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UDC 628.35:004.69
Strelkov A. K., Stepanov S. V., Strelkov D. A., Doubman I. S.
The experience of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities of Zhigulevsk
Summary
The experience of designing, constructing and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities (16,200 m3/day) in Zhigulevsk, Samara Area is described. Prior to the reconstruction the technical condition of the facilities was satisfactory. However, the effluent quality parameters exceeded the maximum permissible levels for BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen compounds, phosphates and oil products. The efficiency of primary settling related to BOD5 and suspended solids was about 50% resulting in BODfull: total mineral nitrogen: phosphorus of phosphates ratio changing from 100:12.5:1.7 to 100:21.8:3.16. Despite the deterioration of this primary effluent parameter in the process of nutrients removal it was decided to retain primary settling in the design layout because of the insufficient capacities of the existing aeration tanks. The technology of nitrification-denitrification with anoxic and aerobic zones and chemical phosphorus removal is suggested. The bioreactor capacity was increased 1.5 times by establishing the third process line in addition to the existing ones; besides the construction started from the nitrification-denitrification aeration tank to provide for the sustainable effluent quality for the entire reconstruction period.
For tertiary treatment a filter-bioreactor with a brush head was used. Disinfection is carried out by UV-irradiation in a trough-type unit without changing the gravity effluent flow. The design documentation was approved by the state expertise of the construction projects. By now a considerable part of the facilities has been constructed and put into operation. The successful experience of Zhigulevsk wastewater treatment facilities reconstruction carried out without interruption of wastewater inflow can be overspread among the similar projects in medium-scale cities of the central part of Russia.
Key words
reconstruction , wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , sewerage treatment facilities , denitrification , phosphorus elimination
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UDC 628.356.001.57
Meshengisser Yu. M., Shchetinin A. I., Esin M. A., Regotun A. A.
The experience of retechnologizing the existing wastewater biological treatment facilities
Summary
Retechnologization is an efficient advanced method of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities that has been successfully used by Ecopolymer Group for 10 years. Upon the completion of retechnologization of a number of wastewater treatment facilities with nutrient removal good quality of effluent at minimum construction works was achieved. The most perspective technology of removing nutrients from wastewater is multistage nitri-denitrification with the use of А/О- and А2/О-process flow schemes. Any type of aeration tank: two-, three- and four line facilities, complete-mix activated sludge systems, plug flow systems can be subject to retechnologization. Specific reconstruction design is determined with the help of mathematic modeling. Retechnologization of the wastewater treatment facilities has been carried out in more than twenty water and wastewater companies (Vodokanals).
Key words
biological treatment , removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , aeration tank , retechnologization
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UDC 628.35:661.5.001.42
Zalyotova N. A.
Experience of operating wastewater treatment facilities with two-stage nitrification-denitrification flow scheme
Summary
The results of field testing pilot treatment facilities with a capacity of 12,000 m3/day with two-stage nitrification-denitrification flow scheme are presented. The results of evaluating different methods of mixed liquor mixing within denitrification zones alongside with treatment facilities design procedure are given. It is shown that the use of mechanical mixers will provide for the required oxygenic mode in denitrification zones and improve the efficiency of total nitrogen and nitrite elimination.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , activated sludge , biogenic elements , denitrification , ammonium salts , mixing devices
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UDC 628.35:661.5.63
KOZLOV M. N., Kharkina O. V., Pakhomov A. N., Streltsov S. A., Khamidov M. G., Ershov B. A., Belov N. A.
Experience of Operation of Facilities of Wastewater Biological Treatment for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds
Summary
Introduction of technologies of wastewater treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is a priority way of development and reconstruction of treatment facilities of the MSUE Mosvodokanal. The technology of acidification of raw sludge of primary sedimentation plants makes it possible to increase the concentration of readily oxidizable organic compounds in wastewater which are necessary for organization of the process of advanced biological removal of phosphorus. Acidification of primary sludge of wastewater was introduced on industrial scale at the Lyubertsy treatment facilities of Moscow in 2009; it makes it possible to ensure the high quality of water treated at the block of biogenic elements removal of total capacity of 500 000 m3/day.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , acidification
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UDC 628.35:661.5
Stepanov S. V.
