Вода большого города: реконструкция очистных сооружений Троицка

Аннотация

С 2012 г. в Троицком и Новомосковском административных округах активно идет развитие инженерной инфраструктуры. Одним из знаковых проектов в сфере водоотведения Новой Москвы последних лет стала реконструкция локальных очистных сооружений Троицка.

UDC 628.355
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.07.01

Kevbrina M. V., Shakhrai Nikolai, Agarev Anton

Operation of the aeration tanks with high sludge dosages at the Moscow Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Summary

The process parameters of the two biological wastewater treatment units with gravity sludge separation at the Liuberetskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Moscow (LOS-1 and LOS-2) are considered. The units operate with high dosages of activated sludge (4.5–5.5 g/l at LOS-1 and 7–9 g/l at LOS-2), providing for the regulatory values for suspended solids in the effluent after biological treatment. Attention is paid to the characteristics of activated sludge, as well as to the operating conditions of secondary settling tanks, that enable maintaining high sludge dosages at the standard treatment quality for suspended solids. An analysis of the plant operation revealed the patterns and process conditions oriented to increasing the oxidative capacity of the facilities by increasing the sludge dosage. The knowledge gained can be used to change the approaches to designing new treatment facilities and improve the efficiency of the existing ones.

Key words

wastewater treatment , activated sludge , active sludge dosage , aeration tanks , municipal wastewater

UDC 628.35
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.07.02

Matуushenko Evgeny, Karastelev Nikita, Mikhalev Iurii

Estimation of technological solutions for wastewater treatment facilities for small towns through the example of the Novosibirsk Region (for discussion)

Summary

Certain common process errors and shortcomings in block-modular wastewater treatment plants operating in small towns and communities are considered through the example of the Novosibirsk Region. Analyzing the materials presented will allow designers to minimize errors at the initial design stage; whereas at the built or under-construction facilities, the operations department will be able to determine possible options for upgrading wastewater treatment facilities to provide for the regular operating schedule. This will also help clients and investors to minimize risks and ensure the reliability and efficiency of technological solutions and processes.

Key words

wastewater treatment , sewerage treatment facilities , block-modular plant , design errors

UDC 613.31
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.07.03

Bykov Viktor

On drinking water (part 2)

Summary

The use of drinking water as an additional source of essential macro- and microelements for the human life is analyzed. Drinking water quality standards, including permissible element concentrations and dietary reference intake, are systematized and compiled into common tables. To estimate the drinking water quality, taking into consideration the colloidal index (SDI) that reflects the concentration and size of colloids and, accordingly, the ability of drinking water to contaminate cell membranes in the human body is proposed. Earlier published data on the effects of 25 elements added to drinking water on the lifespan of mice and rats are summarized and presented in graphs.

Key words

potable water , water quality parameters , microelements , colloidal index , lifespan of individuals

UDC 543.383
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.07.04

Fliagin Aleksandr, Mishina Svetlana, Fedulaeva Dar’ia

Developing a standard sample of oil products in a water-soluble matrix based on the Pickering emulsion of dielectric oil

Summary

Monitoring water body pollution with oil products involves using standard samples that adequately reproduce the matrix of a real water sample. Existing commercial standard samples (GSO 7117-94, SO NPVM) are either in tableted or liquid form based on dielectric oil. They lack the stage of extraction of oil products from the aqueous phase resulting in a systematic error of analysis. In the study, a standard sample in the form of the Pickering emulsion stabilized by hydrophobic Aerosil R972 and polysorbate Tween-60, based on GK hydrocracking dielectric oil, was developed. The optimal sample composition (72.47% water, 26.4% oil, 1.04% Aerosil R972, 0.09% Tween-60) was matched by systematic varying the phase ratio and stabilizer concentrations. Analytical certification was carried out using the fluorimetric method in a Fluorat-02 analyzer. The developed sample provides for a relative measurement error of 1.9% for oil product concentrations while calibrated with a hexane solution of GC oil – significantly lower than commercially available analogs (41–74%). The metrological stability has been confirmed by storing in the dark at 4–20 °C for at least three months. The sample reproduces the complete analytical cycle (dissolution – extraction – measurement), making it a valuable tool for calibrating fluorimeters used to monitor wastewater of machine building and metalworking plants.

