sources including light, electric and magnetic fields, ultrasonic waves or chemical “fuel”. The chaotic trajectory of micromotors throughout the solution provides for the highly efficient interaction of the chemicals immobilized on their surface with the targeted pollutants or detectable substances. The most elaborated principle of creating autonomous movement is the generation of a recoil impulse at asymmetric formation of gas microbubbles as a result of a chemical reaction. Currently, the main studies on the use of micromotors in water purification processes are carried out in the areas of analysis of aqueous media, removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes and oil products, as well as water disinfection. It is estimated that micromotors possess unique capabilities in the field of detection and removal of pollutants in aqueous media due to a combination of adsorption and catalytic properties with autonomous movement.
Key words
disinfection , adsorption , water and wastewater treatment , micromotors , autonomous movement , catalysis , removal of pollutants
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UDC 628.16.001.2
Kofman V. Ya.
Scientific research in the field of drinking water treatment
Summary
From the bibliometric analysis the basic subject areas of the research in the field of drinking water were determined. The leading research institutions, periodicals and countries in this field are presented. The general information on the articles is supplemented with the data on the major scientometric indices based on the citation account: author’s H-index and impact factor of a journal. The basic topical trends are the state of environment, purification of drinking water from different sources, environmental pollution resulting from human intervention, toxicology. Water Research Journal (Great Britain) takes the leading position in water topics. From the data array under consideration (30 597 articles) 25 000 (around 80%) articles have been written by the authors from one country, 5381 articles are the results of the international cooperation. The authors of the articles are representatives from 168 countries. Among pollutants most often mentioned in the publications are: arsenic (1138 articles; 5.1%), fluorides (411; 1.8%), nitrates (351; 1.6%), lead (297; 1.3%), cadmium (274; 1.2%). For the reviewed period (1992–2011) 143 articles were dedicated to pharmaceuticals (0.64%). Among the treatment methods adsorption, ozonation and chlorination are most often mentioned. It was noted that in 2011 the number of published articles on chlorination was almost equal to that on ozonation; however, later the extent of chlorination research increased significantly. The recent popularity of adsorption can be explained not only by the wide use of the given technology in practice but in a greater degree by unsophisticated equipment, low costs of experiments and a great variety of adsorbents, including adsorbents produced from cheap agricultural and industrial wastes.
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , adsorption , array of articles , H-index , impact-factor
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.01.03
UDC 628.2:614.71
Ponomarenko A. M., Vlasov Dmitrii, Basov N. S., Novikov S. N., Koudryavtsev N. N., Kostyuchenko S. V.
On the choice of methods for removing malodorous substances from vent emissions of the transportation and wastewater treatment system
Summary
Over the past seven years, Mosvodokanal JSC has been actively implementing a program on eliminating the emission of malodorous substances at the wastewater transportation and treatment facilities: wastewater treatment facilities, wastewater pumping stations, etc. As part of the program, the necessary covering of open storage tanks (receiving chambers, discharge canals, grit chambers, primary settling tanks, etc.). Various methods of removing malodorous substances have been approbated including experimental-industrial and pilot tests. Based on the results of the field trials of various installations for removing malodorous substances from air, as well as with account of the technical and economic assessment of the operating costs, Mosvodokanal JSC is introducing sorption systems based on the photosorption-catalytic purification method. The implementation of the program ensured a tenfold reduction in the general background of malodorous substances on the premises of the facilities providing for the elimination of odors in the nearby residential areas of the city.
Key words
biofilter , adsorption , scrubber , atmospheric air quality regulations , photosorption-catalytical method , industrial methods of removing malodorous substances , cost of removing malodorous substances , electric-discharge technologies
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UDC 628.33
Alekseyev E. V.
On using «specific flotosorption» index in flotator process design
Summary
An approach to describing the process of extracting pollutants by flotation based on the adsorption mechanism of the interaction of the participating phases is suggested. Basing on these perceptions possible determination of the flotation engineering parameters is shown. The analysis of the typical dynamics of the water treatment process in contact flotation cell models is presented. The recommendations on determining the parameters of the flotation process: flotation cell capacity and supplied gas (air) flow rate are given.
Key words
flotation , adsorption , water treatment , Langmuir isotherm , specific flotosorption
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UDC 628.316.12:546.72
Filatova E. G., Pomazkina O. I., Dudarev V. I., Soboleva A. A.