Specific features of designing oil refinery wastewater biological treatment facilities
Summary
Oil refinery wastewater is characterized by the presence of organics resistant to oxidation and practically total absence of phosphorus. The procedure of designing oil-containing wastewater biological treatment with nitrification-denitrification is used both for aeration tanks and membrane bioreactors. Designing is carried out with the use of kinetic relationships for all the regulated pollutants. During the experiments kinetic constants and coefficients of nitrification and denitrification processes, oxidation of organic substances (as BOD and COD), oil products, phenols and synthetic surfactants for wastewater of a number of oil refineries were obtained. Calculations algorithm includes the following stages: determining initial data – pollutant concentrations and wastewater flow rates; choosing the process flow scheme of the treatment facilities; calculating specific rate of biological treatment process on the basis of kinetic constants and coefficients; calculating activated sludge growth, nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the process of assimilation; estimating the retention time for oxidation of separate ingredients of pollutants and denitrification; determining the maximum aerobic process time in respect to the limiting component and treatment level in respect to other ingredients; calculating the required air consumption; checking the necessity of dosing phosphorus compounds for nutrient makeup. To improve the denitrification efficiency the configuration of the facilities was enlarged with a mixed liquor deaerator. The process design of a membrane bioreactor differs from the design of aeration tanks with nitrification-denitrification by correction of specific oxidation rate with account of the obtained kinetic constants and coefficient of inhibition with metabolism products at higher concentrations of activated sludge in the bioreactor. The experimental results allowed supplementing the procedure of designing wastewater biological treatment facilities with nitrification-denitrification developed by NII VODGEO.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , activated sludge , membrane bioreactor , denitrification , oil refinery , kinetic constant
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.08.06
UDC 628.35
Vilson Elena
Specific features of chemical phosphorus removal in the process of biological wastewater treatment
Summary
Wastewater treatment in public sanitation systems in settlements and urban districts has been the field of application of the best available technologies. For small and medium-sized treatment facilities, the concentration of phosphate phosphorus in the effluent is not regulated; for the facilities with a capacity of more than 10 thousand m3/day – it should not exceed 0.7 mg/dm3, while biological treatment and chemical removal of phosphorus is recommended. The issues of the chemical removal of phosphates and determination of the effect of the dose of aluminum-containing chemicals and pH value on the bacterial community of activated sludge by the identification component – protozoa, are considered. During the studies it was found that both the type of chemical and the point of its introduction into the biological treatment facilities affect the value of the optimal chemical dose; the reasons for changing the dose of the chemical depending on the introduction point were identified. While chemical solution is introduced into primary settling tanks, the dose can exceed the theoretically determined one by 4–5 times. The pH values of the chemical treatment system were determined as a factor of dependence on the initial concentrations of phosphates in wastewater, at which poorly soluble aluminum phosphates are formed. It has been established that the relationship between pH of the system and the concentration of dissolved aluminum phosphates has a key effect on the state of protozoa. While the required pH value is maintained, the doses of the aluminum-containing chemical can be high (up to 116 mg/l), however not resulting in the biodegradation of the sludge system. The introduction of coagulant solution into the nitrification zone of an aeration tank can result both in the degradation of sludge, and violation of MPC for dissolved aluminum and phosphorus in the effluent. Therefore, in case of supplying the coagulant solution to the end of the nitrifying aeration tank, chemical phosphorus removal can be enhanced by the additional alkalization of the sludge liquor.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , phosphate ions , рН of sludge liquor , aluminium-containing coagulants , optimal dose , protozoa , microscopic examination of activated sludge
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UDC 628.35:661.5
Stepanov S. V., Gabidullina L. A., MOROZOVA K. M., Stepanov A. S., Sokolova T. V.
