DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.04.05
UDC 628.33:628.212.2
Vereshchagina Lidiia, Khudiakova Dar’ia, Gromov Grigorii
Principal directions for improving process flow schemes and designs of units for surface runoff treatment
Summary
The issues of surface runoff treatment from the territories of communities of various functional purposes are considered, in particular, the improvement of process flow schemes and designs of low-capacity local treatment facilities of flow-through or storage type, that discharge the effluents into the public wastewater disposal systems and water bodies. The features of the organization of systems for the surface runoff disposal and treatment, as well as the provisions of the water and environmental legislation of the Russian Federation and design code that have come into force over the past 2 years are given. It is noted that in the context of the transition of the federal regulation of wastewater discharge to technological regulation based on the best available technologies, the scope of small-capacity facilities of flow-through and storage type tends to expand. This is due to the fact that the customers are allowed to use them while discharging surface runoff into the public wastewater disposal systems of the communities, provided the quality of effluents received by these systems comply with the regulatory requirements. Principal schemes of the flow-through and storage type facilities for surface runoff treatment in combination with tertiary treatment plants are given. Casings of underground tanks and vessels, including improved flow-through units for the primary mechanical treatment of surface runoff, are made of fiberglass pipes of increased ring stiffness and durability.
Key words
mechanical treatment , thin layer sedimentation , surface runoff , wastewater management systems , storage settling tank , treatment facilities of flow-through and storage type , filtration-sorption tertiary treatment , open hydraulic cyclone , fiberglass pipes
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UDC 628.212.2
Ganbarov E. S., GULIEV F. S.
Municipal surface runoff treatment in Baku
Summary
A number of problems related to establishing a centralized system of surface runoff treatment from built-up areas by the example of Baku under the conditions of the regulated inflow with the restoration of the functions of the operating separate wastewater disposal system are considered. A process flow scheme of the centralized treatment of surface runoff with placing treatment facilities in two locations has been developed. The location of one of the treatment plants is planned near the Azerbaijan Bay; it is designed for chemical free treatment by sedimentation and filtration of surface runoff from a group of sewers in the central part of the city in case of using part of the effluent for the municipal landscape irrigation; in case of discharging the effluent into the sea chemical treatment is applied. The second plant is planned to build outside the city on the basis of the operating treatment facilities of Zykh community with subsequent tertiary effluent treatment at the municipal treatment facilities. The efficiency of the basic elements of the surface runoff treatment and tertiary treatment scheme at the first plant was studied on the basis of the experimental tests of sedimentation and tertiary treatment by filtration through floating foamed polystyrene bed. Upgrade and re-equipment of the wastewater disposal systems is one of the most complicated engineering tasks focused on improving the environmental situation and protecting the municipal coastland from pollution with surface runoff. Establishing the scheme of surface runoff removal and treatment from the built-up Baku area with installing trunk storm sewers, separation chambers and regulating tanks will provide at last for the solution of the most important environmental problem.
Key words
storm sewers , trunk sewer , surface runoff , filtration , treatment facilities
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UDC 628.32:628.221
Skolubovich Iurii, Voytov E. L., Tsyba A. A., Balchugov D. V., Kamaletdinov A. R.
Purification of storm water from the territories of industrial enterprises
Summary
The state of surface runoff disposal systems in Russia has been considered. In many cities the systems of atmospheric precipitation removal are in an extremely unsatisfactory condition since they have hardly undergone any upgrade. During intensive precipitation and heavy snowmelt rain and melt water accumulate on the territory of industrial enterprises. At the same time the treatment of surface runoff is complicated by the increase in volumes of wastewater and the physical deterioration of treatment facilities. As a result surface runoff containing suspended solids, oil products and other pollutants enters water bodies without treatment producing a negative impact on the ecosystem of water bodies. The characteristic of the composition of surface runoff of industrial enterprises is given on the example of a coal preparation plant in the city of Novosibirsk. Methods of treatment are considered. In order to reduce the harmful effects of surface runoff on water bodies at the Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) storm water treatment technology has been developed that provides for the effluent discharge into open water bodies or usage in recirculating water supply of enterprises.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , water body , storm water treatment
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UDC 628.316
Strelkov A. K., Sargsyan A. M., Pobegailo A. B.
