DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.03.05
UDC 628.355

Kevbrina M. V., Gavrilov Dmitrii, Belov N. A., Agarev Anton

The effect of the operation of secondary settling tanks on the efficiency of biological removal of nitrogen through the example of Kuryanovskie wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

«Mosvodokanal» JSC conducted an industrial-scale experiment with the secondary settling tanks of the new section of the Kuryanovskie wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow in order to determine the effect of the operation of settling tanks on the efficiency of biological removal of nitrites. With an increase in the level of sludge stand in the secondary settling tanks, conditions arise in the sludge layer at the bottom of the settler for the anaerobic processes that cause the lysis of activated sludge cells. Under these conditions, a sufficient amount of organic matter is generated in the sludge layer, both residual, occluded on sludge flocks, and formed during the lysis of part of the cells, so that in the presence of nitrates, the process of incomplete denitrification starts with the formation of nitrites. The occurrence of anaerobic processes in the bottom sludge layer in the secondary settling tanks is also affected by the oxygen concentration in the mixed liquor entering the secondary settling tanks. The process parameters of the operation of the facilities that prevent a decrease in the quality of effluent are determined: regulating the operation of secondary settling tanks depending on the load and residence time of the sludge dry matter that prevents the sludge from long staying in the bottom layer, as well as maintaining a high oxygen concentration at the end part of the aeration tanks.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , sludge disposal truck , secondary settling tank , activated sludge , nitrite nitrogen

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UDC 628.31.085

KOZLOV M. N., Isakov V. G., Kevbrina M. V., Gavrilin A. M., Shashkina P. S.

The effect of ultraviolet disinfection of the Kur’ianovskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities’ effluent on the Moskva River biocenosis

Summary

Ultraviolet irradiation of urban wastewater is nowadays one of the safest and cost effective disinfection technologies. Ult­raviolet disinfection is a most efficient from the environmental point of view: no toxic by-products are formed in contrast to the traditional chlorination. Currently the biggest UV disinfection facilities have been operated in «Mosvodokanal» JSC: in September 2006 UV disinfection facilities with a capacity of 1 million m3/day were put into operation at the Liuberetskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities, and in December 2012 UV disinfection facilities with a capacity of 3 millions m3/day were put into operation at the Kur’ianovskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities. The results of analyzing phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteriological communities in the receiving waters of the Kur’ianovskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities – the Moskva River before and after putting into operation the facilities for secondary effluent disinfection are presented in the paper. The comparison of biological characteristics of the water body with the river headwaters was carried out. Putting into operation the UV irradiation facilities provided for reducing bacteriological and virological water contamination. No changes in the plankton community structure were found. The river biocenosis keeps functioning inalterably. The use of UV disinfection technology ensures the epidemiological safety of the urban and rural population downstream the Moskva River.

Key words

wastewater , receiving water body , UV disinfection , biocenosis , bacteriological contamination , virological contamination , epidemiological contamination

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.03.05
UDC 628.355:62-278

Lominoga O. A., Kuz’min Valentin, Koloskova Evgeniia

Introduction of membrane technologies at the wastewater treatment facilities of Molodezhnoe settlement

Summary

The experience of introducing membrane wastewater treatment technology at the wastewater treatment facilities in Molodezhnoe settlement (St. Petersburg) is presented. The treatment facilities include: a main pumping station, a combined mechanical wastewater treatment plant, a wastewater regulator, a bioreactor (aeration tank operating using nitri-denitrification technology) for enhanced nitrogen removal, a membrane bioreactor, an ultraviolet effluent disinfection unit, a screw press for excess activated sludge dewatering, aluminum sulfate dosing unit for the chemical removal of phosphorus compounds (phosphates). The effluent after disinfection is discharged through a deep-water outlet into the Gulf of Finland. Membrane filtration provides for the enhanced tertiary treatment to remove fine suspended solids and colloidal particles. To achieve a stable quality of the effluent during the operation of membrane modules, the following requirements shall be strictly met: the high efficiency of screenings removal; prevention of the ingress of foreign particles into the bioreactor after mechanical treatment; high concentration of sludge in the aeration tank and membrane unit; timely chemical washing of the membranes. During the trial operation of the treatment facilities in Molodezhnoe, the irregular hydraulic and pollution loading was noted. During the operation period the operating modes of the facilities were adjusted with account of the irregular characteristics of the incoming flow while achieving the design parameters of the process line of wastewater treatment.