Evaluation of the impact of wastewater from separate oil refining units on biological treatment process
Summary
The composition and kinetic characteristics of biochemical oxidation of separate wastewater flows from oil refining process units is determined. The study subject was wastewater of the Novokuibyshevsk oil refinery – fuel and lube refiner. In order to evaluate separate wastewater flows with different biological degradability, a kinetic method under contact conditions was used, i. e. the method of recording variations in time of dissolved oxygen concentration followed by determining the oxygen uptake rate depending on the concentration of substrate or other factors. It was stated that the significant part of wastewater from oil refining process units was inhibiting the process of biological treatment of the entire wastewater flow of the refinery. The experimental determination of the inhibition constants of enzyme kinetics equations is of great practical interest because it provides for evaluating the toxic flow impact on the process rate, and what is more determining the type of inhibition. Knowing the inhibition type the ways of eliminating inhibition can be determined which is equally important in biologcal treatment of toxic wastewater. The general methods of eliminating any type of inhibition in the process of oil refinery wastewater biolological treatment is decreasing the toxic flow part in the total flow, i. e. flow rate equalization and activated sludge concentration increase in the facilities. Flow and pollution concentration equalization will prevent from the disturbance of biological treatment processes related to volleys of such wastewater. The last confirms the technological expediency of using membrane bioreactors for biological treatment of oil refinery wastewater that allow operating under the conditions of complete activated sludge retention the the reactor.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , oil refinery , kinetic constants and coefficients , competitive inhibition , uncompetitive inhibition , substrate inhibition
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UDC 628.35
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.11.06
Strelkov A. K., Bazarova Anastasiia
Estimation of the technical and economic expediency of biological wastewater treatment facilities for oil extraction enterprises using a biocenosis of aerobic thermophilic microorganisms
Summary
A process flow scheme was developed for the biological treatment of wastewater of oil extraction production enterprises using aerobic thermophilic microorganisms immobilized on inert media. Based on the constants of the equations of enzymatic kinetics of biological wastewater treatment obtained during the experimental studies, a methodology for calculating the facilities was adapted, and formulas were substantiated to calculate the residence time in aeration facilities providing for a set treatment level. A technical and economic analysis showed the feasibility of using the proposed biological treatment method in bioreactors with a biocenosis of aerobic thermophilic microorganisms immobilized on a biological media block. Based on the calculation of the life cycle cost, the economic feasibility of the developed technology for the treatment of wastewater from oil extraction production was proven; the prime cost was 25.68 rubles/m3.
Key words
biological treatment , life cycle cost , technical and economic evaluation , cost of wastewater treatment , aerobic thermophilic microorganisms , oil extraction production
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.08.07
UDC 628.35:351.814.1
Kadrevich Artem, Vilson Elena, Litvinenko Viacheslav
Airport surface wastewater treatment
Summary
Nowadays the problem of pollution of surface wastewater from the territory of airports with aircraft anti-icing products (ethylene glycol) and products of anti-icing treatment of solid surfaces (formates and acetates) is gaining more and more publicity. The damage to water resources can no longer be hidden, since the residents of residential area close to the airport pay attention to dying flora and fauna, changes in the color and smell of the rivers receiving discharged raw wastewater. The lack of understanding among engineering companies of how this problem can be solved gives no way to the airports to do this. An analysis of the world experience of airports related to the treatment of surface wastewater contaminated with ethylene glycol is given. The process flow scheme of biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment developed by the process engineers of «ECOS» JSC, taking into account the regulatory requirements accepted in the Russian Federation, is presented.
Key words
biological treatment , bioreactor , surface runoff , pilot plant , biofilm , Center for Research and Education , ethylene glycol , airport , anti-icing liquid , anti-icing liquid , formate , acetate , synthetic media , laboratory setup
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UDC 628.35: 661.5.63
Ospanov K. T., Elzhasov A. A.
Sewerage Treatment Facilities of the City of Astana (Kazakhstan)
Summary
The flow chart of biological treatment of municipal wastewater making it possible to increase the efficiency of removal of phosphorous compounds equally with the efficient removal of nitrogen compounds is offered. Advantage of this technology is possibility of reconstruction and modernization of operating treatment facilities with the maximum use of existing capacities. The technique of nitri-denitrification with a dephosphatation chamber is used at the operating facilities of the city of Astana. Zeolite of the Chankanayskoye deposit is used as a media. Zeolite intensifies the processes of advanced biological treatment of wastewater both for organic pollutants and biogenic elements.
Key words
sedimentation tank , suspended substances , wastewater , biological treatment , nitrogen , phosphorous , aeration tank
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.10.06
UDC 628.355
Kevbrina M. V., Akmentina A. V., Dorofeev A. G., Agarev Anton, Aseyeva V. G., KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A.
