DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.12.03
UDC 628.31
Palagin Evgenii, Strelkov A. K., Pavlukhin A. A., Bykova P. G.
On the regulation of surface runoff handling
Summary
An analysis of a number of amendments included in the current version of CP 32.13330.2018 «SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants», in terms of designing systems for the surface runoff disposal and treatment, as well as possible options for regulating surface runoff discharges into public wastewater disposal systems and water bodies, taking into account the requirements of the current environmental legislation is presented. An assessment of the effect of the negative environmental impact category of the enterprise on the regulatory requirements to discharged wastewater is given. It is shown under what conditions and under what category it is advisable for an enterprise to operate its own surface runoff outfall to a water body or discharge wastewater into a public sewer.
Key words
treatment facilities , discharge limitations , surface runoff , technologically regulated substances , public wastewater disposal system , classification groups , required treatment level
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.05.01
UDC 628.2/.4:006.3:349.6
Vereshchagina Lidiia, Danilovich Dmitrii, Frog Dmitrii
Overview of the main amendments to the Code of Practice CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants» in terms of designing the systems for the disposal and treatment of surface runoff introduced in 2021
Summary
An overview of the main changes in the design of the systems for the disposal and treatment of surface runoff (rain, melt water) in the current set of rules – CP 32.13330.2018 «SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants», developed in 2021 by the specialists of the Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences and a number of other organizations is presented. It is noted that the purpose of amending the current regulatory document is, in particular, harmonization of its provisions with the articles of the environmental legislation that came into force on January 1, 2019 and the new regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation that provide for the transition to the principles of technological regulation of discharges in accordance with the technological indicators of the best available technologies. An overview of the most significant changes in CP 32.13330.2018 on the organization and calculation of the systems for the disposal and treatment of surface runoff is given.
Key words
treatment facilities , best available techniques , discharge limitations , surface runoff , technological indicators , storm sewer , hydraulic calculation of networks , separation chamber , intermediate storage tank , climatic parameters , rainfall intensity
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UDC 628.336
Rublevskaya O. N., Vasiliev B. V., Protasovskii E. M., Petrov S. V.
Wastewater sludge processing and utilization at the wastewater treatment facilities of Saint-Petersburg: best practices and prospects
Summary
Best practices of processing and utilization of wastewater sludge at the wastewater treatment facilities of Saint-Petersburg is presented. Centrifuging is used as the main dewatering technology. The dewatering equipment for 40 years has been continuously upgraded; at present decanters – latest generation equipment are used that provide for 72–75% dewatered sludge moisture content and sludge incineration without any fuel addition. All sludge generated at the municipal treatment facilities in the city is incinerated at three incineration plants. Sludge is incinerated in fluidized bed furnaces at 800–850 °С. Ash after sludge incineration is classified as hazard class IV. The amount of sludge is reduced 12-fold. As a result storing dewatered sludge at special landfills was abandoned; consequently the need of constructing new ones was no longer valid. Flue gas cleaning is carried out by wet scrubbing (incineration plants at the Central Wastewater Treatment Facilities and South-Western Wastewater Treatment Facilities) and dry scrubbing. At present the project of upgrading the incineration plant at the Central Wastewater Treatment Facilities has been designed.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater sludges , ash , centrifuges , sludge incineration plant , dewatered sludge
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UDC 628.336.57:628.162.52
Butko D. A., Lysov V. A.
Determination of Rheological Properties of Water Supply Sediments in Facilities Directly
Summary
Design of an instrument and a method of calculation for the determination of rhelogical properties of sediments directly in settling facilities are presented. Regularities of the change of sediment resistance to displacement depending on the depth of its position and distance from the beginning of a settling tank are revealed.
Key words
treatment facilities , sedimentation tank , sludge , resistance of sediment to displacement
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UDC 628.33
Kevbrina M. V., Bogomolov M. V., Streltsov S. A., Belov N. A., Kolbasov G. A.
