DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.10.01
UDC 628.2:62-192
Stepanov Mikhail, Primin Oleg
Problems of the reliability of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, and ways of solution
Summary
Reliability and environmental safety are the main requirements for water supply and wastewater disposal systems. Pipeline systems are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern cities. Malfunctions of these systems are mainly associated with failures in pipeline sections, that are the most functionally significant, expensive and vulnerable elements of the systems. The increasing rates of wear and unsatisfactory technical condition of a significant number of water pipelines and sewers in most cities and communities of Russia, the limited material resources for their rehabilitation and renovation in the context of reforming the housing services and public utilities of Russia require a scientifically based approach to solving the problem of assessing and ensuring their reliability. It is noted that up to now, in domestic practice, the accumulation and use of statistics for determining the reliability indicators of the elements of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, as well as planning their rehabilitation, have been arranged unsatisfactorily. Methods for assessing the reliability of pipelines, a methodology for planning their rehabilitation using a software application, criteria for selecting objects for pipeline renovation and ways to improve their reliability are presented.
Key words
pipeline , ecological safety , reliability indices , methodology for rehabilitation planning
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UDC 628.27
Vasilyev V. M., Morozov G. V., Zhukov S. V.
Problems in sewer network operation and ways of their elimination
Summary
The main problems arising during the operation of sewer networks – blockages, network deterioration and odors are highlighted. The causes of their occurrence are considered and methods of their elimination are proposed. Under the conditions of Russia blockages are most likely to occur as a result of errors in design and erection. These are violation of the pipe turnout grade, pipe diameter mismatch, turnout grade fault because of soil movement, unsatisfactory state of sewer and pipeline failure. Design and erection errors and low cultural level of the users of the sewer system can lead to the emission of high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. Any blockage in the sewerage system is accompanied by foul odor above ground that is explained by the emission of hydrogen sulfide. By using advanced computer aids it is possible to keep account of all the factors that affect the useful life of sewers. Systematization of the obtained data and its further use provide for extending the pipe life and reduce the expenditures for renovation and maintenance of sewers. The paper is written on the basis of designing and operating the sewer networks in Saint-Petersburg.
Key words
pipeline , odor , sewer , sewerage system , clogging , microbiologic corrosion , sewer network deterioration , soil failure
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UDC 628.147.2
Emelin V. I., Azeev A. A.
Productivity of a Complex of Equipment for Trenchless Repair of Pipelines by Means of a Combined Sleeve Drawing
Summary
Methods of the determination of productivity of the complex of equipment for trenchless repair of pipelines by means of composite covering in the course of drawing the combined sleeve with due regard for influence of basic constructive and technological features is offered. Reserves of the productivity increase owing to enlargement of the bay’s length, combination of some operations, taking into account characteristics of covering and other factors are determined. Five conditions of the equally effective designing of details of the complex of equipment are formulated.
Key words:
capacity , pipeline , trenchless repair , complex of equipment , composite coverings , combined sleeve
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UDC 628.21:62-192
GALPERIN E. M.
Ways of improving the integrity of wastewater network
Summary
The analysis of the main wastewater network failures is given. The data from foreign literature on blockage frequency depending on the pipe diameter is presented; for the classification of pipes by blockage risk level an index, i. e. generalized risk factor is suggested. The index stating the annual number of blockages per 1 km of a sewer of a certain diameter is more acceptable. Periodic maintenance, running or capital repair is a necessary requirement of the operation of any facility. Draining the pipe section under repair is a crucial stage from the point of view of the network integrity. It is suggested instead of one big sewer to lay two parallel sewers with total throughput capacity equal to that of the replaced one. The use of reinforced concrete pipes made of cement fondu characterized by the high corrosion resistance, long lifetime and abrasion resistance is considered. Savings from operation of reinforced concrete sewers made of cement fondu can compensate for its high cost. Polyvinylchloride is a perspective material for sewer production. The attention is drawn to the need of improving standards and regulatory documents related to the sewer maintenance.
Key words
reliability , pipeline , sewerage network , polyvinylchloride , generalized risk factor
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UDC 696.115
Strelkov A. K., Zotov Yu. N., Mikhailova I. I.
Calculation of hydraulic operation mode of in-door plumbing systems in tenement houses
Summary
The results of analytical investigation of selecting the characteristics and equipment for the in-door plumbing systems with the purpose of providing for the safe living conditions in tenement houses are presented. The algorithm of hydraulic calculations with account of the regulatory requirements to the advanced energy efficient domestic water supply and characteristics of the modern equipment is described. The necessity of making hydraulic calculations at the maximum and minimum water flow is shown. The mechanism of selecting optimal solutions for determining hydraulic characteristics of plumbing systems is considered. The recommendations for developing methodical procedures the fulfillment of which will ensure the legitimacy of the methods of making hydraulic calculations of the in-door plumbing systems in tenement houses are given. The main requirement to determining the pipe diameter in automated water supply systems is ensuring the compliance of the controlled medium parameters to the technical characteristics of the control valve to provide for the proper operation. The traditional method of selecting a pressure reducing valve provides for an approximate result because some basic data used in calculations is undefined until the hydraulic design is completed. Therefore, the implementation of this method involves design and check hydraulic calculations. Selecting a pressure reducing valve is significantly simplified when using the method developed in the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. In contrast to the traditional in the method developed in Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering all the basic data can be uniquely determined before making hydraulic calculations.
