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UDC 628.17.001.4
Semenov V. V., Rodionov S. N., Naslednikova A. F.
Improving the efficiency of chemical treatment
of wastewater of fat-and-oil production
Summary
Wastewater of food industry enterprises is a complex physical and chemical system. Under production line conditions the high treatment efficiency of the main wastewater stream is provided with the help of chemical treatment with further solid phase separation by dissolved-air flotation method. The treatment process flow scheme used at the plant includes collection of wastewater of different composition and chemical treatment with subsequent sedimentation carried out in a batch reactor-settling tank, is characterized by the long process time and low efficiency. For the optimization of the treatment process it was suggested to replace the equipment with a comprehensive system including chemical dosing units (coagulants, flocculants), a pH-correction unit, a flocculator with static mixers and a dissolved-air flotation unit at retaining the collection and accumulation system of wastewater of different composition. The results of implementing different process flow schemes of chemical treatment of fat-and-oil production wastewater (mayonnaise section, refining section, mustard production) are presented. Chemical treatment of wastewater coming from the mayonnaise section provides for more than 97% COD and BOD5 elimination, more than 99% of fat removal and more than 98% of suspended solids removal. Chemical treatment of wastewater coming from the refining section provides for more than 65% COD and 45% BOD5 treatment efficiency, and more than 45% suspended solids removal. The treatment efficiency of wastewater coming from mustard production is more than 60% of COD and BOD5 elimination; more than 90% of suspended solids removal and more than 99% of fat removal.
Key words
reagent treatment , suspended substances , BOD5 , COD , wastewater of fat-and-oil production , fats , dissolved-air flotator
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UDC 628.16
Gandurina L. V.
The use of VPK-402 coagulant for the removal of suspended solids of different origin and dispersiveness from water
Summary
The coagulation ability of VPK-402 organic coagulant in reducing water turbidity determined by fine mineral particles of different origin and dispersiveness is considered. Water coagulation was carried out under laboratory conditions following the pattern: mixing-flocculation-sedimentation. The concentration of suspended solids in water was determined from turbidity; dispersivenes – from particle hydraulic size U0. The studies were carried out with modeling water with turbidity less than 115 mg/l containing mainly fine-dispersed suspension of bentonite clays, kaolin, quartz, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide with less than 0.2 mm/s hydraulic size. It was found that the hydraulic size of clay suspensions was determined by their swelling capacity in water; whereas for quartz, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide suspension – by the particle size distribution of the original minerals. The optimal dosage of VPK-402 for clay mineral coagulation does not depend on their dispersive characteristics and equals to 0.5 mg/l, i. e. 5–10 times higher than the coagulant dosages for modeling waters with finely dispersed particles of quartz, titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate. The efficiency of water clarification lowers with the increase of the percentage of particles with less than 0.05 mm/s hydraulic size irrespective of their origin. The results of the Kuban River water purification validated the obtained regularities. The efficiency of using VPK-402 organic coagulant for reducing water turbidity depending on the origin and dispersiveness (hydraulic size) of suspended solids represented by bentonite clay, kaolin, quartz, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide particles is considered. The obtained results can be used in practice for optimization of water coagulation to remove suspended solids.
Key words
turbidity , suspended substances , chromaticity , coagulation , hydraulic size , natural water , organic coagulant , polyelectrolyte
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UDC 628.113:624.131.41
Fomina V. F.
Water Humus Composition of the Vychegda River at Water Intake Site of the City of Syktyvkar
Summary
The Vychegda river is the main source of water supply for Syktyvkar. The water is characterized by low turbidity and high color, it contains ferrum and has low alkalinity and mineralization. During the autumn-winter period the water delivered to treatment facilities has a temperature of below 1 ºC. The swampiness of the river basin has an essential influence on water humus forming. The composition of humic substances adding the color to water is studied. It is defined, that fulvic acids compose the substantial part of humic substances. Color indices values for the main fractions of humic substances are defined. The influence of a seasonal composition and properties of humic substances and temperature conditions on water coagulation is proved.
