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UDC 628162.1
Seliukov Aleksandr, Chekmareva S. V.
Demanganization of River Water
Summary
One of the intractable problems of public utilities for treatment of water from surface sources, an impossibility of water demanganization using the classical scheme of water treatment, is considered. The results of studies of river water aftertreatment for manganese with the help of potassium permanganate at the water supply facilities of the city of Pugachev, Saratov Reg., are presented. In the course of selection of the method of reducing the manganese content the pH value and redox potential of the medium are taken into account. The studies conducted and the testing operation of the system of potassium permanganate dozing show that the treatment using this reagent ensures the residual content of manganese in potable water meeting the specified requirements.
Key words
potable water , water treatment , manganese , water source , potassium permanganate , demanganization
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.03
UDC 544.723
Krasnova Tamara, Belyaeva Ekaterina, Belyaeva Oxana, Gora Natalia, Ivanova Liudmila
The use of carbon sorbents to remove manganese from aqueous media
Summary
The work is devoted to the study of manganese adsorption from aqueous solutions by carbon materials. The data on the concentration of manganese compounds in the surface and underground waters of the Kemerovo Region, as well as possible sources of its entry into natural waters are given. A brief analysis of the proposed methods of water demanganation is given. The experimental results of the studies of Mn (II) extraction from aqueous media under equilibrium conditions with carbon sorbents of different price categories, differing in the raw materials, production technology, technical characteristics and chemical state of the surface, are presented. It has been established that the greatest amount of manganese is extracted by ABG sorbent. The obtained adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the theories of monomolecular adsorption (Freundlich and Langmuir equations); and the main adsorption parameters were calculated. It is determined that the Langmuir model describes manganese adsorption isotherms with a lower correlation, which allows to assume manganese adsorption on heterogeneous adsorption centers. The approximate consumption of the sorbent required to remove manganese from water to the standard values was estimated. Per totality of the data obtained for the demanganation of natural waters, a carbon sorbent is proposed characterized with the high adsorption capacity in relation to manganese and coupled with the low cost.
Key words
potable water , ground water , carbonic sorbent , manganese , adsorption
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UDC 543.632.495
Medvedeva T. M., Kolokolova N. N., Skriabin M. E.
Investigating iron bacteria in catalytic biofilm in underground waters at the Velizhany water treatment facilities of Tumen
Summary
Underground water used for drinking water supply of Tumen is characterized by high concentrations of iron and manganese that 1.3–10.59 times exceed the maximum permissible level. Iron and manganese can be efficiently removed from natural water with the help of microbiological oxidation and sorption processes. The studies aimed at analyzing the underground source for the presence of iron bacteria group and determining the rate of catalytical biofilm formation. Water analysis for the presence of iron bacteria was carried out in sand filters of the Velizhany water treatment facilities by microscopic method with the use of iron cytochrome coloring with potassium ferrocyanide on exposed specimen slides. The slides were placed on styrofoam floats installed in the filters of the water treatment facilities. The results of the studies showed that the water from the underground source contained iron bacteria – they were found in catalytic biofilm. It was stated that the rate of biofilm generation with the participation of iron bacteria in sand filters of the Velizhany water treatment facilities at the media level was in average twice as high compared to the level of surface of the water being treated. Mass growth of iron bacteria on sand media proceeded for 8–12 hours; in the water being treated – for 22–24 hours. It might be caused by biological oxidation of iron and manganese at the media level. The studies carried out confirm the possible use of iron bacteria of catalytic biofilm in biological removal of iron and manganese from underground water at the Velizhany water treatment facilities.
Key words
biological treatment , ground water , iron , manganese , water treatment facilities , iron bacteria , catalytic biofilm , sand filter
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UDC 628.161
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.11.02
Egorova Yu. A., Strelkov A. K., Nesterenko O. I., Strelkova T. A., Talovyria Larisa
Measures to supply Samara Urban District with drinking water from surface and underground water sources in accordance with 2.1.3684-21 and 1.2.3685-21 Sanitary Rules and Regulations
Summary
In accordance with the Resolution of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 3, new sanitary rules and regulations have been approved and in force in the Russian Federation from March 1, 2021, requiring a more stringent approach to the quality of purified water: SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 «Sanitary and epidemiological requirements to the maintenance of the territories of urban and rural communities, to water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply, atmospheric air, soil, residential premises, operation of industrial and public premises, arrangement and implementation of sanitary and antiepidemic (preventive) measures» and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 «Hygienic standards and requirements to ensure the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors to humans». In this regard, the specialists of Samara Utility Systems LLC are carrying out a comprehensive upgrade and reconstruction of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems in Samara with the purpose of improving integrally the qualitative and quantitative performance of the systems. Measures have been developed for the reconstruction and modernization of water treatment facilities to provide for the concentration of residual aluminum and chloroform meeting the sanitary standards. The implementation of the activities is planned for the period from 2024 to 2041.