Key words
pipeline , hydraulic design , pressure regulator , plumbing system , water consumption rate
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UDC 628.147.2:504.058
Granovsky A. V., Dottuev A. I.
Earthquake Resistance of Outer Utilities on the Basis of Polytron-ProКan Pipelines
Summary
Results of experimental tests on a shake table with a view to evaluate the earthquake resistance of pipelines of various diameters used as outer utilities are presented. By results of dynamic tests the behaviour of the pipeline made of polypropylene pipes with a two-layer profiled wall of Polytron-ProКan brand has been established at resonance and also over the frequency-amplitude range of 7–9 points.
Key words:
seismic action , pipeline , polymeric materials , corrugated two-layer pipes
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UDC 628.144
Bol'shev K. N., Ivanov Vasilii Alekseevich, Stepanov A. A., Varfolomeev G. R.
Temperature and pressure monitoring system of the water distribution networks of Yakutsk
Summary
The information on the design of the system of monitoring temperature and pressure in the water distribution networks of Yakutsk is presented. In operating the municipal water supply under low temperature conditions continuous water temperature and pressure monitoring in the network is needed to prevent from pipeline freezing and overheating of the pumped water. To this end automated systems of temperature and pressure monitoring in the networks have been developed. To provide for the data remote transfer for the system control Circuit Switched Data (CSD) technology for GSM mobile networks is used. With the help of this technology two GSM modems can establish a communication channel for import of data. For the operation of this system at a remote measuring point a cellular communication signal of the selected operator at the facilities together with continuous power supply shall be available. AIR-10N pressure sensors and TSPU-205-N temperature sensors were used as transmitters with 4–20 mA standardized signal; CPU – computer-process interface modules manufactured by Elemer SPE OJSC were used for subsequent transformation of signal and interface. Exchange of data between the computer and analogue input modules is ensured by MODBUS protocol version. To provide for the system control an information computerized system including a data base with Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Express, a service of terminal polling with the help of Windows service application, and an operator interface was developed. At present the system is operating steadily in the mode of systematic polling. The designed system can provide for collecting data from 200–300 measuring points.
Key words
water supply , monitoring , pressure , pipeline , centralization of control , temperature
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UDC 628.147.2
Khramenkov S. V., Generalov N. S., Baranov S. V., Artyushin M. V.
Advanced methods of the Moscow water distribution network reconstruction
Summary
A review of the advanced trenchless technologies of pipeline repair is presented. The main methods of damaged pipe rehabilitation with the use of polyethylene U-liner, spraying on cement-sand coatings, synthetic tubes impregnated with special polymerizing compounds are considered. The methods based on installing polyethylene, steel or cast iron pipes in the existing pipeline subject to reconstruction: «pipe in pipe without bursting» and «pipe in pipe with bursting» (pipe bursting) are discussed; their advantages and disadvantages are considered in relation to the conditions of usage in the dense city infrastructure.
Key words
polyethylene , pipeline , trenchless reconstruction , steel , cast iron , cement-sand coating , polymer liner
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UDC 621.644:621.643.2-034.13
Prodous O. A., Dzhanbekov B. A.
Pipes with polyurethane coating for the construction of the Teberda group water main
Summary
The problem of drinking water deficiency in the southern regions of Russia (at the North Caucasus) can be solved by the construction of a large-diameter and long water main for water transportation from the artesian sources located in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. The analysis of the advanced efficient durable polymer materials for pressure pipelines having the high hydraulic potential and operating in the zone of extreme seismicity was carried out. The economic efficiency of using ductile iron pipes with polyurethane inner coating in the construction of the Teberda group large-diameter water main is shown. The specific head losses along the length of a 500 mm water main are cited that are 2.5 times less than the specific head losses in pressure polyethylene pipes of the same diameter.
Key words
pipeline , polymeric materials , pressure losses , drinking water deficiency , pump energy consumption
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UDC 628.143.004.67
Shaikhadinov А. А., Brungardt M. V., Karpov Igor Vasilievich, Ushakov A. V.