Optimization of the mode of sludge removal from secondary settling tanks
Summary
In the process of upgrading the Moscow Novokur’ianovskie wastewater treatment facilities the scraper mechanism for activated sludge collection in 54 m diameter secondary settling tanks was replaced by SO-54 sludge sucker. Since it was the first experience of using sludge suckers at the Kur’ianovskie wastewater treatment facilities it was decided to carry out experimental tests of the operation of the secondary settling tanks equipped with sludge suckers as well as to develop and approbate the method of efficient activated sludge collection and removal from the bottom of the settling tanks. The operation of SO-54 sludge sucker in different modes was analyzed. It was shown that the design of the settling tank provided for the operation control by switching off and on the suction pipes of the upper level of the sludge suckers, i. e. eliminating the use of complicated instruments. Regulating the operation of the suction pipes of the upper level of the sludge suckers with a time switch provides for maintaining the optimal height of the activated sludge layer. Switching off the suction pipes of the upper level of the sludge suckers results in the increased concentration of recycle sludge. As a result of changing SO-54 sludge pump operation the dosage of recycle sludge was increased from 4.6 to 7.1 g/l eliminating the effluent quality in relation to suspended solids. This allowed reducing the recycle sludge volume subject to pumping to the aeration tanks, and reducing the number of operating pumps, and power saving.
Key words
treatment facilities , sludge disposal truck , secondary settling tank , activated sludge , power saving
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UDC 628.3(510 + 519.5)
Meshengisser Yu. M., Galich D. R., Gomozova E. V., Vu Min
Experience of Introduction of Ecopolymer Equipment in Countries of the Eastern-Asian Region
Summary
The experience of introduction of the EcopolymerGroup’s equipment in the countries of the Eastern Asian Region on the example of China and South Korea is described. In China aerators are used for treatment of municipal (communal) and industrial-municipal discharges (in industrial parks) and for treatment of industrial enterprises wastewater as well. The equipment introduction is made mainly at large treatment facilities of over 150 thousand m³/day capacity. In South Korea the Ecopolymer aerators are used at treatment facilities of concentrated flows with high concentration of activated sludge from unloading plants, pig farms, poultry factories, in systems with membrane technologies of wastewater treatment.
Key words
treatment facilities , municipal and industrial wastewater , aerator , interrupted aeration , membrane technology
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.03.04
UDC 628.161.2:628.166-926.214
Kozin Dmitrii, Prokof’ev Valerii, Prokof’eva Taisiia
Experience of using ozone for deironing water of a complex composition
Summary
The purpose of the study was developing a process flow scheme and determining the main parameters of the ozonation method for removing iron and manganese compounds from process water. The studies were carried out in a pilot plant; the test object was circulating water at a power engineering facility in Bashkiria. To achieve this goal, a multi-stage experiment was conducted that provided for: determining the optimal doses of ozone, ozone contact time with processed water; choosing the main design options for using sorption filters; adjusting the filtration rate. The data of the experimental studies proving the effectiveness of the chosen method are presented. The results obtained provide for determining the costs of water treatment, estimating the operating costs, and compare the proposed and alternative methods for removing iron and manganese compounds.
Key words
ozonization , treatment facilities , deferrization , water treatment , permanganate oxidizability , sorbent
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UDC 628.312:628.336.3
Variushina G. P., Primin Oleg
The experience of operating surface runoff treatment facilities
and the guidelines for the improvement of sludge treatment technology
Swimmer
The data on the mechanical and physical properties of surface runoff sludge generated on the lands allotted for settlement and highways is presented. The observations of the processes of natural sludge drying on the sand sludge dewatering beds at the treatment facilities show that the sludge is characterized by low dewatering properties (more than 89–94%), and this fact stipulates the demand for the improvement of the sludge treatment technology. As a result of the chemical and analytical studies of the surface runoff sludge composition it was stated that the sludge from industrial sites located in the residential districts and industrial areas, from residential constructions on the lands allocated for settlement with parklands as well as from the recreation areas with nature-sanctuaries could be attributed to class IV of hazard (low-hazard). Sludge from the territory of the Moscow Ring Road, gasoline stations, and parking lots at the shopping malls could be attributed to class III of hazard (moderately hazardous). The results of the laboratory studies showed that the use of high molecular polyelectrolytes provided for sludge thickening and efficient dewatering by centrifuging to 74–82% moisture content. The design data on the sludge specific volume (98–99% moisture content) generated in storage tanks is presented as well as the data on the specific volume of dewatered sludge (89–94 % moisture content) generated annually on 1 ha catchment area for different types of catchment areas. It is recommended during the design process not to remove water charged sludge with a moisture content of 98–99% by trucks (sludge pumps) as an expensive and ineffective method, but to dewater sludge directly at the treatment facilities with the use of stationary or mobile mechanical equipment (vacuum-filters, filter-presses, centrifuges, geotubes).