Advanced technology of municipal wastewater treatment
with granular sludge
Summary
Increasing the specific biochemical capacity of the facilities using the so-called granular activated sludge is one of the promising areas for the development of biological wastewater treatment technologies. Granular sludge is microbial biocenosis specializing in the decomposition and mineralization of substances present in wastewater. The main distinction from regular sludge is due to two important factors: the composition of the basic structural unit of granular sludge – granules, and a high sedimentation rate (up to 20 m/h). This provides for developing sludge doses of up to 10 g/l in bioreactors of wastewater treatment. The results of the development of the first biotechnology in Russia for municipal wastewater treatment of using granular activated sludge are presented. The technology has been implemented at the facilities of Mosvodokanal JSC. The technology of aerobic biological treatment in a sequencing batch reactor with sequential nitri-denitrification and an upward flow of wastewater provides for the quality of effluent that meets the standards for maximum permissible concentrations for discharge into fishery bodies. Technical and economic comparison of the developed technology with the technology of removing nutrients in flow-through aeration tank showed that the life cycle costs of the facilities with partially granulated activated sludge are 1.4 times less than the costs of traditional biological treatment technology (for a capacity of 1000 m3/day).
Key words
biological treatment , granulated activated sludge , municipal wastewater , nutrients removal , SBR-reactor
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UDC 628.35:661.5.63
Trunov P. V., Lunin S. V., Chuev E. V., Pavlova V. Yu.
Enhancement of Efficiency of Biological Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds at Sewerage Treatment Facilities
Summary
The technology of wastewater treatment for biogenic elements using the processes of nitri-denitrification and dephosphatization on the basis of up-to-date sewerage treatment facilities is described. The principle of computer simulation with the help of the program complex BioWin is the basis of technical decisions. The aim of this calculation is to achieve reliable results which can be used in practice. The main advantages of introduction of high effective, ecologically safe technologies of waste water treatment using the equipment manufactured by the scientific and production firm Ekoton are described. Stages of the main works made by the engineering department of the company which can become a base for the beginning of design preliminary studies and receiving of necessary investments are considered.
Key words
biological treatment , nitrogen , phosphorous , nitri-denitrification , dephosphatization , simulation of treatment processes , Optimizing calculation
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UDC 628.35:661.5
Streltsov S. A., Nikolaev Yu. A., GRACHEV V. A., Aseyeva V. G., Mikhailova Iu. V.
Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment by the method
of activated sludge enrichment with nitrifying bacteria
Summary
Ammonium concentration in effluent is one of the most important indicators of biological wastewater treatment efficiency. Ammonium oxidation to nitrates (nitrification) is executed by nitrifying bacteria characterized by low growth rate and high sensitivity to some adverse technologic factors (e.g. low oxygen concentration, toxicants). To provide for stabilizing the number of nitrifying bacteria, increasing their activity in bioreactors with activated sludge and improving the efficiency of removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater different processing technologies are used. One of them is bioaugmentation (inoculation of essential microorganisms or arrangement of conditions for their evolution with the purpose of improving the specific activity of biosystem, e.g. activated sludge). The specialists of R&D Centre of «Mosvodokanal» JSC studied the efficiency of nitrification process in an installation working after the process flow scheme developed in the University of Cape Town in combination with an additional bioaugmented reactor. In the reactor activated sludge is being enriched with nitrifying bacteria. At increased ammonium load simulated by adding liquid phase of digested sludge the main process line did not provide for reducing ammonium to the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants in fishery water bodies. The use of bioaugmented reactor allowed reducing ammonium concentration (N–NH4) from 40–50 to 0.4 mg/l. With that the resistance of nitrifying bacteria of activated sludge to toxicants (thiourea) showed no increase. However with the availability of a bioaugmented reactor the inhibiting effect was somewhat abated.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , nitrification , bioaugmentation , scheme of the University of Cape Town , bioaugmented reactor
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UDC 628.336.429:504.009
KERIN A. S., Sidorov S. M., Sokolova E. V.
The Use of the UGOS-110Installation in Technological Processes of Wastewater Sludge Treatment
Summary
Results of the study of possibility of using the UGOS-110 installation for enhancement of efficiency of excess activated sludge in the flow charts of domestic wastewater treatment are described. Non-densifying activated sludge from the secondary settling plants was treated. As a result it is established that the use of UGOS-110 equipment is the most preferred at facilities of biological treatment of domestic wastewater with output of up to 3000 m³ per day. It makes it possible to improve the level of sludge dewatering, reduce the flocculant consumption, cut equipment costs.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , surplus active silt , dehydration , flocculant , sludge moisture content , compaction
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UDC 628.356
Dorofeev A. G., KOZLOV M. N., Aseyeva V. G., Kevbrina M. V.