Universal working mechanisms of hydraulic machines
for trenchless pipeline rehabilitation
Summary
The advanced technology of trenchless rehabilitation of old pipelines with the use of hydraulic machines with the working mechanism that includes a cutter block with disk blades and a conical expansion tool is considered. Shockless pipe destruction provides for reducing significantly the risk of soil sloughing and damage of the adjacently laid underground utilities. The analysis of similar working mechanisms of the hydraulic machines for trenchless pipe renovation (Grundoburst Tracto-Technik, Germany, and Hydro Burst Vermeer, USA) revealed a number of drawbacks consisting in the limited application area and low level of versatility of these working mechanisms that did not provide for pulling through a new plastic pipe of extended length; repairing pipelines with bends and turns; renovating pipelines of wide diameter range with the use of a single equipment set. Three prototypes of the working mechanism based on hydraulic machines were manufactured and tested. The first prototype provides for pulling through a new plastic pipe that is 1.5–2 times longer (to 200 meters and more). The second is designed for the renovation of pipelines with up to 45 degrees bend angle. Adding joint assembly links allow increasing the bend angle (to 70 degrees). The third prototype is designed for renovating pipelines of various diameters (fracture from 150 to 200 mm) with the use of a single set. This design makes the given technology more simple and cheap. The suggested designs of the universal working mechanisms based on hydraulic machines provide for trenchless pipeline rehabilitation under various operating conditions.
Key words
pipeline , trenchless repair , hydraulic machine , working mechanism , pulling part
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UDC 628.179
GALPERIN E. M.
Water leaks in the distribution network
Summary
Ensuring the integrity of a water distribution network with hundreds kilometers of pressure pipelines laid underground sometimes in corrosive soil and ground water is practically impossible. Leaks in the water distribution network are a permanent element of the network operation and maintenance. Drinking water losses during transportation pose a tangible economic damage to water providers, contribute to underground water level increase, and sometimes produce an adverse environmental effect. The operation personnel carry out continuous work on eliminating water leaks. Water leak control in the distribution network is an essential part of operation and maintenance. The information on water leaks amount and water losses in certain countries of the world is presented. Detailed description of the experience in preventing leaks in the Tokyo water distribution network with the lowest in the world water leak level is presented.
Key words
water supply network , pipeline , water leaks and losses , seismic consistency , diagnostic instruments
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.12.08
UDC 628.1:94
Gasimov Anar
What hides the German reference book of the Tsarist-era?
Summary
There are very few pre-revolutionary editions of Hütte, a German reference book for engineers, architects, mechanical engineers and students, with a professional translation into Russian. One of the rarities is in the archives of Profactor Armaturen GmbH as its intellectual property. Hütte three-volume reference book, published in the Russian Empire in 1916-1917, allows analysts and engineers of the enterprise to find and get acquainted with interesting scientific and technical achievements of the early twentieth century. Selected information from the reference book is adapted for the preparation and publication of a series of review historical materials with original illustrations. The following overview from this series is addressed to specialists who are interested in the history and development of the heating system, gas, steam and water fittings.
Key word
water supply system , pipeline , sanitary engineering , profactor , German reference book Hütte , water supply fittings , heating equipment , sanitary fittings
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UDC 628.147:658.26.004.18
Orlov V. А., Shlychkov D. I.
Electric power conservation in applying trenchless technologies of pipeline rehabilitation
Summary
Economic aspects of different technologies of water pipeline trenchless renovation are presented alongside with the determination of an optimal technology by minimum electric power consumption. As a criterion of evaluating electric power conservation in the reconstruction of pipelines with trenchless methods a concept of annual electric power conservation per unit of pipe length is introduced. During case studies the values of this parameter for different renovation technologies were calculated and compared. On the basis of the estimated data it was established that the effect of specific resistance (actual level of pipe inner surface roughness) is a determinant of power conservation in the process of water transportation by water pipelines.
Key words
pipeline , trenchless technology , renovation , power consumption
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UDC 621.644
Orlov V. А., Zotkin S. P.
Energy conservation in applying protection coatings by trenchless technologies
Summary
The analysis of trenchless technologies and different types of inner protection pipe coatings for ensuring the energy conservation effect during water transportation is presented. Circular pipes and pipes with deformed shape profile, fusion-bonded linings based on inorganic and organic materials are considered as protective coatings. Possible achievement of energy conservation in applying protective coatings by trenchless technologies of renovating water pressure pipelines on the basis of running meter of the pipeline length per year was studied. On the basis of the designed computer-aided program a comprehensive evaluation of energy efficient Swagelining technology that involved pulling new preliminary thermomechanically contracted polymer pipes through the old pipeline was carried out. The computer-aided program for calculating the operation parameters of a pressure pipeline subject to rehabilitation with preliminary contracted polymer pipes allows the designers of making efficient and prompt decisions by event simulation and the use of a wide range of polymer pipes of the relative diameter and SDR value (ratio of the diameter to the pipe wall thickness).
Key words
power saving , pipeline , trenchless technology , renovation , protective coating , hydraulic characteristic
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