Removing iron with carbon sorbent from plating wastes
Summary
The results of investigating adsorption capacity of sorbents in relation to iron ions (III) under static and dynamic conditions (with the use of isotherms and kinetic adsorption curves) are presented. To provide for removal of iron ions (III) and tertiary treatment of plating wastes IPI-T activated carbon was used that was produced from the wastes of phenol-formaldehyde resin production and modified with sulfosalicylic acid for IPI-Tm sorbent production was used. The maximum rate of sorbate passing through the sorbent layer was 5–7.5 ml/min which corresponded to the linear velocity of 1.5–2 m/h under full-scale conditions. The main factor that affects the sorption process is pH with optimal value of 1.79. Constants of BET adsorption equation for IPI-Tm modified sorbent were determined. The limiting sorption capacity of the monolayer was 128 mmol/kg, for IPI-T sorbent – 20.8 mmol/kg, limiting adsorption А∞ – 100 mmol/kg, adsorption equilibrium constant – 1·104; at that standard Gibbs energy of adsorption was 22.819 kJ/mol. Under dynamic conditions the time of the protective effect of IPI-Tm sorbent was 4 hours, i. e. 2 hours longer compared to IPI-T sorbent, and the volume capacity for IPI-Tm was 7.2 mg/l, i. e. twice as high as that for IPI-T.
Key words
wastewater , carbonic sorbent , adsorption , galvanic production , iron ions (III) , isotherm , kinetic curve
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UDC 628.16/.31
Kofman V. Ya.
Removing compounds showing hormonal activity from water and wastewater (review)
Summary
Various natural and nonnatural substances have been present in the environment. They can affect the normal hormonal activity in animals and humans. This class of substances is defined as «compounds with hormonal activity». The classification of compounds with hormonal activity is given. The methods of removing these compounds from water and wastewater, i.e. bioaugmentation, membrane technologies, adsorption, oxidation processes etc. are presented.
Key words
adsorption , membrane bioreactor , water and wastewater treatment , compounds with hormonal activity , bioaugmentation , oxidation process
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UDC 628.33:544.723
Nikolaeva L. A., Golubchikov M. A.
Removal of oil products from industrial wastewater with the use of modified carbonate sludge-based sorption materials
Summary
Activated carbon adsorption is one the efficient methods of removing oil products from wastewater. This method provides for ensuring water quality that meets the requirements to the discharges into the surface water or the conditions of using in closed-loop water supply systems at the industrial plants. The data on the use of solid waste products as sorption materials in wastewater treatment are presented. Development of new cheap waste products-based sorption materials is of big scientific and practical importance. Utilization of granulated hydrophobous carbonate sludge-based sorption material (wastes of thermal power plants) as oil products adsorbent is suggested. Process characteristics and adsorption capacity of the material received were studied; express-testing of the quality of aqueous extract of the developed granulated adsorbent on the acute lethal toxicity for Daphnia Magna Str. crustaceans and Poecillia Reticulata Pet fish was carried out. The process flow scheme of wastewater treatment at «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» OJSC is presented. The calculations of an adsorption filter retrofitted into the scheme of tertiary treatment of conventionally clean effluents with new hydrophobous sorption material were carried out. It is suggested to use the outspent sorbent as an additive to construction ground coat.
Key words
adsorption , industrial wastewater , carbonate sludge , hydrophobous sorption material , adsorption equilibrium , outspent material utilization
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UDC 628.162.15
Nikitin A. M., Skolubovich Iurii, Voytov E. L.
Enhancement of Efficiency of Water Supply Stations Operation
Summary
Issues of intensification of processes of coagulation treatment of low-temperature, low-turbidity and high-chromaticity water from surface sources of water supply using the reactor-clarifiers of a new design are considered. The reactor-clarifier combines advantages of sludge blanket clarifiers and granular-bed filters, has a low operational cost and reliability. The efficient complex technology of treatment of potable water from surface sources developed on the basis of experimental studies is presented. This technology increases the efficiency of operation of reconstructed water supply stations at minimal working costs. The quality of potable water treated meets the specified requirements.
Key words
granular media , sorption , colloidal particles , reactor-clarifier , adsorption , primary filter , suspended layer , aggregation , sorption material
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UDC 628.33:662.2
Ponomareva O. S., Glushankova I. S., Martynova A. A.
Thermal treatment of wastewater from the production
of high-energy compounds
Summary
During production of special-purpose products in technological processes and in the synthesis of components of high-energy compounds wastewater containing pollutants in high concentrations is generated; therefore before discharging into sewer networks it shall be preliminary neutralized. The results of studies on the purification of process effluents generated in the production of components of high-energy compounds contaminated with ethanolamine, ethylene diamine, heavy metal ions (nickel and lead) are presented. The analysis of process effluent treatment methods: ozonation, two-stage purification (chemical, adsorption), thermal neutralization was carried out. As a result of thermodynamic analysis and calculation of the processes of thermal destruction of pollutants in highly concentrated effluents technical solutions have been developed and an installation for the thermal disposal of effluent followed by multi-stage flue gas cleaning has been designed. The calculation of the dispersion of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere during the operation of the installation showed that running the process in a preset mode ensured compliance with the standard sanitary and hygienic requirements.
Key words
ozonization , pollutants , adsorption , industrial wastewater , components of high-energy compounds , sulphated coal , thermal treatment
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