Key words

wastewater , advanced biological treatment , transmembrane pressure , membrane module , membrane technology , hydraulic loading

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UDC 504.064:628.356

Rublevskaya O. N., Probirsky M. D., Leonov L. V.

Implementation of the technologic solutions focused on the prevention of water body eutrophication (best practices of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»)

Summary

SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» has been the biggest water user in the Baltic Sea coastal zone; therefore the enterprise is obliged to meet the regulations of effluent discharge into the water bodies. The qualitative composition of the discharged effluents is regulated not only by the Russian standards but also by the international recommendations including the Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea. Russia endorsed the Convention in 1998. Since that moment Saint-Petersburg and Vodokanal have been aiming at reducing raw wastewater discharges into the Baltic Sea and meeting the regulations of the effluent quality. The best practices of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» implementing the technology of nutrients removal with the purpose of preventing water body eutrophication are presented. The international experience was studied; the laboratory and full-scale tests of different technologies of enhanced phosphorus and nitrogen removal were conducted. Kreal technology and its limitations revealed in the process of operation are described alongside with the process schemes designed by the University of Cape Town (UCT-Process) and Johannesburg University (JHB-Process) and implemented with the purpose of improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In order to provide for the stable phosphorus concentration in the effluent according to the regulations chemical removal of phosphorus was introduced. Starting from 2011 Saint-Petersburg has been fully meeting the HELCOM recommendations.

Key words

treatment facilities , wastewater , aluminium sulphate , total phosphorus , total nitrogen , eutrophication , ferrous sulphate

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UDC 628.166.085

Kostyuchenko S. V., SMIRNOV A. D., Pokhil Yu. N., Bagaev Iurii

Introduction of UV-disinfection at the Novosibirsk wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

Water recycling in the modern municipal services is a comprehensive task. On one hand the city inhabitants should be supplied with high-quality drinking water meeting all the sanitary and hygienic requirements; on the other hand the discharged municipal effluents shall not produce any adverse effect on the environment. To fulfil these tasks the most advanced disinfection technologies that ensured meeting all the microbiological requirements to the drinking water and effluents were introduced at the Novosibirsk water and wastewater treatment facilities. The use of ultraviolet irradiation provided for the efficient multi-barrier protection in drinking water purification and environmentally safe disinfection of wastewater.

Key words

chlorination , disinfection , wastewater , water supply , water disposal , ultraviolet irradiation

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UDC 628.1/.2(98)

Kofman V. Ya.

Water supply and wastewater disposal in the Arctic Region:
advanced technical soltions (a review)

Summary

In Canada wastewater treatment technology has been developed for small isolated arctic communities based on the effective biodegradation of organic carbon using a combination of anaerobic methanogenic and microbial bioelectrochemical processes that provide for biomethane generation. Microbial electrochemical degradation is executed in a membrane-free flow-type reactor with a bioanode and a biocathode operating at a voltage below the threshold of water electrolysis. In laboratory-based experiments in a wide range of mesophilic and psychrophilic temperatures (5–23 °C) a high efficiency of reducing BOD₅ (90–97%) was achieved with a residual content of less than 7 mg/l. Energy consumption is 0.6 kWh/kg COD. Low energy consumption along with the production of biomethane ensures the operation of the reactor in the mode of power generation. For the conditions of Greenland a scheme of wastewater disinfection involving chemical coagulation and addition of peracetic acid, and/or ultraviolet irradiation was developed. Complete inactivation of Escherichia coli is achieved with the combined use of ultraviolet radiation (2.1 kWh/m³) and peracetic acid. Preliminary coagulation is an essential prerequisite for the effective inactivation of microorganisms. In the United States a closed water treatment scheme based on the peroxone process with reuse of water for drinking purposes has been proposed for the city of Fairbanks (Alaska). The big advantage of the closed-loop scheme is 85% conservation of the water in the system while preserving the thermal energy obtained from different water heaters. As a result the purified warm water is returned to the consumer; while less energy is required for its additional heating. In addition, the mineralization of organic substances in the oxidation process ensures the achievement of 0.7 mg/l residual COD.

Key words

wastewater , water disinfection , water treatment , ultraviolet irradiation , water reuse , the Arctic Region , preliminary coagulation , peracetic acid , peroxone process , heat energy of water , anaerobic methanogenic process , microbial electrochemical process

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UDC 628.166.085

Vasiliak L. M., SMIRNOV A. D.