Key words
monitoring , water treatment , potable water quality , manganese , residual aluminium , chlororganic compounds , total iron , sanitary regulations and standards , surface water supply source , underground water sources , total hardness
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UDC 628.16
KINEBAS A. K., Feofanov Yu. A.
Modernization of the Zelenogorsk Water Supply Station is a Stage of Realization of the Regional Program Pure Water
Summary
The following works have been done within the limits of modernization of the Zelenogorsk water supply station (St. Petersburg): reloading of high-rate filters with installation of the new drainage system TRITON improvement of water aeration system (enrichment with oxygen in a pan aerator), and automation of technological process. The technique of water treatment for manganese at the second stage of the process with the use of catalytic oxidation in pressure filters containing the three-layered quartz sand, pyrolusite, and anthracite media has been introduced. The quality of water treated at the Zelenogorsk water supply station after its modernization meets the requirements of the Russian and European standards at all points.
Key words
cleansing , filtration , aeration , pressure filters , water-air flushing , ground water , oxidation , iron , manganese , anthracite , pyrolusite , quartz sand
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UDC 628.16
Tsukanov N. A., Budykina T. A., Spitsyn E. N., Budykina K. Iu.
On the experience of applying DynaSand filters for drinking water deironing in Kursk
Summary
Drinking water supply of Kursk and the Kursk Area has been provided exclusively from underground water artesian sources because of the lack of affluent rivers and water bodies on the territory of the region. The given underground water is characterized by excess levels of ions of iron, manganese and hardness salts as well as by -radioactivity because of the specific geographical location and availability of the iron-ore deposit (Kursk Magnetic Anomaly). The basic method of water purification before supplying to the distribution network is disinfection with chlorine. In 2013 a drinking water deironing plant was put into operation with a capacity of 75 thousand m3/day. Water is preliminary chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite, then the generated iron hydroxide (III) sludge is removed by filtration in self-cleaning DynaSand filters manufactured by Nordic Water (Sweden). There is no analogue of deironing plant of such capacity with the use of DynaSand filters in Russia. Owing to the introduced technology the city of Kursk has been supplied with water of standard quality in relation to iron, manganese concentrations, and total hardness.
Key words
potable water , chlorination , deferrization , iron , manganese , aquifer , underground water source , self-cleaning DynaSand filter
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
Askerniia A. A., Korabel'nikov L. V., Moiseev A. V., Geras'kov S. S., Pavliuchenko D. I., Bodiagin A. O.
Special aspects of choosing the methods of single-stage deironing and demanganization of underground waters
Summary
Special aspects of choosing the methods of deironing and demanganization of underground water depending on the physical, chemical and microbiological properties in a single-stage water treatment process are described. The method of removing excessive concentrations of iron and manganese shall be chosen in the process of studies at the pre-project phase of front-end engineering and design. For underground water containing apart from manganese also iron mainly as oxides, the physical and chemical methods that combine pretreatment of raw water with a strong oxidant (sodium hypochlorite, ozone etc.) and subsequent filtration through chemically active material are most acceptable. Biological method of water deironing and demanganization is conditioned by the presence of microbiocenosis with the life cycle associated with the processes of iron and manganese oxidation in the ecosystem of the treatment facilities. The procedures of filter media inoculation with Crenothrix and Siderocapsa – Arthrobacter bacterial cultures are described. Based on the experience of operating «Vostochnyi-2» facilities for underground drainage water deironing and demanganization with a capacity of 25,000 m3/day in Krasnodar the use of the physical and chemical method of water treatment was justified. The results of operating a water treatment plant in «Yuzhnyi» settlement of Barnaul city show the efficiency of the biological method of underground water deironing and demanganization conditioned by the presence of microbiocenosis with the life cycle associated with the processes of iron and manganese oxidation in the ecosystem of the treatment facilities.
Key words
ground water , iron , manganese , iron bacteria , single-stage deironing and demanganation , catalytically active filtering material
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UDC 628.161.3:546.711
Alekseeva L. P., Kourova L. V., Alekseev S. E.