Key words
suspended substances , chromaticity , flotation , humus , coagulant , filtration , river water
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UDC 628.168.3:662.997
AHMEDOV G. Ya.
Stabilization Treatment of Geothermal Water
Summary
Stabilization treatment of geothermal water with the help of degasification and with the use of a crystalline initiator are considered. The experience of operation of geothermal equipment in the case of disturbance of carbonate-calcium equilibrium in water is presented. Degasification of geothermal water treated preliminary for carbon dioxide up to the equilibrium value makes it possible to speed up crystallization of calcium carbonate in the contact medium. It is proved that the more is the drop of pressure in a crystallizer the more is the concentration of a suspension being generated. The speed of separation of the solid phase of calcium carbonate from the geothermal water solution is proportional to the component of the pressure drop in the crystallizer from equilibrium to the final value.
Key words:
suspended substances , geothermal water , salt precipitation , calcium carbonate , degasification , softening
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.04.06
UDC 628.212.2/.316
Grekov Mikhail, Elagin Sergei, Kozinets Galina, Chechevichkin Viktor, Leonov L. V., Klokov Aleksandr, Chechevichkin A. V., Iakunin L. A.
Test operation of a two-stage plant based on FOPS® filters
for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff
Summary
Moto transport has been the main source of pollution of surface runoff in large cities; therefore, runoff from roads and car parking spaces must be subjected to enhanced treatment including several stages. As part of solving this problem, works were carried out to estimate the operation of a two-stage plant (based on sequentially operating FOPS®-S and FOPS®-MU filters) in the process of surface runoff treatment from the car parking spaces during various seasonal changes. As a result of test experiments, it was found that for 21 months the plant provided for 98–99% efficiency of removing suspended solids and 94–97% efficiency of removing oil products from the surface runoff. After three years operation including winter periods with below-zero temperatures to less than –20°C, the plant provided for the required treatment level according to the monitored parameters. Occasionally, the FOPS®-S filter was cleaned – removing suspended solids and oil products.
Key words
cleansing , suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , FOPS filter , car parking
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.02.04
UDC 628.212.2/.316
Leonov L. V., Grekov Mikhail, Chechevichkin A. V., Iakunin L. A., Elagin Sergei, Kozinets Galina
Test operation of a FOPS®-S filter separator in the process
of surface runoff purification from the car parking area
Summary
Surface runoff from large metropolitan areas is heavily polluted. Car parking areas are of overriding concern in pollution since the surface runoff generated on them contains high concentrations of oil products and suspended solids. The aim of the project was multi-season test operation of a FOPS®-S filter-separator for the purification of the surface runoff disposed into the sewer system from the parking area. In the course of observations, it was found that over 21 months of testing, the FOPS®-S filter provided for removing
82–99% suspended solids and 55–76% of oil products from heavily contaminated surface runoff (at their maximum concentration in the surface runoff 3000 and 10.5 mg/dm3, respectively). No decrease in the treatment efficiency was observed for 21 months, including the periods of negative temperatures (two seasons). During the tests the hydraulic discharge of the trapped pollutants from the FOPS®-S filter was carried out twice: suspended solids (~ 130 kg) and oil products (~ 2.1 dm3).
10,5 мг/дм3 соответственно). Снижения эффективности очистки в течение 21 месяца не наблюдалось, в том числе в периоды отрицательных температур (два сезона). За время испытаний из фильтра ФОПС®-С дважды производилась гидровыгрузка задержанных загрязнений: взвешенных веществ (~ 130 кг) и нефтепродуктов (~ 2,1 дм3).
Key words
cleansing , suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , FOPS filter , filtering cartridge , car parking
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UDC 628.161.3
Zhurba M. G., Govorova Zh. M., Petrov Iu. V., Govorov O. B.
