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UDC 628.3:62-531.3.003.13
Shadrin V. A.
Improving the energy efficiency
Summary
Retrofitting frequency converters at the water and sewage pumping stations of Tchelyabinsk MUE «Water Supply and Wastewater Management Production Association» as part of the «Program of energy conservation and efficiency improvement in MUE «Water Supply and Wastewater Management Production Association» for 2010–2014» is reported.
Key words
power saving , frequency converter , energy efficiency , pumping station
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UDC 628.24
Zhmakov G. N.
Designing pressure and vacuum public sewers
Summary
In Russia until recently only gravity sewers have been used for public sewers. With advent of sparsely populated territories of low-rise development the gravity sewers become unreliable and require high operational expenditures; therefore, pressure and vacuum public sewers are used with increasing frequencies. Because of the high flow rate and turbulence the threat of blockage of these pipelines is low. In vacuum sewers wastewater is aerated; therefore no corrosion occurs. Comparing to the expenditures for a free slope sewer the construction the costs saving in case of a vacuum sewer amounts up to 50%. Pressure sewer includes receiving tanks, mini sewage pumping stations, air-blowing (compressor) stations, pressure pipelines with valves and fittings. Vacuum sewer includes curtilage chambers, collecting pipelines and a vacuum station combined with a sewage pumping station. The formulas for pump capacity calculations are presented. The examples of lay out solutions are given.
Key words
treatment facilities , pumping station , sewerage system , vacuum station , air-blowing (compressor) station , suction valve , water seal
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UDC 628.32.004.69
Sapozhnikova V. A., Steblevsky V. I., Domnin K. V., Men’kov L. L., Ioakimis G. E., Doushko A. O., Bezverhnaya O. S., Kireyev G. A., Dodousov A. A.
Developing a project of the Khabarovsk city wastewater system reconstruction
Summary
The main aspects of the Khabarovsk wastewater system reconstruction project are highlighted. The project includes the following tasks: reconstruction of the Main pumping station on the supply and pressure sewers; improvement of the wastewater treatment capacity; construction of sludge composting facilities; upgrade of the digesters and biogas utilization at a power mini-plant; sludge landfill engineering; development of tertiary treatment, disinfection and oxygenation facilities; off-site utilities engineering – gas, fiber optic line, cold water supply, power lines; gas facilities engineering in the treatment facilities area.
Key words
wastewater treatment , sludge , pumping station , biogenic elements , wastewater system reconstruction
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.04.07
UDC 628.14:621.646.43
Rozhnov Evgenii
Sustainable use of free head
Summary
The linear remoteness of the water facilities in the city of Novokuznetsk reaches 40 km with a difference in elevations of 157 m. The two main water intakes of the city are located at the distance of 20 km from each other, which suggests the availability of zones with different free head. Pressure control and water distribution among the districts was traditionally carried out by throttling shutoff valves, and 119 pumping stations with pumps of 0.75–1250 kW capacity were operating in the initial water supply scheme. Based on the analysis of possible solutions to the problem, proposals were made for the installation of pressure reducing valves, an installation diagram was developed, and the operating modes of the new system were determined. The installation of regulators throughout the city was carried out in two stages. In 2016, as a result of the installation of 7 regulators, 13 booster pumping stations with a total energy consumption of more than 150 kW were phased out; at the second stage in 2017, 12 more regulators were installed and 8 more pumping stations with a total energy consumption of 40 kW were put out of operation; and 5 pumping stations were upgraded with pump replacement for lower capacity. The project payback period was 4 years.
Key words
water supply system , energy efficiency , pumping station , pressure regulator , adjustment of distribution networks
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УДК 628.356
Berezin S. E., Ovseichuk B. V., Ustiuzhanin A. V.
Air flow control in wastewater treatment
Summary
Energy consumption for the treatment and transportation of 1 m3 drinking water and wastewater in Russia is several times higher compared to the developed countries; whereas the capital investments are several times lower. This fact determines the advisability of investing into water and wastewater projects with the highest energy saving potential. This potential can be realized through the control of energy intensive units in line with diurnal and seasonal changes in water consumption and amount of wastewater removed. Up to 50% of electrical energy consumed by wastewater management is accounted for air blowers. Adjusting their operation can reduce energy consumption by 35%. Air flow control is an economically efficient measure both in the terms of energy consumption and return on investments in wastewater management. Three main methods of air supply for aeration are considered: throttling with a baffler at the suction nozzle of the air blower; adjusting the shaft speed with a variable-speed drive; adjusting the angle of the air flow attack before and after the impeller with the help of turning vanes installed inside the air blower. For comparison, e. g. in Germany, controlled air blowers are used at 390 wastewater treatment facilities in 145 cities. But in Russia from 297 cities with more than 50 thousand population they are used only at 15–20 wastewater treatment facilities. Instead, low efficient adjustment of sewage pumps in RF is used more often than in energy efficient countries. From global best practices the use of controlled air blowers instead of regular ones was paid off during 2–4 years at numerous facilities.