Specific features of using chemical treatment in removing manganese compounds from underground water
Summary
Many underground water sources in Russia used for drinking water supply are characterized by increased concentrations of iron and manganese. There are different chemical and nonchemical methods of underground water treatment. In some cases nonchemical methods of treatment cannot provide for the required drinking water quality. However, the use of chemicals for removing iron and manganese compounds makes the process more complicated and increases the cost of water treatment; therefore their use shall be substantiated and approved by technological studies. The aspects of removing manganese compounds from underground water with the use of chemicals in cases when it was stated that nonchemical methods were not efficient are considered. The results of studies on determining the efficiency of using oxidants, alkalizing and coagulating chemicals are presented. When using oxidants in removing manganese from water the range of optimal chemical dosages is relatively small. The efficiency of manganese removal with the help of oxidants increases with the increase of water pH. For more integrated removal of oxidized manganese compounds and other pollutants from water flocculants can be used in the process of water clarification.
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , deferrization , ground water , iron , manganese , coagulation , reagent
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UDC 628.161.2:678.046.36
Савочкин А. Ю., Shilov Mikhail
Purification of underground water containing high concentrations of silicon, iron and manganese
Summary
The aspects of purification of underground water containing high concentrations of silicon, iron and manganese are considered. Different forms of silicon present in water are analyzed and the basic physics and chemistry of desilication are presented. The implementation of the technology of comprehensive purification of water containing high concentrations of silicon, iron and manganese is described. Through the example of three operating water treatment plants the negative effect of silicon on de-ironing and demanganation processes is shown. Two factors are accentuated that enhance the negative effect: the presence of organic admixtures in raw water and, possibly, higher degree of polymerization. Taking into account the application character of studies this presumption demands further study. The developed technology provides for water purification to drinking standard by every parameter. For the implementation of the technology dosing a great many of five types of chemicals (NaOH, Mg salts, NaClO, coagulant, flocculant) is required as well as large volume of sludge is subject to utilization. For this reason this technology is recommended for use only when an alternative water source is unavailable.
Key words
ground water , coagulation , iron , manganese , silicon , colloids , chemical precipitation , magnesium silicate
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UDC 628.16.094.3-926.214
Solntsev V. V., Shafit A. Ya., Romashkin A. V., Shouvalov V. I., Tarkhanova I. Yu.
The use of ozonation equipment for natural water treatment at the Far North
Summary
The results of many years developing, commissioning and maintaining water treatment plants with ozonation used for ferrous iron and manganese oxidation, elimination of both natural organics and organics of anthropogenic origin, showed the reliability and efficiency of Ozonia OZAT® ozone generators. Beginning from 2007 a number of plants with the use of ozonation equipment for northern surface (lake) water treatment have been commissioned. When designing and commissioning the plants the results of technological studies carried out were taken into consideration. It was found that the two-stage treatment technology with preliminary chemical clarification of water with the use of ozonation as a stage that ensured high quality of water was the most efficient.
Key words
potable water , oxidation , iron , manganese , ozone generator , water treatment , rotation camps
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UDC 628.16/.33
Tourevsky S. M., Konstantinov S. V.
The use of DynaSand self-cleaning filters and Johnson Lamella Separators
Summary
The description of Nordic Water Products AB equipment for water purification and domestic and industrial wastewater treatment is presented. DynaSand self-cleaning filters and Johnson Lamella separators are reliable, efficient and simple in operation; they ensure sustainable high quality treatment of raw water. Contact filtration technology has been a great success in different countries, even when used in adverse climatic conditions with various types of water and wastewater.
Key words
potable water , wastewater , chromaticity , coagulation , iron , manganese , aluminium , self-cleaning filter , separator
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UDC 628.16.094.7
Seliukov Aleksandr
Stabilization treatment of underground waters in the Tyumen North Region
Summary
The necessity of stabilization treatment of underground water used for potable water supply of the Tyumen North settlements is substantiated. The expediency of adding alkaline agents in the process of stabilization at the existing water treatment facilities in particular, is shown. Caustic soda is recommended as a stabilization agent. The in-process tests were carried out with water from Novomikhailovsk and Altymsk aquifiers that are most often used for potable water supply in the region.
Key words
iron , manganese , carbon dioxide , cold low-mineralized ground water , stabilization treatment , alkaline agent , caustic soda
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UDC 628.161
Portnova T. M., Keish V. S., Protasovskii E. M.