Key words

standard sample , Pickering emulsion , Aerosil , fluriomentry , water matrix , dielectric oil , analytical certification

UDC 628.166:661.418
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.07.05

Tcherkesov A. Yu., Pchel'nikov I. V., Shchukin S. A., Tron' I. A., Ugrovatova E. G.

Commercial tests of OIRTA-Pd anodes: efficiency
of sodium hypochlorite production

Summary

The results of long-term commercial tests (11 months, 7,211 operating hours) of palladium-containing OIRTA-Pd anodes are presented in comparison with the non-customized OIRTA anodes. The work objective was proving experimentally the efficiency and stability of the developed anodes in the production of sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis under real-life operating conditions. The tests were conducted in a UG-25MK-1000 electrolyzer with a capacity of 1,000 kg/day as active chlorine (Aleksandrovskii water supply system, Rostov-on-Don). During the tests, the voltage, current, active chlorine concentration, and solution temperature were regularly monitored, and the current output and specific energy consumption were calculated. OIRTA-Pd anodes were found to provide for a sustainable advantage over standard OIRTA anodes throughout their entire service life, i. e., a 4.6% reduction in operating voltage, a 10.4% increase in active chlorine concentration, a 10.4% increase in current output, a 14.6% reduction in specific energy consumption, and a 7.3% reduction in solution heating. For a plant with a capacity of 1,420 t/year as active chlorine, the annual energy savings from anode replacement amount to 326.6 MWh. The stability of the developed anodes has been proved throughout the entire testing period. The test results are recommended to the use while designing new electrolysis plants and upgrading the existing ones.

Key words

sodium hypochlorite , electrolysis , energy efficiency , water disinfection , specific power consumption , corrosion resistance , OIRTA-Pd , mixed metal oxide electrodes , palladium-containing anodes , current output

UDC 628.165:661.718.1
DOI 10.35776/VST.2026.07.06

Prirez Denis, Gromov Sergei

Approaches to the development and evaluation
of low-phosphorus composite scale inhibitors for reverse osmosis systems

Summary

The aspects of the selection and optimization of scale inhibitors for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems are considered. The relevance stems from the need to reduce phosphorus loading on natural water bodies while maintaining the high efficiency of inhibiting calcium carbonate and iron (III) hydroxide scale formation; these two being the most common types of deposits in the concentrate tray of spiral-wound membrane elements. The results of comparative tests of seven autoinhibitors based on phosphonates and polymers, as well as fourteen composite formulas based on these inhibitors are presented. The experiments were conducted under static conditions using model solutions simulating the composition of reverse osmosis concentrate in terms of carbonate hardness and iron ion concentration. Phosphorus-containing inhibitors were found to be the most effective against calcium carbonate. However, composite formulas with a high AA/MA copolymer concentration and small amounts of NTP additives (formulas No. 9 and No. 10) demonstrated significant synergism providing for reducing the phosphonate dosage by 4–7 times without any loss of effectiveness. With respect to iron hydroxide, polymeric inhibitors were slightly inferior to phosphonates, while composition No. 1 (80% AA/MA, 20% AA/AMPS) was the most effective among phosphonate-free formulas and comparable to the formula containing 30% NTP. Possible partial or complete replacing of phosphonates with polymer components while maintaining the required performance characteristics was demonstrated, which is consistent with the principles of developing environmentally friendly («green») antiscalants.

Key words

water treatment , reverse osmosis , nanofiltration , antiscalant , scale inhibitor , spiral-wound membrane element , inhibition efficiency