Key words
treatment facilities , sludge , surface runoff , drainage area , the dewatering apparatus
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UDC 628.32
Meshengisser Yu. M., Kolesnik Yu. V., Ostroushchenko N. G., Konnov V. N., Radchenko V. V., Krasnoshtan S. K., Shulikov A. S.
Adoption of New Production Processes
Summary
The EcopolymerGroup in addition to products made of polymeric materials produces a wide range of equipment made of stainless and carbon steels for solution of different technological tasks of water supply and water disposal systems. Designs of equipment for wastewater and sludge treatment – check-in valves, rack fine treatment screens, belt filter-presses – are described. Main technical characteristics and advantages of the equipment manufactured are presented. Specialists of the company in cooperation with engineers of the South Korean partner have developed the design and mastered the serial production of a belt filter-press of BFS series fitting the level of the best world models.
Key words
treatment facilities , equipment , shield valve , screens , filter-press
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UDC 628.2/.4:006.3:349.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.02.02
Danilovich Dmitrii, Frog Dmitrii
The main innovations introduced by Amendment No. 2 to the Code of Practice CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. Pipelines and Wastewater Treatment Plants»
Summary
The main prerequisites for the development of Amendment No. 2 to CP 32.13330.2018, and the tasks facing this work are described. The main innovations introduced by Amendment No. 2 are considered. The principles of synchronization of the system of engineering regulation of wastewater treatment processes with environmental regulation of discharges; clarification of the provisions for determining the estimated wastewater inflows; additions to the subsection on drain stations are described. The main additions and clarifications in terms of wastewater and sludge treatment technologies are described and justified (Chapter 9 of the Code of Practice), namely: updated requirements for intrahour safety factors while calculating channels and flumes; supplemented requirements for reliability in the design of channels of bar screen buildings and the data for calculating the amount of screenings depending on bar spacing; specified conditions for the use of sewage regulators; requirements for the calculation of primary settling tanks, aeration tanks, secondary settling tanks; recommendations for the removal of phosphorus; requirements for the redundancy of sludge dewatering equipment in case of the lack of spare sludge beds; introduced formulas for calculating the pollution of primary effluent; recommendations for sludge acidification from primary settling tanks; requirements for the redundancy of submersible electromechanical equipment of aeration tanks and for the regulation of sludge discharge from secondary settling tanks; detailed recommendations on the use of filtration beds for receiving effluents; the limits of applying mandatory dechlorination while using chlorine and the allowability of using prefabricated units.
Key words
treatment facilities , sewerage , screens , phosphorus elimination , set of rules , dechlorination , primary and secondary settling tanks , pipelines and wastewater treatment plants , municipal (mixed) wastewater , estimated inflow , sewage regulators , drain stations , calculations , aeration tanks , equipment redundancy , sludge acidification , filtration beds , prefabricated units
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.04.03
UDC 628.35:661.5
Pukemo M. M., Koulakov A. A., Zheltukhin Roman
Features of hospital wastewater treatment
Summary
At high concentrations of nitrogen compounds and low concentrations of organic substances in wastewater, the process of denitrification does not proceed in full, resulting in a high concentration of nitrates in the effluent. The experience of using an extra substrate to supply the denitrified nitrate nitrogen with the required organic matter is described. Deep suppression of biocenosis at high concentrations of chlorine derivatives in raw wastewater was revealed. At a total chlorine concentration of 5.4–6.8 mg/l, neither biological treatment processes proceeded, nor a biofilm formed on the media surface. It is noted that the composition of the hospital wastewater is characterized by a low concentration of organic matter (BOD5 was on average 42.3 mg/l, COD – on average 128.9 mg/l) with a total nitrogen concentration of 43.4 mg/l. The effectiveness of using sucrose as a substrate for the denitrification of hospital wastewater has been experimentally confirmed. The sugar consumption was 0.17 kg/m3 at the ratio of BOD5/total nitrogen of 0.95 in the incoming wastewater.
Key words
treatment facilities , denitrification , hospital wastewater , extra substrate , sucrose
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UDC 628.113.8:504.064.2
Boronina L. V., Sadchikov P. N.
