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UDC 628.336.4
Smirnov Aleksandr Vladimirovich, Zinchenko D. B., Badulin R. V.
Typical engineering solutions of a wastewater sludge
mechanical dewatering plant
Summary
An illustration of a comprehensive typical solution is presented for the construction of a wastewater sludge mechanical dewatering plant based on filter press use for wastewater treatment facilities. Choosing the method of wastewater sludge treatment has been a complicated engineering task that demands special research and experiments at simulated or operating wastewater treatment facilities. Herewith the sludge dewatering properties, dewatering equipment type and cost, as well as the technology of the subsequent sludge handling with account of sludge utilization shall be taken into consideration and specified. The advantages of new construction compared to the upgrade of the existing buildings, networks, equipment are shown. Two of the typical projects are presented – with the use of two and three filter presses. The developed engineering solutions provide for the shortened timescales of project design and cost. The typical projects have been executed with the use of advanced 3D-designing tools that provide for the visualization of the building, equipment and utility systems already at the design stage of the future wastewater sludge mechanical dewatering plant.
Key words
wastewater , centrifuge , filter-press , sewerage treatment facilities , sludge mechanical dewatering , typical project
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UDC 628.35:661.5
Gogina Elena, Gul’shin I. A.
Nitrogen removal in a circulation oxidation ditch model
under the conditions of lowered concentration of organics in wastewater
Summary
The summarized results of the third stage of an integrated study of energy efficient processes of wastewater treatment in circulation oxidation ditches are presented. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory model of a circulation oxidation ditch with horizontal directional flow of mixed liquor. The impact of low concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bioreactor volume (at 0.5 mg/l level) and low concentration of organic pollutants in the incoming model wastewater on the treatment efficiency and biomass stability was studied. The highest efficiency of total nitrogen removal was reached at the specific organics load on activated sludge (BOD) R = 0.07 g/(g∙day), average dissolved oxygen concentration 0.5 mg/l and 7.5 hours aeration time. At that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the effluent was about 0.6 mg/l; the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was 9.6 mg/l. The operation of the bioreactor at lowered dissolved oxygen concentrations resulted in partial biomass bulking. The sedimentation properties of activated sludge changed; however stayed at satisfactory level.
Key words
wastewater , nitrification , energy efficiency , activated sludge , denitrification , circulation oxidation ditch , biological removal of nitrogen
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.01.01
UDC 628.166
Vasiliak L. M., Koudryavtsev N. N., SMIRNOV A. D., Strelkov A. K.
Ultraviolet plus ultrasound, and why again «there are no analogues in the world»?
Summary
Ultrasound has not been widely practiced in the world as a water disinfection technology. It has a low energy efficiency of disinfection in comparison with ultraviolet irradiation, therefore cannot be applied on its own. The combined effect of ultrasound and UV-irradiation does not have a synergistic effect, since these photo-biological and physicochemical processes are different and independent from each other. There are no criteria and methods for monitoring the effectiveness of ultrasound disinfection. The use of ultrasound is not regulated by sanitary rules and guidelines related to the disinfection of drinking and waste water. Cleaning of quartz covers is carried out using mechanical systems and chemical rinsing; international equipment manufacturers do not use ultrasound for this purpose. Personnel protection from the harmful impact of ultrasound is required.