Potential use of ultrasound in water disinfection

Summary

Ultrasound has been used long enough in engineering and medicine for diagnostics, visualization of underwater objects, surface cleaning and other systems. Using ultrasonic disinfection as a main or additional technology is impractical because of the long exposure time, high energy consumption and lack of regulatory documents. To improve the efficiency of disinfection equipment the manufacturers suggest additional ultrasonic water treatment in combination with oxidi­zers and UV irradiation. The data on possible use of ultrasonics both as an additional disinfection method and method of improving the efficiency of traditional technology from the point of view of the concept of establishing numerous barriers during disinfection is presented. Different types of ultrasonic effect for using in water disinfection systems are considered. Ultrasound provides for the extremely low disinfection efficiency compared to other traditional technologies, therefore it is not used as an independent method. Ultrasonic water treatment improves the efficiency of oxidation technologies. Combined action of ultrasonics and UV irradiation does not have any synergistic effect. For natural water and effluent after treatment according to the operating standards the standard UV dosages are sufficient to ensure meeting the mic­robiological standards. Additional ultrasonic treatment is advisable under special conditions. Quartz sleeves can be well cleaned with mechanical systems and chemical wash which is used by all the world leading manufacturers. Due to the particular hazard of ultrasonic contact impact on humans the process of ultrasonic treatment shall completely eliminate such potential effect.

Key words

disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , natural water , water treatment , ultrasound , chlorination agent

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UDC 628.356.5

Kevbrina M. V., KOZLOV M. N., Dorofeev A. G.

Secondary settlers: comparison of the calculation methods in designing and analysis of the parameters of efficient operation of the facilities

Summary

The results of the comparison of methods of calculating secondary settlers through the example of a model wastewater treatment plant (domestic method according to SNiP 2.04.03-85, German method according to Germany Standard ATV-DVWK-A131E, American method based on mass flow theory) are presented. It is shown that the surface area of settlers calculated according to Standard ATV has higher values compared to the calculations according to SNiP 2.04.03-85 and American method. The values of the surface area of settling tanks calculated according to SNiP 2.04.03-85 and American method are very close. At the same time the SNiP method is much simpler and requires much less initial parameters than the American method. For the domestic practice of operating secondary settlers it is proposed to introduce a new parameter – «dry matter loading on the settler surface» taken from the mass flow theory. This indicator indicates how much dry matter of the mixed liquor from aeration tanks enters per unit surface of secondary settlers per hour and corresponds to the incoming mass flow. By varying the dry matter loading on the surface of secondary settlers it is possible to provide for the standard suspended solids concentration in effluent. Through the example of the operating 54 m diameter settlers the dependence of the clarification efficiency on this parameter is shown.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , sludge index , secondary settling tank , activated sludge , calculation method

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UDC 628.334.1

Streltsov S. A., Kuriatnikov E. A.

High performance design of trash screens for wastewater treatment

Summary

The reliable operation of the treatment facilities of the municipal wastewater disposal system depends significantly on the efficiency and robustness of the trash screens installed in the head of the process flow at the treatment facilities. In addition trash screens not only protect the equipment from blockages but also prevent suspended solids from polluting natural water bodies receiving effluents. In order to improve the efficiency of trash capture the use of RS screen is recommended. It is highly resistant to mechanical damage caused by large-size impurities in wastewater which results in the reduction of the failure rate and the amount of repair works. The screen design includes a device for additional rake cleaning during the reverse movement to completely eliminate any risk of the rakes being wrapped with filamentary inclusions during the operation. An original mechanism of driving chain tensioning provides for eliminating rake jerking and skewing. The design ensures screen self-sealing in the process of installation into the channel to eliminate unscreened water breakthrough between the frame and channel walls. For the period of RS screens operation the following results were noted: full absence of filter cloth clogging; 3–4 fold screen output increase compared to the previously operated models; reduction of bottom sediments in the channel before the screens; high reliability in case of peak discharge of filamentary inclusions; reduction of energy consumption.

