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UDC 628.16.065.2
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Kichigin V. I., Nesterenko O. I.
Selection of efficient chemicals for low turbid water purification from surface water sources
Summary
The results of laboratory study of selecting chemicals and optimal dosage for the purification of low turbid water of the Saratov water reservoir are presented. The laboratory tests of aluminium polyoxychlorides (14 kinds) and aluminium sulfate (16 kinds) were carried out. Coagulants manufactured by domestic and foreign manufacturers were studied. The optimal dosages of coagulants and flocculants were determined. Two of the coagulants studied were selected that could ensure the maximum degree of water clarification at the minimum concentration of residual aluminium and permanganate value in drinking water. It was stated that water treatment exclusively with coagulants with subsequent sedimentation and filtration ensured meeting the state drinking water standard. The results of the experimental studies of coagulation of low turbid water of the Saratov water reservoir showed that the maximum water clarification was achieved by sedimentation at the optimal coagulant dosage of 9.6 mg/dm3 for Al2O3 and 0.2 mg/dm3 flocculant dosage. At that the pollution loading on filters is reduced and the filter run increases.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , low turbid water
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UDC 628.32
Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shilov Mikhail, Kasatochkin A. S., Zhadan A. V., Савочкин А. Ю.
Commercial tests of VTI-M high-rate horizontal clarifier enhanced with microsand
Summary
For the adjustment of enhanced coagulation technology on industrial scale a commercial VTI-M plant has been designed for the purification of surface and waste water as well as storm run-off. The design capacity of the plant is up to 300 m3/h. Enhancing the impurity sedimentation process is achieved using fine-grained sand weighting agent. Its subsequent washing off of the sludge is carried out in a pulse column which provides for reducing significantly the amount of secondary waste compared to the known analogues. The development of a new horizontal type clarifier was carried out on the basis of previous laboratory, pilot and experimental-industrial studies. VTI-M commercial clarifier consistently provides for the high quality clarified water that fully meets the requirements for the composition and quality of water supplied for ion-exchange desalination. During the testing period water was supplied for production needs. The use of the equipment package allows obtaining high quality water while reducing the consumption of acids and alkalis which in turn will reduce the discharge of salt waste and thereby reduce the harmful impact on the environment.
Key words
coagulation , coagulant , flocculant , microsand , enhanced treatment , sand recycling , water , commercial plant
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UDC 628.16.081
Alekseeva L. P., Yegorov V. F., Staroselets L. N., Panicheva S. A., Adayeva S. N.
Reducing residual aluminium concentration in drinking water at the Yaroslavl South water treatment plant
Summary
The aspects of elevated residual aluminium concentrations in drinking water at the Yaroslavl South water treatment plant are considered. On the basis of analyzing the data on water quality the effect of separate parameters on the residual concentration of aluminium was revealed. The experimental results of investigating the Volga river water treatment with the use of different coagulants and flocculants are presented. The expediency of replacing aluminium sulfate and Praestol-650 flocculant with aluminium oxychloride coagulant in cold seasons is shown.
Key words
potable water , coagulant , flocculant , residual aluminium
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UDC 628.16.081
IVKIN P. A., LATISHEV N. S.
Improvement of Treatment Technique of High Colour and Low Turbidity Water
Summary
Humic substances are governing natural pollutants of high color and middle color river water. NII VODGEO has conducted the studies of effects of non-organic and organic coagulants in combination with high molecular flocculants. In the course of studies the efficiency of water treatment with aluminium oxychloride and Polysept has been compared. To improve efficiency of treatment flocculants Praestol have been used. Molecular-mass distribution of humic acids in influent water and water treated with reagents has been investigated. Results of the experiments with natural water have been confirmed with the use of model solutions prepared on the basis of sodium humate and also humic substances extracted from soil, turf and river water.
Key words
coagulant , flocculant , reagent treatment , high color water , humic acids , fulvic acids , molecular-mass distribution , aluminum oxychloride , organic coagulant Polysept
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UDC 628.161
GERASIMOV M. M., SMIRNOV A. D., Davlyaterova R. A., Peremykina L. A., Smagin V. A.