The appraisal of surface water sources quality
Summary
The results of the statistical appraisal of the parameters indicating the growth of vast majority of pollutants in the total volume of water samples are presented. Herewith the absolute values of the basic growth are positive, which is the evidence of the pollution buildup compared to 2006. The positive values of chain growth indicate unfavorable dynamics of the gradual increase of the given substances in weight; whereas the relevant comparative values (basic and chain increase and growth rates) show their percentage build-up.
Key words
treatment facilities , suspended substances , chromaticity , odor , pollutant , water sample
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UDC 628.316.13
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Nosova E. G.
Treatment of chrome-containing wastewater of fur tanning factories
Summary
The results of studying the treatment of chrome-containing wastewater of fur tanning factories are presented. In the process of leather and fur tanning big amounts of wastewater containing raw material and wastes of chemicals, dyes and trimmings used for dressing are generated. A process flow scheme of wastewater treatment for the factories with a capacity of more than 200 m3/day is suggested. Theoretic substantiation of the use of standard and new chemicals is given. With the purpose of studying the physical and chemical characteristics of the total industrial waste flow observations of the pollution composition and mathematical processing of the data obtained were carried out. Studying the methods of fur tanning wastewater in context of the environmental safety showed that the preference shall be given to chemical methods as well to electro-coagulation with chemical tertiary treatment that provides for the efficient treatment of such wastewater. The substantiation of technical and economic expediency of the treatment facilities construction is given.
Key words
treatment facilities , flow chart , chemicals , chrome containing wastewater , fur tanning and dyeing , mechanical pollution
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UDC 006.3:628.3:504.069
Danilovich Dmitrii, Budnitskii D., Novikov A.
Switch over to the technologic regulation of effluent discharges from municipal wastewater treatment facilities: ten years track record and recommendations after the adoption of the complete package of regulatory legal acts
Summary
On behalf of the participants in the process, a description of the concept of technological regulation of wastewater discharges from settlements, the development and adoption of legislative acts for the switch over to the new system is given. The paper dwells upon the adoption of the final regulatory legal act (Government Decree of September 2020 No. 1430), completing the development of a legislative framework designed to put an end on the use of fishery maximum permissible concentrations as wastewater discharge standards. Explanations are given on the relationship between the status of the provisions of the updated information and technical reference book ITS 10-2015 and the specified resolution in different applications. Recommendations are given for municipal wastewater treatment facilities and engineering companies on priority actions in the preparation and drawing up of applications for integrated environmental permits and design specifications and estimates according to the new regulations. Attention is drawn to the fact that switching over to a new regulation system requires assigning a category to a water body (performed by Rosvodresursy); otherwise the application of the process parameters established by the Government of the Russian Federation is impossible. The specific features of designing treatment facilities in the new regulation system are noted.
Keywords
treatment facilities , wastewater , best available techniques , legislation , discharge regulation , technological indicators , public sanitation systems of settlements , information and technical reference book ITS 10 , water body category
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UDC 628.334
Probirsky M. D., Rublevskaya O. N., Kim A. N., Ivanenko I. I.
Prospects of surface runoff disposal and treatment in St. Petersburg
Summary
St. Petersrburg is the biggest megacity on the Baltic Sea, with well-developed industrial and transportation infrastructure. The scale of the city determines the level of the responsibility for the Baltic Sea state before the international community – participants in the Helsinki Convention. By the present moment a list of activities has been developed that includes rearranging direct outfalls and eliminating direct discharges of raw sewage into the water bodies; the process solutions on combined and domestic wastewater treatment to the required effluent quality standards have been studied in detail. The system of accounting the level of precipitation and calculating the amount of surface runoff on the basis of this data is described. The information on the automated network of accounting the atmospheric precipitation and on the automated system to control this network is presented. The method of calculating surface runoff amount has been updated; the sanitation areas are being specified according to the digital territory plan. The studies of the surface runoff seasonal quality fluctuations are carried out; the classification of the territories according to the pollution type has been introduced. The surface runoff treatment facilities with the use of different process flow schemes are described.