Key words

treatment facilities , wastewater , mechanical treatment , water treatment equipment , trash screen

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.11.06
UDC 628.35

Kofman V. Ya., Vishnevskii Mikhail, Baurina Aleksandra

Fungal cultures for the biodegradation of organic micropollutants in wastewater (a review)

Summary

Currently, the methods for removing organic micro-pollutions present in agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater have been actively developed. The characteristic properties of these substances are chemical stability and potential toxicity. Organic micropollutants are believed to have a negative impact on the environment and human health, even in trace concentrations. Substances of this kind include pharmaceutically active substances, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, industrial chemicals, etc. The traditional biological process based on bacterial cultures does not provide for the efficient biodegradation of these substances at the wastewater treatment facilities. Biodegradation using fungi that cause white rot of wood, represented mainly by basidiomycetes, including Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Irpex lacteus, is considered a relatively new, however, very promising method for removing organic micro-pollutants. In the environment, these fungi effectively destroy lignin to release the more easily metabolized carbohydrates – hemicellulose and cellulose. This process involves extracellular ligninolytic enzymes, organic acids, mediators and auxiliary enzymes. A distinctive feature of the enzymatic mechanism is its non-specificity, due to the action through the formation of free radicals. Owing to this property, fungal extracellular enzymes are able to transform a wide range of organic molecules including pollutants present in wastewater. Numerous studies have shown good results in the biodegradation of organic micropollutants, including on real wastewater, in a continuous mode and a wide range of operating conditions in the presence of autochthonous microorganisms.

Key words

wastewater , pharmaceuticals , biodegradation , fungi that cause white rot of wood , pesticides , endocrine disruptors

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UDC 504.06

PANKOVA G. A., Rublevskaya O. N., Leonov L. V.

SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»’s activities in the field  of mitigating the negative environmental impact

Summary

The results of the SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»’s activities on eliminating raw sewage discharges into the city water bodies are presented. The use of advanced technologies that provided for reducing nutrients discharge with effluents of the wastewater treatment facilities is described, as well as the solution of the problem of wastewater sludge handling and utilization by introducing incineration technology that provided for abandoning sludge storing at special municipal landfills. The new and upcoming trends of the SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»’s activities on mitigating the negative environmental impact: storm water volume metering and treatment; snow utilization; tackling the problem of hazardous pollutants, micro plastics and pharmaceuticals in particular, are laid. With the purpose of further reduction of pollutant discharges into the receiving water bodies (with raw sewage) the developed «St. Petersburg water supply and wastewater disposal development Scheme till 2025 inclusive of the 2030 prospects» envisages complete elimination of raw combined and domestic wastewater discharges into receiving water bodies before 2022; elimination after 2030 of discharge of 50% of surface runoff without treatment into the separate municipal storm sewer (at present only 2% of surface runoff passes treatment). The Scheme includes a comprehensive information database on the water supply and wastewater disposal systems as well as the urban planning documents and schemes prepared for other directions of engineering and energy complex of St. Petersburg.

Key words

wastewater , hazardous substances , surface runoff , biogenic elements , sludge incineration , wastewater sludges

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.05.03
UDC 628.316.12

Strelkov A. K., Stepanov S. V., Panfilova O. N., Arbuzov Aleksandr

Removing heavy metals from effluents with natural and modified clay-containing sorbents

Summary

The results of studies of the sorption of heavy metal ions by clay-containing sorbents from plating effluents are presented. The purpose of the tests carried out in a pilot plant was developing a process scheme for the removal of heavy metal ions from effluents and extraction of the spent sorbent in a precoat cartridge filter with a layer of perlite. The materials used in the tests were as follows: thermally modified sorbent based on natural material, i. e., modified clay, as well as mixed sorbent consisting of montmorillonite, peat and dolomite in a ratio of 5:4:1 without heat treatment. The studies were carried out on eight ions of heavy metals in the low concentration range typical for the effluent coming for tertiary treatment after sedimentation with pH adjustment. The main process parameters of tertiary treatment were: pH 8; the duration of the sorbent contact with the effluent was 90 min, the dose of sorbents was 1–1.6 g/l. The separation of the spent sorbent from the effluent was executed in two stages – sedimentation and filtration in a precoat cartridge filter. The addition of Aqua-AuratTM-30 coagulant with a dose of 40 mg/l as Al₂O₃ provided for reducing the concentration of suspended solids in the clarified effluent supplied to the precoat filters to 8 mg/l for modified clay and 15 mg/l for the mixed sorbent. The specific productivity of the alluvial layer was 23 m³/(h·m²), the specific load of the suspension on the filter surface was 850 g/m² for modified clay, and 680 g/m² for mixed sorbent. The estimated duration of the filtration phase of the alluvial layer while using preliminary chemical sedimentation was 4.6 and 2 h for the modified clay and mixed sorbent, respectively. The efficiency of removing heavy metal ions from effluents was provided at the level of the maximum permissible concentration for fishery water bodies.