Key words
potable water , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , water treatment , ultrasound
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UDC 628.166.085
Kostyuchenko S. V., Baranov V. L., Tkachev Andrei
Ultraviolet radiation – an advanced method of wastewater disinfection
Summary
The current regulatory requirements to effluent disinfection with chlorine agents demand an obligatory dechlorination stage. In the present context physical methods of wastewater disinfection can be an alternative solution. The method of wastewater ultraviolet radiation with the wave length of 253.7 m and low pressure amalgam lamps is most efficient and widely used. The given method is characterized by the high disinfection efficiency in relation to all types of microorganisms including viruses; by the absence of negative environmental impact; by the absence of disinfection by-products in wastewater, and equipment compactness. Engineering and economical comparison of the two methods of disinfection is presented: with the use of chlorine agent and ultraviolet radiation. It is shown that the method of ultraviolet radiation disinfection is more cost effective. The absolute value of the annual economic effect of using the equipment for UV disinfection of wastewater is increasing with the increase of the capacity of the facilities as a result of significant operational costs saving even at minor increase of the amount of the wastewater treated.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , wastewater , ultra-violet irradiation , dechlorination , low pressure amalgam lamp
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.01.06
UDC 544.526:628.169
Pilipenko Marina, Dubina Aleksandr, Likhavitskii Vitalii
Flotation of wastewater from dye works using ozone
Summary
The results of experimental studies of the efficiency of purification of model and real wastewater from dye and finishing works with the aid of pneumatic flotation using ozone-air mixture instead of air are presented. The effect of the gas mixture flow rate, dye concentration, and ozone concentration in the gas mixture on the purification efficiency was studied. The purification efficiency was evaluated by optical density and COD. While using ozone-air mixture instead of air, a 12-fold efficiency increase was achieved. The results of the studies have shown that while using ozone flotation to achieve the purification efficiency of 90% of the real wastewater from dye and finishing works, abstracted upstream the treatment facilities (electrocoagulation followed by flotation), the following conditions are required: processing time not less than 60 minutes; consumption of ozone-air mixture not less than 5 l/(l·min); ozone concentration in the ozone-air mixture not less than 8 g/m3.
Key words
wastewater , flotation , dye , ozone , fabric dyeing
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UDC 628.16.08:544.522:547.562.1
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.07.04
Ahmed Sameh Abdelfattah Araby, Gogina Elena
Photodegradation of phenol by UVC-activated persulfate in the presence of Fe (III) as a catalyst
Summary
In the process of executed research, the photocatalytic degradation of phenol was studied using deep oxidation with the use of sulfate radicals (SR-AOPs-Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Processes). In particular, the {UVC/PS/Fe(III)} combination was used and compared with direct photolysis, {UVC/PS} and {PS/Fe(III)}. The results showed that the {UVC/PS/Fe(III)} treatment had the highest initial reaction rate and removal efficiency. After 120 minutes of reaction, the {UVC/PS/Fe (III)} oxidation system provided for 74% phenol removal. The effect of pH, persulfate concentration, Fe (III) concentration, and initial phenol concentration on the removal efficiency in the {UFS/PS/Fe(III)} system was also investigated. The optimum phenol removal efficiency is achieved at pH 4, whereas, increasing alkalinity reduces the removal efficiency. In addition, an increase in the concentration of persulfate to 10 mmol improved the removal efficiency; however, an excessive dose of persulfate had a negative effect on the phenol degradation. Similarly, the effective degradation of phenol is achieved by increasing the concentration of ferric ions to 5 mmol at a lower initial concentration of phenol. The data obtained indicate that the presence of ferric ions promotes the formation of radicals in situ in the {UVC/PS/Fe(III)} system, which leads to a significant improvement in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Overall, the study highlights the potential of the {UVC/PS/Fe(III)} system for phenol-contaminated wastewater treatment prior to discharge to water bodies.
Key words
wastewater , photocatalytic degradation of phenol , UVC-activated persulfate , deep oxidation with sulfate radicals
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UDC 628.17.001.4
Kofman V. Ya.