Key words
wastewater , aeration , pumping station , water supply-sewerage services , frequency-regulated electric drive , air blower
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UDC 628.336.31.004.69
Karmazinov F. V., Grebenskaia T. M., PANKOVA G. A., Mikhailov D. M., Lominoga O. A., Il'in Iu. A., IGNATCHIK V. S., Ignatchik S. Iu.
Upgrade of the sludge treatment facilities of the Petrodvorets wastewater treatment plant
Summary
The results of upgrading the Petrodvorets wastewater treatment plant, and the sludge treatment facilities, in particular, are presented. The upgrade provided for the following effluent parameters, mg/l: suspended solids < 5.2; BOD5 3.7; total nitrogen 5.5; total phosphorus < 0.5. The process flow scheme includes separate sludge thickening, dewatering in centrifuges, and transportation by spiral conveyor to special storage hopper with unloading devices. The system of pumping sludge out of primary settling tanks was left unchanged with the use of NN-50/25 pumps. Separately thickened raw primary sludge and excess activated sludge from secondary settling tanks are conveyed to the mixing chamber. Separately thickened sludges enter the sludge tank of the sludge treatment system. From pilot experiments Flottweg Z4E-4/454 centrifuges were selected for sludge dewatering. Improving cake dryness is provided by special design of the Z4E-4/454 centrifuge bowl and by maintaining high torque generated by the scroll. Dewatered sludge is transported to the storage tank by spiral conveyors. An outfeed assembly includes two storage hoppers equipped with outfeed bottom plates that have outfeed openings with overlapping devices installed on them, and horizontal scrolls with drives for transporting dewatered sludge into the outfeed openings. It was found that the upgrade of the sludge treatment facilities provided
for 72.5–75.2% sludge moisture at 99.7% dry solids capture rate. High level of dewatering process automation allows minimizing manual labor, cake loading into trucks for transportation to wastewater sludge incineration facilities of St. Petersburg for utilization.
Key words
wastewater , pumping station , aeration tank , sewerage treatment facilities , sludge , thickener , screw conveyor , scroll , storage hopper , outfeed device
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UDC 628.14:62-531.3.004.18 Светлой памяти Бориса Семеновича Лезнова
Nezamaev E. A., Bychkov D. A., Rodin N. V.
Improving the system of the water distribution network
operation control in Tumen
Summary
Owing to large-scale housing construction in 2004–2008 the water consumption in Tumen significantly increased. The growing loading on the water facilities resulted in intermittent insufficient pressure level at the pumping stations in separate municipal districts. These irregularities actually «shattered» the water supply system; and in case of continuing water consumption pattern they could have caused complete water deficiency and water supply collapse because of the lack of the capacity reserve already in 2009. To handle the problem the upgrade projects were urgently updated – the parameters of the pumping units and their control algorithms were revised. The key role in calculations played the studies of Boris Semenovich Leznov, a famous research worker in the field of variable speed drives for pumping units. The system of water intake control was qualitatively modified. Pressure gauges were installed at ten critical control points in the distribution network that transmitted on-line data to the Central Control Service. Upgrading pumping stations and using reliable information on the distribution network operation provided for uninterrupted water supply of the entire city. Operator’s control of the emergency situations in the water distribution network was an additional advantage of pressure monitoring. In 2011 and 2012 variable speed drives were put into pilot operation at the second-stage pumping stations of the Tumen public water supply. As a result the stable operation of the pumping equipment and energy saving were ensured; throttling was abandoned. At present the control algorithms for complete automation of the municipal water supply are being designed.
Key words
pumping station , control points in the distribution network , water supply optimization , pressure monitoring
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.02.07
UDC 628.12:621.8
Khadeev R. G.
Method of pressure control in the water supply system
Summary
A method for pressure control in the network during the operation of pumping stations of the second elevation is proposed. The device consists of an asymmetric planetary differential connected to an eddy-current slip clutch. The method provides for maintaining the maximum efficiency and economic operation of the pump in the entire regulating range. The design of the pressure regulator in the network can be estimated by comparing the calculated efficiency value that is at least 94% for the minimum flow rates whereby the regulation is very difficult. At the optimal flow rates in the system there are no tangible losses. The synchronous electric motor is most resistant to overloads; while at the minimum flow rates it provides for the required pressure consuming the minimum amount of electricity and at the same time maintaining the rated rpm. The mechanism was implemented in models and proved the claimed parameters. The presented control scheme neither has been approbated at existing facilities, nor its technical and economic parameters have been investigated, so far. It can be used in pressure control systems of a municipal water supply system, in control systems at industrial enterprises and in individual water supply systems in private houses.
