Hygienic regulation of drinking water quality as a mainspring of the water treatment technology upgrade

Summary

The aspects of developing the domestic regulatory environment on drinking water quality are considered together with the effect of the tendency of introducing additional requirements on the water treatment technology by the example of the Moscow public water supply. The drinking water quality requirements both in our country and abroad are based on the criteria established by the World Health Organization in the middle of the last century. In different countries the requirements may differ depending on the national drinking water policy represented by the legislation, standards and other statutory regulations. In the Russian Federation the drinking water quality standards are determined by the sanitary-epidemiologic legislation that specifies the maximum permissible concentrations of all the regulated pollutants. The current requirements to the drinking water quality determine the process solutions implemented at the water treatment plants. Introduction of the new regulatory requirements has become a powerful impulse to upgrading the existing facilities and retrofitting new advanced methods into the treatment technology. Thus, tightening the regulations on the concentration of chlorination byproducts and the requirements to the epidemic safety (regulating viral and parasitary contamination) resulted in the methodical work on upgrading the Moscow water treatment plants with the introduction of ozonation and activated carbon filtration and membrane filtration. Even today the water treatment plants with advanced treatment facilities that guarantee water purification to the regulatory requirements supply more than 40% of the Moscow drinking water. At the same time the current regulatory documents contain inconsistencies that necessitate taking expensive measures to improve the drinking water quality. Considering the activities on revising the current requirements it is necessary to pay special attention to the harmonization of separate statutory regulations.

Key words

potable water quality , water treatment facilities , regulatory requirements , State Standard (GOST) , sanitary regulations and standards

By the basic technical solutions GOST 70953-2023 is a new tool for improving the quality of wastewater treatment facilities projects

Summary

The problems that arise while designing wastewater treatment facilities are described. The goals and objectives are given of developing GOST 70953-2023 «Wastewater treatment facilities. Construction and reconstruction. Basic technical solutions. Requirements for the development, structure and content in order to ensure the optimal capital costs and operational performance», that will come into force in 2024. The fundamentals of the concept of this standard, its basic definitions, and advantages in relation to the practice of designing wastewater treatment facilities that prevailed prior to the standardization are outlined. A brief summary of the main sections of GOST is given, in particular, the requirements for the composition of the main technical solutions, the report on their development and the approvals package.

Key words

designing , sewerage treatment facilities , municipal wastewater , State Standard (GOST) , basic technical solutions , optional feasibility studies , standardization

Criterial approach to substantiation of the best available techniques for engineering protection against hazardous techno-natural processes

Summary

Prediction of measures and construction of facilities for engineering protection from hazardous processes has a number of specific features that should be borne in mind while developing a method for substantiating the best available techniques. The mathematical tools that provide for substantiating the choice of a technology for engineering protection from hazardous techno-natural processes, that can be assigned to the best available techniques, are under development. One of the approaches is presented that allows, on the basis of quantitative assessments, to substantiate the choice of an option of engineering protection against hazardous techno-natural processes. This approach is based on the expert-analytical method for assessing the risk from hazardous natural-technogenic processes that has been widely used in recent years. Mathematical tools have been proposed that provide for reasonably approaching the choice of the best available technique for engineering protection against hazardous techno-natural processes, taking into account the capabilities of the owner, his position in the current situation and development prospects.

Key words

best available techniques , mathematical model , risk , negative effect level , State Standard (GOST) , project , mathematical tools , techno-natural process , опасность , vulnerability , side protection , SNiP , feasibility study