Key words
treatment facilities , surface runoff , direct outfall , calculation of surface runoff amount , precipitation gauge
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.02
UDC 626.812
Lapin Pavel
Surface waters of the Orel Region rivers and their main pollutants
Summary
The results of a study of the qualitative composition of surface waters in the basin of the main rivers of the Orel Region (Oka, Dnieper and Don) that revealed critical pollution of the surface waters with phenols in most rivers, negligible – with nitrite nitrogen, no excess of MPC for iron was found, with the exception of the Dnieper River basin. To reduce the degree of pollution of the surface waters, a program of budgetary support of the water supply and wastewater disposal enterprises shall be provided to enhance the transition to the best available technologies for wastewater treatment; the cooperation with neighboring regions shall be improved; monitoring of the main pollutants of the water bodies in the Orel region shall be carried out; and the technological control of economic entities shall be executed considering their negative impact on the water bodies.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , oil products , phenols , surface water , environmental protection
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UDC 628.32.62-192.004.1
Bogomolov M. V., Dudchenko T. O., Pakhomov A. N., Streltsov S. A., Khamidov M. G., Belov N. A.
Improvement of Operational Reliability of Wastewater Disposal System of Moscow
Summary
The reliable and efficient operation of the wastewater disposal system of Moscow is one of the most important components of sanitary and ecological well-being of the city. Under the conditions of water saving and an annual reduction in volumes of water consumption and wastewater disposal the priority directions of development of the wastewater disposal system are improvement of water treatment quality and reliability of networks and facilities operation. With that end in view the Moscow State Unitary Enterprise Mosvodokanal (MSUE) introduces new methods of renovation of sewerage networks using widely up-to-date computer technologies and geoinformation systems, carries out the reconstruction of water treatment facilities. This complex of measures makes it possible to reduce considerably the risk of emergency situations.
Key words
treatment facilities , sewerage system , sewerage network , trenchless method of repair , pressure pipeline , geoinformation system , mini-TPP (mini-thermal power plant)
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UDC 628.3:725.42:631.227.2
Lunin S. V., Prokhorova I. V., Rudakova L. E., Melnik D. V.
Enhancement of Treatment Efficiency of Wastewater of JSC Kaluzhskaya Poultry Factory
Summary
Features of the treatment of wastewater of meat-processing industry enterprises are described using the example of JSC Kaluzhskaya Poultry Factory purifying the mix of industrial wastewater of the enterprise and household sewage of the Lev Tolstoy village. An optimal flow chart with adoption of local sewage treatment facilities after the poultry factory’s slaughter floor making it possible to enhance the efficiency of treatment is offered and substantiated. A brief description of the flow chart offered is given.
Key words
treatment facilities , utilization , reagent , flotation , high concentrated wastewater , flotation slime , dehydrator
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UDC 628.2/.4:006.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.03.04
Danilovich Dmitrii
Obtaining design data for the calculation of wastewater treatment facilities for communities in accordance with Amendment No. 2 of CP 32.13330.2018
Summary
The main innovations introduced by Amendment No. 2 to CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. Pipelines and Wastewater Treatment Plants» with regard to obtaining design data for calculating wastewater treatment facilities for communities are considered. The main content of the new D Appendix as part of this Code of Practice, dedicated to this issue, is outlined, where the instructions are differentiated on obtaining design data for calculations provided the primary design data is sufficient, or insufficient. In particular, the specified requirements for taking into account predicted changes in the drainage sewer territory, determining the daily and hourly coefficients of unevenness, and determining the calculated concentrations of pollutants are described.
Key words
treatment facilities , sewerage , set of rules , pipelines and wastewater treatment plants , municipal (mixed) wastewater , municipal (mixed) wastewater , verification , relevant data , wastewater inflow , loadings , pollution concentrations , wastewater temperature
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UDC 628.35.3:336.7
Gogina Elena, Gurinovich A.i D.
The use of LСС method in evaluating the efficiency of investment projects of wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
The assessment of expediency investments in constructing new or upgrading the existing wastewater treatment facilities should be based on the advanced methods of analysis and calculation of the investment efficiency, social, environmental and other implications of operating these projects. LCC method of calculating life cycle costing provides for the comprehensive efficiency analysis within the frames of feasibility study and business plan preparation for investment projects of municipal wastewater treatment facilities upon recommendation of international standards. The purpose of LCC method is the selection of the most efficient investment project among the other suggested at the minimum integrated life cycle cost over the course of a long period. LCC analysis assists in estimating the costs and making a choice basing on the total costs instead of the purchase cost of the equipment and construction and assembling operations since the operational expenses exceed significantly the cost of the purchased equipment during procurement. An example of making calculations with LCC method is presented. The results show that for the considered example with the highest initial investments in wastewater treatment facilities the life cycle costing was minimal as well as the basic operational parameters.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , LCC method of life cycle costing calculation , investment expediency , assessment of the investment project efficiency
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