The technology of water purification from the source in conditions of high anthropogenous impact (substantiation, design, introduction)
Summary
The concept of «efficient water purification» is suggested, the selection criteria are set out. Process flow diagram of water abstraction and purification facilities has been designed including: primary water purification with removal of suspended solids and phytoplankton in prefilters with floating media; chemical water treatment in the process of clarification in lamella plate clarifiers and filtration in two-stage filters with inert and heavy media with regular addition of fine-granulated sorbent between the stages; combined water disinfection with the use of weak sodium hypochlorite solution and uv-radiation. The results of pre-design testing the technology of the Don River (the Bol’shaia Kalancha river arm in conditions of high anthropogenous impact) water purification at the test bench are presented. Chemical free water filtration in prefilter media provides for reducing phytoplankton loading approximately by 26–38% and suspended solids loading by 10–35% at the basic facilities at less than 50 m/h filtration rate. Uniform and efficient mixing and floc formation are provided within 0.5–1.5 and 10–15 minutes, relatively, at the speed of the mixer blade rotation of 185 and 60 rpm and recommended coagulant dosage of 2.5 mg/l (10 mg/l in case of sharp deterioration of the water quality). The operation of a nanofiltration plant during the period of water quality deterioration ensured reducing hardness, total dissolved solids, sulfate and chloride concentrations. The basic process parameters of separate units of the process flow scheme that provide for reliable compliance with the standard water purification degree are defined. Based on the study results the recommendations on designing were developed and the water abstraction and purification facilities with a capacity of 150,000 m3/day were designed. At present the facilities are under construction.
Key words
reagent treatment , suspended substances , phytoplankton , natural water , filtration , anthropogenous impact , efficient water purification technology , water abstraction and purification facilities , pre-design testing
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UDC 628.35 (211)
Kounakhovich A. A.
Domestic wastewater advanced treatment unit for the use in the settlements of the northern climatic region
Summary
The experts from «Engineering Equipment Trading House» developed and mastered manufacturing of the treatment facilities for domestic wastewater and industrial wastes close by composition to domestic wastewater for the camps in the northern construction climatic region. Tver-C units for advanced treatment of domestic wastewater provide for the comprehensive solution to ensure efficient operation of the treatment facilities in rigorous climate northern areas.
Key words
disinfection , suspended substances , aeration , nitrification , wastewater treatment , phosphates , nitrites , nitrates , chlorides , microflora , denitrifier
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.01.09
UDC 628. 32:628.221
Tsyba A. A., Skolubovich Iurii, Pupyrev E. I., Ponomarenko A. M., Volkov Dmitrii
Environmentally friendly technology for the treatment of surface runoff from industrial sites
Summary
The issues related to the collection and treatment of surface runoff from the territories of industrial enterprises are stated. The analysis of the technologies for surface runoff treatment showed that the applied process flow schemes, generally, did not produce the required effect and were uneconomical. In addition, the technologies and equipment often do not provide for the utilization of wash water and sludge generated during the treatment of surface runoff. As a result, raw surface runoff containing suspended solids, oil products and other pollutants enters water bodies and produces a negative impact on the ecosystem of water bodies, public health and safety. In this regard, improving the technologies of surface runoff treatment to achieve high efficiency at minimal costs is a most urgent task. The characteristics of the composition of surface runoff from industrial sites are given through the example of a CPP facility in Novosibirsk. Surface runoff treatment methods are considered. The way of improving the technologies of surface runoff treatment with the use of structurally new treatment facilities, increasing the efficiency of chemical treatment and utilization of sludge is determined.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , surface runoff sludge , wash water , discharge into a water body
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UDC 628.33:551.577.21
IVKIN P. A., MENSHUTIN Yu. A., Sokolova E. V., Fomicheva E. V., Kedrov Yu. V.
The efficiency of storm water treatment facilities of continuous flow type
Summary
The analysis of technical parameters and process efficiency of some modifications of continuous flow storm water treatment facilities manufactured by international and Russian vendors that have been widely used nowadays for storm and melt water treatment is presented. Continuous flow installations operate as part of a gravity storm water collection system without any accumulating tank under highly irregular hydraulic load conditions. On the basis of process calculations made according to the effective in RF design rules and norms as well as on the basis of the practical data analysis a number of essential process and design faults are revealed that account for low sanitary and environmental efficiency and high operating vulnerability of such installations during surface runoff treatment.
Key words
settling , filtration , suspended substances , oil products , sorption , surface runoff treatment , continuous flow installation , coalescence
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