Chemical information study of wastewater
(review)
Summary
The research discipline «Chemical information study of wastewater» has originated and made rapid strides since the beginning of 2000-ies in response to the demand of developing the channels of acquiring the information on the use of broad spectrum of banned narcotics and pharmaceuticals, on the effect of toxic substances, on some health indicators of the population and its size inside the territory under the study. Compared to the traditional methods of questioning and social-epidemiologic studies that imply the compilation of statistics, study of medical reports, acquisition of the information on the production and sale of the relevant medications the considered approach has certain advantages and provides for establishing continuous monitoring almost on a real-time basis. The method includes measuring the concentrations of active substances and/or metabolites of the medications studied that enter the sewer as a result of the excretion from the human organism and using the method of this data processing to determine the level of consumption of medications or narcotics by the population living on the territory served by the sewer network. Similarly the level of the population exposure to the impact of pollutants can be determined. The data obtained in some countries with the use of the considered approach corresponds to the results of the traditional studies, and, in some cases is a successful supplement. It is supposed that the significance and efficiency of the method will grow as well as under the conditions of the sewer network upgrade.
Key words
wastewater , sewerage system , narcotics and pharmaceuticals , toxic substances , public wastewater treatment facilities , back calculations method
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UDC 628.316:504.054
Koulakov A. A.
Environmental assessment of a «water body – effluent discharge» scheme
Summary
During the studies an approach to the environmental assessment of a «water body-effluent discharge scheme» was developed. Probability of meeting the design performance of biological treatment and environmental requirements at small-scale municipal wastewater treatment facilities was evaluated. Maximum permissible concentration exceeding factor both in effluents and river water before and after discharging by the example of the Vologda Region case study was determined. Relationships between hydraulic and chemical parameters of effluent receiving bodies and discharged effluents were defined.
Key words
wastewater , maximum permissible concentration , water object , sewerage treatment facilities , environmental assessment
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UDC 628.2:621.311.16+654.032.3
Avendin A. P., Filimonov A. V., Shatalov V. S.
Economic Appropriateness of Two-Rate Tariff of Payment for Energy at a Sewage Pumping Station
Summary
Conditions under which the payment for energy consumed by the sewage pumping station according to the two-rate tariff would be reasonable economically are considered. The payback period of modernization is determined on the example of the concrete pumping station.
Key words:
wastewater , sewerage pumping station , pump , electric power , tariff , output
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UDC 628.3:658.26.004.18
Danilovich Dmitrii
Energy conservation and alternative power sources at the wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
Methods of improving power efficiency of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities and heat and electrical power generation with the use of renewable power resource of wastewater. The analysis of power conservation and generation in water supply and wastewater management shows that depending on the technical solutions applied the total balance of power consumption at the water and wastewater facilities can vary from the net electrical energy consumption of 4 MW per 100 000 m3 of wastewater/day to positive balance of 7,5–8 MW (owing to 16 MW power generated including 1 MW of electrical energy). The power consumption of two independent municipal wastewater treatment plants can differ more than 6 times.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , sludge , energy efficiency , electric power , power consumption , biogas , water supply-sewerage services , heat pumps
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UDC 628.292.65.011.4
Ignatchik S. Iu.
Energy conservation and reliability assurance in upgrading sewage pumping stations
Summary
The main principles of reliability and energy conservation calculation method for designing the upgrade of local sewage pumping stations that are transferring wastewater to the treatment facilities are presented. When preparing a feasibility study of the project design the technology and probability indices of reliability for each element of the process part of the pumping station together with probabilistic and individual dimension reliability are determined. The option of upgrading the process part is selected with account of the environmental requirements and investment efficiency of the project.
Key words
wastewater , power saving , operation expenditures , pumping station , calculated hydraulic model , net discounted expense , reliability indices
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.05.04
UDC 628.35:661.5
Kondrashev Viacheslav, Metelitsa Sergei
Stages of launching a biological treatment plant at the wastewater treatment facilities with dosing easily oxidable organic matter
Summary
Issues related to commissioning a biological treatment plant at the facilities for household and similar in composition wastewater treatment during the trial start of the treatment facilities are considered. The stages of commissioning a biological treatment plant at the wastewater treatment facilities with «inoculating» activated sludge from the operating biological treatment facilities and with dosing easily oxidable organic matter are considered in detail. The equipment configuration of the WWTP-9 produced by Germes Group is described. All stages of the biological treatment plant commissioning are considered through the example of the start-up of WWTP-9 with the use of numerous experimental data. The periods of biological treatment plant commissioning stages have been determined. The problems of adjusting the biological treatment plant and the ways of their elimination to achieve the required result are presented. The technology used at the WWT facilities provides for the effluent quality that meets the requirements for the discharge into a water body of commercial fishing importance.