Surface runoff treatment from urban territories and adjacent railway utility lines
Summary
Surface runoff has been one of the main pollutants of the environment alongside with domestic and industrial wastewater. Surface runoff constituting filtrate from railway bed is highly toxic and shall be subject to special decontamination before discharge into water bodies. The studies are aiming at the development and selection of the optimal method from the point of efficiency, cost effectiveness and ease of using the technology of surface runoff treatment from residential territories of Samara and adjacent railway. The problems of purification of surface runoff from railway bed and adjacent residential territories of Samara are considered through the example of discharge into the Depovskii gully. During the study samples of wastewater were taken and analyzed to estimate the composition of pollution. Basing on the analysis results several options of surface runoff treatment with the use of different technologies are considered. The improved process flow scheme that provides for 85–90% efficiency of surface runoff treatment is proposed provided its implementation is economically feasible. The given technology shall be implemented with its upgrade to complete purification.
Key words
surface runoff , environmental protection , rainfall runoff , sorption treatment , оsludge treatment and utilization
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.08.07
UDC 628.35:351.814.1
Kadrevich Artem, Vilson Elena, Litvinenko Viacheslav
Airport surface wastewater treatment
Summary
Nowadays the problem of pollution of surface wastewater from the territory of airports with aircraft anti-icing products (ethylene glycol) and products of anti-icing treatment of solid surfaces (formates and acetates) is gaining more and more publicity. The damage to water resources can no longer be hidden, since the residents of residential area close to the airport pay attention to dying flora and fauna, changes in the color and smell of the rivers receiving discharged raw wastewater. The lack of understanding among engineering companies of how this problem can be solved gives no way to the airports to do this. An analysis of the world experience of airports related to the treatment of surface wastewater contaminated with ethylene glycol is given. The process flow scheme of biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment developed by the process engineers of «ECOS» JSC, taking into account the regulatory requirements accepted in the Russian Federation, is presented.
Key words
biological treatment , bioreactor , surface runoff , pilot plant , biofilm , Center for Research and Education , ethylene glycol , airport , anti-icing liquid , anti-icing liquid , formate , acetate , synthetic media , laboratory setup
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UDC 628.334
Probirsky M. D., Rublevskaya O. N., Kim A. N., Ivanenko I. I.
Prospects of surface runoff disposal and treatment in St. Petersburg
Summary
St. Petersrburg is the biggest megacity on the Baltic Sea, with well-developed industrial and transportation infrastructure. The scale of the city determines the level of the responsibility for the Baltic Sea state before the international community – participants in the Helsinki Convention. By the present moment a list of activities has been developed that includes rearranging direct outfalls and eliminating direct discharges of raw sewage into the water bodies; the process solutions on combined and domestic wastewater treatment to the required effluent quality standards have been studied in detail. The system of accounting the level of precipitation and calculating the amount of surface runoff on the basis of this data is described. The information on the automated network of accounting the atmospheric precipitation and on the automated system to control this network is presented. The method of calculating surface runoff amount has been updated; the sanitation areas are being specified according to the digital territory plan. The studies of the surface runoff seasonal quality fluctuations are carried out; the classification of the territories according to the pollution type has been introduced. The surface runoff treatment facilities with the use of different process flow schemes are described.
Key words
treatment facilities , surface runoff , direct outfall , calculation of surface runoff amount , precipitation gauge
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UDC 628.2/.4:006.3:349.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.05.02
Vereshchagina Lidiia, Danilovich Dmitrii, Frog Dmitrii
On the issue of making amendments to the CP 32.13330.2018
«SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. Pipelines and Wastewater Treatment Plants» with regard to designing systems for surface runoff disposal and treatment
Summary
An explanation is given of certain provisions of CP 32.13330.2018 «SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. Pipelines and Wastewater Treatment Plants», put into force on January 28, 2022 by order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 27, 2021 No. 1023/pr. CP 32.13330.2018 «SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. Pipelines and Wastewater Treatment Plants» with regard to designing systems for surface runoff disposal and treatment in relation to the classification of surface runoff origin into two types by the territorial-industrial attribute; an updated definition of surface runoff of the 1st and 2nd types is submitted. The provisions of paragraph 7.1.4 of the Code of Practice, not regulated by law, are discussed, concerning the development of standards for permissible discharges for customers of public wastewater disposal systems in communities that do not have treatment facilities for effluent discharge into a water body. It is noted that the problem cannot be resolved within the framework of the current Code of Practice 32.13330.2018. To develop a basis for regulating relations in this situation, amending the provisions of Article 60 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, which contains a ban on discharging wastewater into water bodies without sanitary treatment and neutralization, is required.