Key words

wastewater , sorption , heavy metals , modified clay , dolomite , montmorillonite , peat , precoat filter

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UDC 628.292:628.214

European experience in upgrading sewers

Summary

About 15 years ago a project of upgrading the sewer system of the Usedom Island (Germany) was launched. Since the island is a health resort the incoming wastewater in sewers has been characterized by seasonal variations: in summer the amount of wastewater increases approximately twice, whereas in winter the amount of wastewater is low; however of more aggressive quality. From economic conside­rations pressure sewers were chosen. The optimum pressure in the sewers even during high season is maintained by Wilo pumping units. Reliable and continuous operation of the pumps is provided by the use of Wilo – EMUport solid particle separation system.

Key words

wastewater , sewerage pumping station , pressure sewer , solid particle separation system

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UDC 628.35:316.12

Kofman V. Ya.

Extraction of nitrogen and phosphorus in the form of struvite  from wastewater with high nutrients concentration

Summary

The world reserves of phosphate ore total about 7000 mln tons among them 40 mln tons are used annually in fertilizer production. It is estimated that this resource will be depleted by 2090. In this connection exploring alternative renewable phosphorus sources is a critical task; therefore much attention is paid to developing economical and technically available methods of phosphorus extraction together with nitrogen from different wastewater types; one of the methods being nutrients precipitation  in the form of struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O). Studies of struvite production from wastewater and its use as a fertilizer have been carried out in many countries of the world. Process schemes of struvite extraction from municipal wastewater, steel making and tanning wastes, coking process effluents, solid waste landfill filtrate, livestock and dairy farm wastewater as well as from black wastewater in the process of its decentra­lized processing have been developed. Studying the use of struvite as a fertilizer has been carried out almost 20 years already. Generally the prospects of investing in the production of this product for the agricultural sector are not disputed. The practice of production and supply of struvite as a fertilizer has been fairly developed in Japan. The application of struvite does not result in the increase of heavy metal concentration in farm crops. Fast dissolving fertilizers are not efficient when used on pastures or in forests where fertilization is practiced every few years. In this context the use of slowly dissolving fertilizers including struvite is more reasonable.

Key words

wastewater , nitrogen , phosphorous , struvite , filtrate of solid waste landfills , phosphatic fertilizers

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UDC 628.316.12

SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M., Smirnova I. I., Domnin K. V., Arkhipova Elena

Extraction of heavy metal ions from municipal effluent after biological treatment

Summary

The results of investigating the extraction of heavy metal ions from the municipal effluent after biological treatment with the use zeolites (clinoptilolite and Glint granulated sorbent) are presented. The zeolite sorption capacity under static and dynamic conditions was investigated. It was shown that only the use of clinoptilolite provided for the elimination of heavy metals to meet the standards for fishery water bodies. A procedure of designing filters with clinoptilolite for the removal of metals from municipal effluent after biological treatment was developed.

Key words

wastewater , sorption , sorption capacity , filtration , heavy metals , zeolites , clinoptilolite

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.01.03
UDC 628.355

Zalyotova N. A., Zalyotov S. V.

The study of the response of dehydrogenase activity
of sludge to a change in the process parameters of an aeration tank

Summary

The biological method of wastewater treatment is a comprehensive multicomponent process; the activities of the enzyme system being the key component of it. It is known that dehydrogenases have been one of the most important enzymes the ensure the biological process. The complicated mechanism of the action of enzymes has not been fully described so far; however, in the practice of monitoring biological treatment processes, an indicator of the dehydrogenase activity of sludge is used. The research results provided for supplementing the available information with actual data on the interdependence of the level of dehydrogenase activity of sludge and indicators of individual process parameters of biological treatment. It was shown that the mode of operation of aeration tanks (organic matter load on sludge, dose of activated sludge, etc.) and the values of the initial dehydrogenase activity and dehydrogenase activity of the same sludge sample with weakly concentrated solution (DASН2О) are interconnected and depend on the organic load on sludge. The results of the study can be used to control the biological process of wastewater treatment.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , aeration tank , activated sludge , active sludge dosage , dehydrogenase activity , organic matter load on sludge

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UDC 628.35:661.5

Nikolaev Yu. A., KOZLOV M. N., Gavrilin A. M., Kevbrina M. V., Pimenov N. V., Dorofeev A. G., Agarev Anton, Kallistova A. Iu.