чения.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , mechanical treatment , aftertreatment , commissioning , biological treatment plant
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UDC 628.356
Kevbrina M. V., Belov N. A., Akmentina A. V., Ostapenko R. V.
The efficiency of aeration systems at the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities under field operating conditions
Summary
Aeration systems of aeration tanks are key elements of the wastewater treatment facilities. The main task in operating different types of aeration systems is ensuring high efficient atmospheric oxygen utilization at low energy consumption. The specialists of R&D Centre of «Mosvodokanal» JSC investigated the results of the long-term operation of the aeration systems at the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities under field operating conditions. The dependence of the aeration system efficiency on the ratio of surface areas of aerated zone and aeration tank; the air flow rate through one aerator at different options of aerators layout along the aeration tank length was studied. Regulating specific air consumption in the aeration tank zones provides for the optimal use of the available oxidation potential of the facilities without increasing aeration expenses or decreasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment. It was stated that when designing and choosing aeration systems it is necessary to find a balance between the surface area of the aerated zone in the aeration tank and efficiency of the aeration system. It was shown that when introducing nitrification-denitrification technologies without increasing capital and operating expenses for purchasing and maintaining mixing and aeration equipment both short-term and long-term shutdown of the aerators is possible to provide for alternate aeration without any efficiency loss. Perennial studies of the aeration systems produced by different manufacturers showed that the efficiency of the aeration systems during long-term operation is reduced by 25% of the design value. Therefore when choosing and designing an aeration system the reduction of the aeration system efficiency during the operation at the existing treatment facilities shall be taken into account aside from the required number of aerators and their layout.
Summary
wastewater , biological treatment , aeration tank , activated sludge , aeration system , efficiency of oxygen transfer
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.12.02
UDC 628.52:537.523
Vasiliak L. M., Koudryavtsev N. N., SMIRNOV A. D.
Efficiency of gas discharge methods for odor control in municipal wastewater transportation and treatment systems
Summary
In the process of wastewater transportation and treatment malodorous substances are released into the air; among them hydrogen sulfide being one of the most difficult to remove. Various methods are used to remove malodorous substances from the air, including gas-discharge (plasma, ionization) methods that have proven remarkably effective in other industries. Vent emissions generated during wastewater treatment are specified by high humidity, high concentration of hydrogen sulfide, potential explosion hazard. These properties limit the possible use of gas discharge methods for the purification of this type of vent emissions. The specificity of applying gas discharge methods for air purification at the wastewater treatment facilities and wastewater pumping stations is described. The arising technical difficulties are presented.
Key words
wastewater , industrial methods of removing malodorous substances , hydrogen sulfide removal , gas discharge methods of air purification , plasma catalytic air purification
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UDC 628.316.6
SMIRNOV A. D., Bivalkevich A. I., Strelkov A. K., Breslov B. E.
Efficiency and economic expediency of the industrial methods for wastewater disinfection
Summary
Technical and economic assessment of municipal and industrial wastewater disinfection methods is given. At present the method of UV-disinfection with the use of low pressure amalgam lamps is recognized from both technical and economic points of view as a most acceptable method widely used all around the world. UV disinfection ensures most efficient inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms including chlorine-tolerant (viruses) present in effluents. UV irradiation of wastewater is not accompanied with formation of by-products that could produce negative impact on living organisms and human health, i. e. this method is both environmentally and hygienically safe.
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , toxicity , amalgam lamp
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