Advanced water treatment technologies in the city of Tchelyabinsk
Summary
The use of advanced technologies in the process of Shershnyovsky storage reservoir water treatment for domestic water supply of Tchelyabinsk and satellite-towns is described. Introducing comprehensive multi-stage water disinfection technology at the Tchelyabinsk water treatment facilities conforms fully to the international advanced trends in water treatment practice.
Key words
chlorination , ultra-violet disinfecting , coagulant , flocculant , pollutants , water treatment technique , powdered sorbent , barrier role of the treatment facilities
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UDC 628.113:624.131.41
Fomina V. F.
Water Humus Composition of the Vychegda River at Water Intake Site of the City of Syktyvkar
Summary
The Vychegda river is the main source of water supply for Syktyvkar. The water is characterized by low turbidity and high color, it contains ferrum and has low alkalinity and mineralization. During the autumn-winter period the water delivered to treatment facilities has a temperature of below 1 ºC. The swampiness of the river basin has an essential influence on water humus forming. The composition of humic substances adding the color to water is studied. It is defined, that fulvic acids compose the substantial part of humic substances. Color indices values for the main fractions of humic substances are defined. The influence of a seasonal composition and properties of humic substances and temperature conditions on water coagulation is proved.
Key words
suspended substances , chromaticity , flotation , humus , coagulant , filtration , river water
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UDC 628.16.065.2
Getmantsev S. V., Gandurina L. V., Sychev A. V.
Comparison of aluminium-containing coagulant efficiency in turbid river water purification
Summary
The results of comparing the efficiency of inorganic aluminium-containing coagulants with different chemical composition and basic substance concentration when used for turbid river water purification: aluminium sulphate, AQUA-AURAT™ aluminium polyoxychlorides as well as composite aluminium-based coagulants are presented. It was shown that composite coagulants and coagulating-flocculating compounds are most efficient for turbid water treatment.
Key words
turbidity , coagulant , flocculant , water treatment
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UDC 628.345.9.001.9
Linnikov O. D., Rodina I. V.
Comparative efficiency evaluation of a number of known flocculants
Summary
The results of comparative evaluation of coagulating activity of a number of known flocculants at full identity of all basic factors that affect the process of suspended and colloid-dispersed solids are presented. The investigations were carried out in laboratory conditions with model suspension of titanium dioxide in tap water with average solid phase particle size of 4.5 µm. The known flocculants were tested to compare their efficiency. The following series was received: Nalco 8103 ≤ Nanofloc ≤ VPK-402 ≤ Praestol 611 = Praestol 2510 ≤ Praestol 853 ≤ Praestol 655 ≤ Praestol 2500 ≤ Praestol 650. Comparing the flocculant efficiency with a fixed dosage of 5 mg/l resulted in another series: Nalco 8103 ≤ Nanofloc ≤ Praestol 611 ≤ VPK-402 ≤ Praestol 2510 ≤ Praestol 853 ≤ Praestol 655 ≤ Praestol 2500 ≤ Praestol 650. It was suggested to use 5 mg/l dosage of the following flocculants in the process of water clarification: Nalco 8103, VPK-402, Praestol 650, Praestol 655, Praestol 853, Praestol 2500, and 10 mg/l dosage of Nanofloc, Praestol 611, Praestol 2510. It was noted that the ion activity of the flocculants did not affect much their coagulating capacity. In the carried out tests the efficiency of all the tested flocculants was almost an order lower compared to that of aluminium- and iron-containing inorganic coagulants. The received results of the investigations can be used in removing suspended solids from natural and waste water.
Key words
clarification , coagulant , flocculant , sedimentation , suspension , coagulating capacity
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UDC 628.162.52.001.2
Raff P. A., Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida
Technology of Contact Clarification of Water under Conditions of the Volga Water Intake of the City of Kazan
Summary
The results of laboratory studies and pilot tests of the contact coagulation method used to clean the water of the Volga at the water supply station of Kazan are presented. It is established that water clarification can be performed by a one-stage scheme: by means of contact coagulation, and in the process the quality of the purified water fully meets the regulatory requirements. Some advantage of aluminium oxychloride over aluminium sulphate is noted, and it is shown, that for natural water treatment the polyacrylamide flocculants of cationic type, FO 4140 characterised by low density of charge in particular, are the most effective.