Key words
surface runoff , classification groups , public surface runoff disposal systems , statutory regulation of discharges
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UDC 628.33:624.144.55
Variushina G. P., Primin Oleg
Practical aspects of operating surface runoff treatment facilities
in winter period
Summary
The core indicators of the operation of surface runoff treatment facilities in winter period are cited. The results of snow melt composition study obtained from the samples of fresh snow and samples taken from road surfaces in Moscow and different industrial areas are presented. The analysis was carried out at the MosvodokanalNIIproject laboratory for municipal, industrial-rain water and sludge treatment. Based on the chemical and analytical studies the multicomponent chemical composition of snow mass was determined that reflected the large-scale impact of anthropogenic and natural factors. The kinetics of the suspended substances in snow melt sedimentation in a snow melter section of the retention tank of the treatment facilities is shown. The process of snow mass melting under the conditions of the operating facilities was studied. Field measurements of thermophysical properties were carried out, the recommendations on reducing the costs of the energy inputs of the snow melting process and the time of snow mass processing were developed. It was stated that the efficient operation of the retention facilities for industrial surface runoff treatment designed by «MosvodokanalN Iproject» JSC could be maintained throughout the year and served as an example of a water conservation solution.
Key words
surface runoff , chemical composition of snow mass , snow mass melting , snow melting facilities , retention facilities
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UDC 502.36:628.221:628.33
Vereshchagina Lidiia
Aspects of adoption of the technologic regulation of surface runoff discharge
Summary
Topical issues are discussed related to the regulation of surface runoff discharge into water bodies that arose in connection with the implementation of 219-FZ Federal Law «On amending Federal Law «On environmental protection» and separate enactments of the Russian Federation» in the process of adopting the process parameters of the best available techniques as the basis of the federal regulation of the environmental intrusions of the business activities instead of the existing principles based on the standard quality of fishery waters. The list and values of the process parameters of the best available techniques of surface runoff treatment set in «ITS 10-2015. Wastewater treatment with the use of public wastewater disposal systems of communities, urban districts» with account of the actual environmental conditions of the water bodies that receive discharges is presented. The list of the statutory and regulatory enactments currently under development is also presented alongside with the recommendations of the RF Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of February 5, 2018 that shall be followed during the transition period in the process of designing, constructing and upgrading the treatment facilities operated by the organizations that provide for wastewater disposal of settlements including public storm water drainage systems classified as I or II category projects (in case of applying for a complex ecological permit).
Key words
surface runoff , permissible discharge limit (PDL) , best available techniques (BAT) , best available techniques (BAT) , operating standards
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UDC 628.334
Variushina G. P., Sveshnikova N. V.
Addressing the upgrade of surface runoff treatment facilities
Summary
The results of studies and seasonal observations, estimation of the process parameters of the operation, and development of recommendations for improving the operation of the systems of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of surface runoff from industrial sites and highways are presented; the studies were carried out by the laboratory for municipal, industrial and rainfall runoff and sludge. The studies have been carried out during 20 years at the operating treatment facilities built upon the project of «MosvodokanalNIIproject» JSC at different industrial enterprises. The research methodology consisted in monitoring the quantitative parameters of the incoming surface runoff, its composition and properties as well as the efficiency of pollution elimination at every stage of the process flow scheme. The concentrations of pollutants in the surface runoff were chemically determined with the use of laboratory analytical instruments against the following parameters: settling and suspended substances, oil products, chemical oxygen demand, synthetic surfactants, and heavy metals. Besides, during the studies the mechanical properties and chemical composition of oil slurry and sludge generated in the process of surface runoff treatment were studied. Based on the summarized experience of operating the treatment facilities the criteria characterizing the basic indicators of the process solutions and equipment efficiency have been developed. The technical solutions that provide for upgrading the operated treatment schemes and meeting the required standards of the surface runoff treatment before discharge to the water bodies are proposed.
Key words
sludge , surface runoff , industrial project , operation of treatment facilities , oil slurry , standard of effluent discharge to the water bodies
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UDC 628.212.2
Ganbarov E. S., GULIEV F. S.