Key words
pumping station , eddy-current clutch , planetary differential , torsion torque , pressure control in a network
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UDC 628.292.65.011.4
PANKOVA G. A., Il'in Iu. A., IGNATCHIK V. S., Ignatchik S. Iu., Melnik E. A., Probirsky M. D., Karmazinov F. V., Mikhailov D. M.
Technical inspection of sewage pumping stations in Saint-Petersburg
Summary
Basic results of technical inspection of the pumping stations delivering wastewater to the treatment facilities are presented. In the process of inspection the following parameters are determined: the impact of physical wear of the pumps on Н–Q, h–Q, P–Q, Wуд–Q characteristics; actual schedule of wastewater inflow; probability and parametric pump reliability factors. The operation of the «feeding sewer – sewage pumping station – pressure sewer» system is analyzed. The investment efficiency of upgrading the engineering aspect of the pumping stations with account of the safety requirements in relation to the environment, reliability and energy saving during the equipment life cycle is estimated.
Key words
wastewater , power consumption , operation expenditures , pumping station , net discounted expense , design mathematical model , reliability estimation
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UDC 628.1/.2:621.65
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.02.04
Kosteuk Aleksandr, Sokolov Sergei
Consideration of the load profile while sizing the pump
Summary
The efficiency of pumping equipment is a priority for water supply providers. The main condition for the efficient operation of pumps is the correct choice of pump parameters and methods of their control in accordance with the requirements of the system. A specific feature of water supply systems is a wide variety of operating modes both within 24 hours and projected for several years. A practical example shows the need to take into account the actual and prospective modes of operating a pumping station while selecting the sizes of pumping units. An analysis of the operating modes of pumps of different sizes and control methods is given. Specific and total energy consumption was used as a criterion for estimating the best option. This provides for the efficient and reliable operation of pumping equipment throughout the entire life cycle.
Key words
pump , energy efficiency , pumping station , import substitution , operating mode , load profile
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UDC 628.179.34
Sheleshkov K. O.
Targeted energy audit of the industrial water mains and distribution networks
Summary
In 2016 «Ostec-SMT» Company carried out a targeted energy audit of the drinking water supply networks at a wood processing plant in Siberia. The audit covered the water mains and distribution pipelines supplying water to the plant. The heart of the problem is the excess water losses (35% of the total water amount supplied by the public water supply system). The annual difference between the water amount purchased from the water services company and that supplied to the customers is 400 thousand m3. In order to locate the leaks it was decided to carry out consecutive measurements of drinking water flow from the interface of inventory responsibility, at the nodal points and at the service connections. The discovered water imbalance between the adjacent points, and leaks were determined with the use of a correlation leak detector. After the work completion the balance of the drinking water supply of the plant was compiled, the sections with losses were pointed out, and their quantitative estimate was given. The integrated study carried out by the experts of «Ostec-SMT» LLC provided for the exhaustive information on the state of the entire water supply system of the plant. The plant where the targeted energy audit of the water mains and distribution networks was carried out had implemented over the last years a number of large-scale investment projects, commissioned new and upgraded operating capacities.
Key words
water meter , water treatment station , pumping station , water flow , domestic water supply , technical audit
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УДК 628.1/.2:658.26.004.18
LEZNOV B. S., Vorobiev S. V., Iskhakov Yu. B., Tchebanov V. B., Koptev V. S.
Power audit of water and wastewater utilities
Summary
The aspects of investigating power efficiency (power audit) of the water and wastewater utilities are considered and basic guidelines on the auditing procedure are given. Power audit shall include thorough investigation of the basic water treatment and conveying technologies. Power audit shall be carried out by professional companies experienced in working at water and wastewater utilities, and applying relevant technologies. Herein it is reasonable to use a target power auditing program as well as a special power certificate that reflect technologic features that determine the utility power consumption.
Key words
adjustable electric drive , aeration , pumping station , water supply-sewerage services , power audit , air blower unit , power efficient system
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UDC 628.292.65.011.4
Ignatchik S. Iu.
Energy conservation and reliability assurance in upgrading sewage pumping stations
Summary
The main principles of reliability and energy conservation calculation method for designing the upgrade of local sewage pumping stations that are transferring wastewater to the treatment facilities are presented. When preparing a feasibility study of the project design the technology and probability indices of reliability for each element of the process part of the pumping station together with probabilistic and individual dimension reliability are determined. The option of upgrading the process part is selected with account of the environmental requirements and investment efficiency of the project.
Key words
wastewater , power saving , operation expenditures , pumping station , calculated hydraulic model , net discounted expense , reliability indices
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