Key words
disinfection , water intake , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , contact clarification
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UDC 628.16.081:628.191:576.8
DUDKIN E. V., Samsonova S. P.
Microfiltration removal of phyto- and zooplankton
Summary
The results of pilot testing DynaDisc microfiltration system manufactured by Nordik Water Produkts AB for capturing phyto- and zooplankton are presented. The tests were carried out at the treatment facilities of Volzhsky and Izhevsk water and wastewater companies by the experts from Ionoobmennye tekhnologee CJSC. The data on the efficiency of using microfiltration during water reservoir blossoming that results in reduced rapid filter loading and water quality improvement are presented.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant , microfiltration , phytoplankton , filtration cycle , zooplankton
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UDC 628.35.004.1
Boichenko A. A., Miasoedov A. IU., Syrnikov E. V.
Flotation treatment of phenolic wastewater in a biochemical unit of the coke and by-product process
Summary
In 2014 the construction of a unique unit for biochemical treatment of wastewater from coke and by-product process at the «Novolipetsk Steelworks» OJSC was finished. EKOTON flotation units used in the process of removing tar and oils from the recycling phenol wastewater have been specially designed for the application in this industry and provide for 97.5% treatment level in relation to the main parameters. The results of the laboratory studies and full-scale tests of phenolic coke wastewater treatment by chemical dissolved air flotation are presented. The specialists of «EKOTON» Company have selected the parameters of the process equipment and improved the design of the flotation unit; determined the main parameters of physical-and chemical treatment of phenolic wastewater with due account for the wastewater composition, high temperature, limits of the tar and oil concentrations in the mixtures discharged from the flotation unit. The experimental data allowed developing the regulations for operating flotation units for coke and by-product process with the use of chemical treatment of phenolic wastewater. The novelty and singularity of the treatment processes introduced at the wastewater treatment facilities of «NMLK» OJSC provided for installing the completely sealed utilities and tanks above the ground to eliminate any possible underground water pollution and reduce air emissions. In 2015 after industrial-scale testing «EKOTON» flotation unit was commissioned as a part of the biochemical unit of the coke and by-product process.
Key words
coagulant , flocculant , pressure flotation , coking plant , biochemical treatment unit , flotation unit , phenolic water
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UDC 628.16.065
Kirsanov A. A., Egorova Yu. A., Erchev V. N., Dudarev V. A.
Economic Efficiency of the Use of Coagulant at the Pumping-Filter Station of the City of Samara
Summary
Results of the research in using the coagulant of aluminium polyoxychloride at the pumping-filter station № 1 of the city of Samara are presented. The technical and economic performance of the pumping-filter station № 1 are enhanced, working conditions are improved, amortization, energetic and other costs are reduced due to of simplification of chemical dosing workshop, release of equipment and mechanisms. In 2010 the general costs for chemicals were cut down by 16%. The combined scheme of water treatment with the use of aluminum sulfate and aluminum polyoxychloride enhances the stability of the treatment process of low-turbid water of the Saratov Reservoir.
Key words
coagulant , flocculant , pumping-filtration station , economic efficiency
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UDC 628.161.3
KINEBAS A. K., NEFEDOVA E. D., Gvozdev V. A., Rusanova L. P.
The efficiency of using aluminium polyoxychlorides in natural water purification
Summary
SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» has been continuously upgrading water treatment technologies with the aim of improving the quality of water services. The results of laboratory, pilot and industrial approbations provided for the data on the use of more than 160 samples of coagulants based on the salts of different polyvalent metals. Among them are aluminium-, iron-, and titanium-based coagulants and also their composite compounds. Investigating more than 50 samples of aluminium oxychloride produced both by local and foreign manufacturers showed that for such special water source as the Neva River the use of chemicals of low and medium base strength in the processes proceeding in contact clarifiers is most preferable. The use of aliminium oxychloride did not result in sharp decrease of alkalinity or pH at the increased coagulant dosages. The residual alkaline reserve in water allows introducing higher chemical dosages which results in improving the efficiency of the first water treatment stage at low temperatures of the water source (less than 4 °С) and reducing filter cycle. SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» has adopted the concept of using the range of coagulants during different year seasons.
Key words
coagulant , aluminum oxychloride , aluminium sulphate , pilot tests
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