Storm Sewer Development in Baku
Summary
Basing on the results of theoretical and experimental investigations a process scheme providing for chemical free treatment of polluted storm water in a compact float-filter placed in a circular settler is proposed. As may be required tertiary treatment by filtration through inert media is applied. The recommended technology can be applied in developing the Master Plan of surface runoff removal and treatment in the city of Baku. The technology provides for integrated treatment of storm water with pollution concentration reduction to the set limits. The effluent can be reused as process water for industrial enterprises, auto washing, street washing and irrigation of planted land.
Key words
treatment facilities , sewage collectors , storm sewers , trunk sewer , surface runoff , drainage area
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UDC 504.064:551.577.21
Stepanov Mikhail, Primin Oleg, Vereshchagina Lidiia, SHVETSOV V. N.
Development of the Regional program of protecting Moscow water bodies from pollution with surface runoff
Summary
The description of the Moscow system of surface runoff disposal and treatment characterized by the extensive use of the urban hydrographical system as elements of the drainage network is presented. Nowadays the system is positioned as «urban collector-river drainage system» that encompasses up to 90% of the Moscow territory within its old boundaries. It is noted that surface runoff from the developed areas, properly collected and diffused, is a main source of technogenic pollution and degradation of the water bodies in Moscow in the city area. Under current conditions improving their ecological state is possible only by the implementation of measures on reducing the anthropogenic impact on the water bodies and their catchment basins; eliminating the accumulated environmental damage; restoring the self-purification capacity and protecting underground water from pollution. To perform these tasks the Regional program of protecting the Moscow water bodies from surface runoff pollution basing on the principles of regulating the discharge of pollutants on the basis of the best available techniques of wastewater treatment is proposed. In the process of developing the Regional program together with the information-technical reference book ITS 10-2015 «Wastewater treatment with the use of public wastewater disposal systems of settlements, urban districts» a number of governmental bylaws developed and adopted in furtherance of the provisions of Federal Laws No. 219-FZ and No. 416-FZ should be also taken into account.
и № 416-ФЗ.
Key words
best available techniques , surface runoff , environmental damage , anthropogenous impact , surface runoff collection and treatment , regional program
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UDC 628.311
Vereshchagina Lidiia
Calculating the capacity of surface runoff treatment facilities in the context of the environmental legislation reform
Summary
The regulatory documents – federal laws, RF Government Decrees and Environmental Protection Department orders are presented that were brought into force with the purpose of reforming the environmental legislation with regard to the protection of water bodies from wastewater pollution. Their great importance for water users is noted because the adopted regulatory documents determine the relationships between water and wastewater utilities and the customers of the public wastewater disposal systems; regulate the procedure of determining the permissible concentrations of pollutants discharged by water and wastewater utilities into water bodies, the procedure of determining on their basis the permissible pollutant concentrations discharged by the customers; and confirm the basic principles of estimating and charging for the negative impact on the environment including violation of the permissible discharge standards. Special attention is paid to RF Ministry of Natural Resources order No. 339 of July 29, 2014 related to making amendments to «The methods of developing the standards of permissible pollutant and microorganisms discharges to water bodies for water users» (2007). New «Guidelines for designing the systems of collection, removal and treatment of surface runoff from habitable territories, industrial sites, and determining the conditions of its discharge into water bodies» developed by «NII VODGEO»» OJSC in 2014 as a Supplement to Building Code SP 32.13330.2012. «Sewer system. Public utilities. Revised edition of SNiP 2.04.03-85» are discussed. The specific features of calculating the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants applied to the outlets of surface effluents generated on habitable territories and industrial sites are noted. The improved methods of calculating daily melt water amounts removed for treatment and the capacity of the treatment facilities are presented.