Construction of water treatment facilities in Diuny
and Molodezhnoe settlements of the Kurort District of Saint-Petersburg
Summary
In accordance with «The scheme of water supply and wastewater disposal of Saint-Petersburg for the period up to 2025 including the prospects up to 2030» SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» started building two water treatment plants in Diuny and Molodezhnoe settlements of the kurort District of Saint-Petersburg upon the project of «Lengiproinzhproekt» Institute. Underground water deposits of the «Solnechnoe – Diuny» and «Molodezhnoe» intermorainic aquifer located in the south-western part of the Karelian Isthmus were used as a water source. Underground water is characterized by the high concentrations of iron (up to 5 mg/l, manganese (up to 1 mg/l), and barium (up to 1.5 mg/l). As for the rest parameters artesian water meets the standards. Underground water is fresh, sodium bicarbonate by chemical composition with 0.06–0.27 g/l mineralization and less than 3 mg-eq/l hardness. The technology of removing iron, manganese and bromine from water in two-stage rapid filters with the use of catalytic oxidation in pressure filters of the second stage containing crushed pyrolusite media was introduced. The facilities designed and built according to the mentioned technology showed high process efficiency. As a result of the water treatment plants construction in Diuny and Molodezhnoe settlements the concentrations of iron, manganese and barium in the water supplied to the public water supply system meet the standards. The quality of drinking water meets not only Russian but also European standards.
Key words
filtration , aeration , pressure filters , water-air flushing , ground water , iron , manganese , anthracite , pyrolusite , quartz sand , bromine
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.11.06
UDC 628.168:628.166-926.214
Seliukov Aleksandr, Semenov Mikhail, Baikova Ida
In-process tests of river water conditioning for domestic and drinking water supply in the city of Kurgan
Summary
The experience of using ozonation of river water on a laboratory and pilot scale is considered. The water of the Tobol River is hard and mineralized with an average color value of 24 degrees, a manganese concentration in the winter period of more than 0.8 mg/dm3. After determining the operational doses of the chemicals (polyaluminum chloride coagulant, Praestol 650TR flocculant), test ozonation was carried out followed by the chemical treatment in a laboratory flocculator. To achieve the standard for manganese concentration in river water of 0.1 mg/dm3, high doses of ozone were required – from 35 mg/dm3. Alkalinization of the initial water to pH 9 provided for reducing the ozone dose to 23 mg/dm3. A decrease in color to 15 degrees occurred at ozone doses of 6–7 mg/dm3. River water purification at a pilot plant with a capacity of 50 l/h was carried out according to the complete process flow scheme (ozonation, treatment with coagulant and flocculant, sedimentation, filtration in a sand filter, filtration in a carbon filter, desalination-softening by reverse osmosis). The coagulant dose was 5 mg/dm3, and that of the flocculant – 0.3 mg/dm3. In the steady run of the pilot plant at an ozone dose of 25 mg/dm3, the following quality indicators of the sand filter filtrate were achieved: color 5–7 degrees; manganese 0.05–0.15 mg/dm3; total iron 0.02–0.03 mg/dm3; aluminum 0.05–0.08 mg/dm3; permanganate index 3–4 mg/dm3. Based on the estimate indicators of the Tobol River water composition related to the manganese concentration in water of 0.8 mg/dm3, the theoretic dose of ozone is ≈ 8 mg/dm3, the design dose of ozone can be assumed as 10 mg/dm3 (g/m3).
Key words
ozonization , water supply , chromaticity , manganese , river water
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UDC 628.16.081:546.72/.711
Ryazantsev A. A., Glazkov D. V., Prosianikov E. D.
Removal of iron and manganese from natural water
Summary
The task of the study was investigating the impact of cavitation originating in low pressure devices of jet type on the kinetics of Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions oxidation as well as developing the method of chemical free removal of manganese and iron from natural water. The results of studies and the mechanisms of iron Fe2+ and manganese Mn2+ catalytic oxidation in water induced by cavitation are presented. The jet type device is equipped with a cartridge made in the form of a cone charged with crushed natural manganese mineral psilomelane or small steel chips. The particles of MnO2 and (or) FeOOH catalyst getting into water as a result of corrosion of the charge under the impact of cavitation become centers on which a Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions adsorption and oxidation take place. It was stated that under these conditions Fe2+ oxidation was not a limiting stage whereas complete oxidation of Mn2+ ions with the initial concentration of 2 mg/l occurs within 5 minutes. The fast manganese oxidation in the reactor charged with steel chips is caused by high Fe0 corrosion rate induced by cavitation and catalytic effect of structureless iron hydroxides that are formed during the charge corrosion. The obtained experimental data allowed designing a process flow scheme of manganese and iron removal from water that included a cavitation module and ceramic membrane filters operating in cross-filtration mode. The dimensions and size of a water treatment unit with a capacity of 60 m3/day have been calculated.
Key words
iron , manganese , natural water , demanganization , deferrization , catalytic oxidation , cavitation , cross-filtration
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