Innovative energy efficient and resource-saving technology of removing ammonium from wastewater under anaerobic-anoxic conditions

Summary

The specialists of «Mosvodokanal» JSC have developed the technologies of ammonium oxidation under anoxic conditions: double-reactor for low temperatures and single-reactor for 30–37 °С. The technology for the operation at 10–25 °С is performed by bacteria (discovered in «Mosvodokanal» JSC) Сandidatus Аnammoxomicrobium moscowii, fixed to the bed. The rate of nitrogen removal is 50 g/(m³·day) of the reactor. The technology for warm wastewater treatment is performed by new bacteria Сandidatus Jettenia moscovie­nalis, fixed to the bed; the rate of nitrogen removal is 0.47 kg/(m³·day). The use of continuous flow and fixed feed increases the output of the reactor to 0.8 kg/(m³·day). Considering the high economic attractiveness and efficiency of the technology it could be expected that in the very near future the technology will become a frequent practice in wastewater treatment. For the development of the industrial-scale technology a grant was awarded within the frames of the Federal special-purpose program «Research and development for the priority orientations of the development of the scientific and technology sector in Russia for 2014–2020». The work is carried out in cooperation with Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Vinogradskii Institute of Microbiology business unit. A pilot plant with a 20 m3 reactor has been assembled, commissioned and operated at the Liuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow of a treatment capacity of 20 m³/day of dewatering centrifuges filtrate.

Key words

sedimentation tank , wastewater , surplus active silt , sludge , Anammox , ammonium oxidation

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UDC 628.35:544.723

Nikolaeva L. A., Iskhakova R. I.

Enhancement of biological treatment of petrochemical industry wastewater

Summary

Possible utilization of water conditioning wastes of thermal power plants – carbonaceous sludge – for the enhancement of biological treatment of petrochemical industry wastewater is considered. The sorption capacity of carbonaceous sludge in relation to organic and inorganic admixtures in wastewater – phenols and ammonia nitrogen in standardized test solutions was determined. The results of experimental studies of wastewater of «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» PJSC showed that dosing of 600 mg/dm³ of carbonaceous sludge into aeration tanks provided for improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment in relation to COD by 36%; BOD5 by 15% ammonia nitrogen by 28% owing to the sorption component. Under contact conditions the kinetic dependencies of COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen reduction were obtained. With biotesting method it was stated that aqueous extract of carbonaceous sludge did not produce any adverse toxic effect on fish (guppies) and crustaceans (daphnia). The potential of using carbonaceous sludge of water conditioning at the thermal power plants for the enhancement of wastewater biological treatment processes is shown.

Key words

wastewater , ammonia nitrogen , phenol , carbonate sludge , adsorption-biological treatment , sorption capacity

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UDC 628.32

Shtonda Yu. I., Zubko A. L.

Intensification of Wastewater Treatment at Small Treatment Facilities of the Crimea

Summary

The problem of treatment of polluted and insufficiently treated wastewater of small objects and settlements of the Crimea is elucidated. Data on intensification of operation of small sewerage treatment facilities of the settlement of Kanaka (Alushta District) are presented. To increase the output of small sewerage treatment facilities and efficiency of wastewater treatment the flowcharts with the replacement of physically depreciated and morally obsolete equipment are offered. Reasonability of the use of mechanized grilles and aeration systems with aerators АПКВ-120 manufactured by the scientific and production firm Ekoton is considered. The successful experience of reconstruction of sewerage treatment facilities with increase of their output and improvement of efficiency of wastewater treatment as well as construction of the new facilities using power saving technologies for small objects and settlements have allowed the SPF Ekoton to realize a number of projects at the territory of the Crimea.

Key words

wastewater , intensification , sewerage treatment facilities , medium-bubbly pneumatic aeration , blowers , blowers

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UDC 628.35:661.63

Rouzhitskaya O. A., Gogina Elena, Salomeyev V. P.

Using reinforced medium for the enhancement of phosphate and organics removal from wastewater

Summary

The results of investigating advanced phosphate removal from domestic wastewater are presented. The method of advanced wastewater treatment with the use of reinforced medium is suggested. The highest phosphate removal efficiency is achieved with the help of the technology without activated sludge recycling. The enhancing effect of reinforced medium on biological removal of organics is shown. The activity coefficients of the biological process with the use of reinforced medium are determined.

Key words

wastewater , bioreactor , sludge index , biogenic elements , active sludge dosage , dissolved iron , reinforced medium