Causes and methods of control of foam formation in aeration tanks
Summary
The phenomenon of foam formation caused by the development of filamentous microorganisms is a common problem observed at the wastewater treatment facilities. Foam types, microorganisms responsible for activated sludge bulking and foaming are described. The causes stimulating mass growth of filamentous microorganisms in aeration tanks: high concentration of grease and oil products in wastewater, high sludge age and low concentration of dissolved oxygen in aerobic zones of aeration tanks have been analyzed. The experts of R&D Centre of «Mosvodokanal» OJSC developed the criteria of evaluating the number of filamentous nocardioformic actinomycetes in the process of microscopic investigation of the sample. The simple and practical method of quantitative determination of activated sludge filamentous microorganisms developed and used in «Mosvodokanal» OJSC is presented. Special attention is paid to the methods used in the world practice for prevention and elimination of foaming in aeration tanks: improvement of primary settling tanks operation, sludge age control, optimization of dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorination, the use of extractors, surface foam traps, anti-foaming agents, coagulants and polymers. The analysis of world practice gives evidences that methods of foam control shall be selected with account of the specific features of the technology used and parameters of incoming wastewater. Comprehensive measures including both short-term and long-term methods of foam control turn to be most efficient. In connection with global prevalence of foaming phenomenon at the biological municipal wastewater treatment facilities it seems appropriate to take into account the technical and technological means of foam elimination already at the stage of designing treatment facilities.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , foaming , filamentous bacteria , activated sludge bulking , anti-foaming agent
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UDC 628.356
Kharkina O. V.
Problems of designing biological treatment facilities with nitrogen and phosphorus removal
Summary
Ensuring the quality of effluent to the level of the most stringent regulatory requirements including the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies is the responsibility not only of engineering companies providing for professionally executed design solutions but also of the customers responsible for correctly compiled technical tasks, professional choice of effective technical and commercial proposals, competent operation of wastewater treatment facilities. The experience of operating wastewater treatment plants using nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies makes it possible to assert that in this case a professional approach to the selection of contractors and operation on the part of the customers and to the design on the part of the contractors ensures the required quality of effluent. The problems arising at the design stage of wastewater treatment facilities and the choice of technical and commercial proposals are considered. Recommendations for their solution are given. The article is intended both for the process engineers of engineering companies and for the customers of projects who find it difficult to correctly choose the most effective design solution from a large number of proposed technical and commercial proposals.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , sewerage treatment facilities , nitrogen and phosphorus , design and calculation of nutrient removal facilities
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UDC 628.356.1
Meshengisser Yu. M.
The past and future of the domestic aerator engineering (on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the first RF Patent «Tube aerator»)
Summary
The stages of development of the domestic production and use of aeration systems in wastewater treatment – from traditional perforated pipes to high efficient aeration systems are described. The drawbacks and advantages of aerators, their applicability under certain conditions are designated. In the years ahead the development of not just aerators is planned but of aeration systems that include the entire equipment set for saturating water with oxygen: regulated air blowers, delivering and distributing pipelines with shutoff and control valves, comprehensive automated air supply control systems, aerators, systems of quick-detachable fittings and other elements that provide for optimal supplying air to the aeration tanks and if necessary for easily changing the system configuration in the process of retechnologisation of the treatment facilities.
Key words
biological treatment , activated sludge , aerator , aeration system , air-lift effect
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UDC 628.35
Esin M. A., Smirnov Aleksandr Vladimirovich, Sokolov A. N.
Commissioning – the key stage of putting treatment facilities into operation
Summary
The issues related to the commissioning of the equipment and wastewater treatment facilities are considered. A brief review of the history of commissioning the facilities in the Soviet Union and in present day Russia is given. The problem areas of adjusting every equipment assembly, the algorithm of work performance and the required results are shown. The attainment of sustainable performance is provided by quality and skilled commissioning. Correct visual evaluation of the equipment state carried out during the acceptance for commissioning procedure is very important. Nonobserved defects and faults in the process line will cause fast assembly fail which can result in an accident. The principles of «My Project» Company activities related to commissioning are presented. Special attention is paid to adjusting biological treatment in aeration tanks: from the front end engineering to the routine maintenance of the assembly.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , mechanical treatment , aftertreatment , facilities reconstruction , commissioning , erection supervision
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