Key words
standard of allowable discharge , pollutants , surface runoff , environmental legislation , capacity of treatment facilities
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UDC 628.216
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.11.07
Strelkov A. K., Shuvalov M. V., Palagin Evgenii, Pavlukhin A. A., Teplykh Svetlana
Development of a combined drainage system within the boundaries of the historical settlement of Samara
Summary
The paper dwells upon the development of a combined drainage system within the boundaries of the historical settlement of Samara. The issues of centralized storm sewer systems that discharge their effluents into the Saratov reservoir, are considered. Of particular interest is the historical part of the city where architectural and historical monuments are located including an egg-shaped sewer laid at the beginning of the twentieth century. The effect of water consumption reduction on the fill rate of the pipelines and underloading of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities is shown. The physicochemical composition of surface runoff, as well as maximum permissible concentrations for the Volga River are considered. To correct the situation, using regulating (storage) tanks is proposed to develop a centralized combined drainage system at ten outfalls into the Volga and Samara rivers. A general sequence for the regulation, treatment and discharge of surface runoff has been developed presented in the horizontal diagram of the discharge of surface runoff. Possible development of a combined drainage system with the use of regulating tanks in a public storm sewer for the outfalls located within the boundaries of the historical part of Samara will solve the problem of removing surface runoff and provide for the partial additional workload on the municipal wastewater treatment facilities.
Key words
reconstruction , surface runoff , public wastewater disposal systems , combined drainage system , historical settlement
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.01.09
UDC 628. 32:628.221
Tsyba A. A., Skolubovich Iurii, Pupyrev E. I., Ponomarenko A. M., Volkov Dmitrii
Environmentally friendly technology for the treatment of surface runoff from industrial sites
Summary
The issues related to the collection and treatment of surface runoff from the territories of industrial enterprises are stated. The analysis of the technologies for surface runoff treatment showed that the applied process flow schemes, generally, did not produce the required effect and were uneconomical. In addition, the technologies and equipment often do not provide for the utilization of wash water and sludge generated during the treatment of surface runoff. As a result, raw surface runoff containing suspended solids, oil products and other pollutants enters water bodies and produces a negative impact on the ecosystem of water bodies, public health and safety. In this regard, improving the technologies of surface runoff treatment to achieve high efficiency at minimal costs is a most urgent task. The characteristics of the composition of surface runoff from industrial sites are given through the example of a CPP facility in Novosibirsk. Surface runoff treatment methods are considered. The way of improving the technologies of surface runoff treatment with the use of structurally new treatment facilities, increasing the efficiency of chemical treatment and utilization of sludge is determined.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , surface runoff sludge , wash water , discharge into a water body
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.03.08
UDC 628.212.2:625.042
Teplykh Svetlana, Strelkov A. K., Bukhman N. S.
Environmental and economic assessment of surface runoff
discharge from railway stations
Summary
Non-point and controlled discharges of raw and insufficiently treated surface runoff from railway stations, bridges and bridge crossings produce a negative impact on the natural state of intersecting or nearby water bodies. The environmental damage of the surface runoff from the railway stations and bridge crossings of the Kuibyshev Railway was assessed for non-point discharge (without treatment); for controlled discharge through the tank; for 70% treatment efficiency; for the treatment to the quality standards for fishery waters. The calculations show that for bridge crossings and small stations surface runoff treatment with 70% efficiency is rational; for medium and big railway stations surface runoff treatment to the quality standards for fishery waters is recommended; for railway terminals only individual design should be applied, possibly with zoning of the territory, due to the large length of up to 5km and the complex layout of railways and availability of enterprises that provide services to the terminal. Preservation and restoration of natural water bodies is possible with certain investments in the protection of the environment provided the water bodies return or approach their original state. For environmental protection measures the economic result is expressed in: prevented damage and an increase in the income of the owner of the facility that affects the water resources region.
Key words
surface runoff , pollutants , bridges and river crossings , calculation of damage , non-point discharge , railway stations
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UDC 628.33:628.212.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.07.07
Sukhomlinov Viktor, Melekhov Roman, Golosniakov Vitalii
Efficient treatment of surface runoff
Summary
The experience of practical operation of flow-through systems for surface runoff treatment in different real-life environment on the territory of the Russian Federation showed their complete technological failure. In the estimation of specialists, the process and design parameters of flow-through plants do not comply with the design standards in force in the Russian Federation, the declared degree of surface runoff treatment being unachievable; that is, virtually, flow-through systems simulate treatment processes. Along with the traditional set of pollutants typical for surface runoff (sand, suspended solids, oil products and heavy metals), microplastics pose a real threat to water bodies that receive storm water. Technological inconsistency of flow-through treatment systems and new objective tasks of removing additional types of pollution from surface runoff necessitate the use of reliable process solutions for the treatment of surface runoff.
Key words
surface runoff , local treatment facilities , block-modular plant , pilot tests , flow-through systems , accumulating systems , microplastic
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