DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.08.02
UDC 628.32

Getmanskii Artem, Shcherbakova Julia, Kukoba Konstantin

Equipment manufactured by ECOS Group within the frames of the Import Substitution Program: relevance and efficiency

Summary

Changes in the financial and economic situation in the country and in the world are pushing companies to develop new and optimize existing technologies. For 15 years, ECOS Group has been manufacturing original block-modular plants with a capacity of up to 1200 m3/day. A new product line of block-modular and container plants with increased productivity up to 7500 m3/day, as well as a product line of own-produced branded electromechanical equipment have been developed. The special design of wastewater treatment plants has a wide range of advantages: high reliability and energy efficiency, stability in operation, seismic resistance and, at the same time, modular flexibility. The assured effective treatment is achieved by means of full equipping and testing of the plant at the manufacturing works. In the process of manufacturing, the Import Substitution Program has been actively used resulting in developing economically competitive, efficiently operating and proven process solutions.

Key words

wastewater treatment , sludge dewatering , dehydrator , screw mechanized screen , sludge drying , block-modular plant , sludge disinfection , drum screen , combined screen , tangential grit chamber , flocculant preparation plant

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UDC 628.3:504.06

Danilovich Dmitrii, Skobelev D. O., Shchelchkov K. A.

Determination of technological indicators of municipal wastewater treatment quality corresponding to the use of the best available techniques

Summary

In 2015 «Wastewater treatment in public wastewater disposal systems of communities, urban districts» information and technical gui­dance was compiled (ITG 10-2105). The document has been developed for the first time in Russia and has no parallels in European Union. One of the main problems in compiling ITG 10-2105 was developing the methodology of determining the technological indicators of the best available techniques. The analysis of this methodology was carried out in comparison with the existing in EC perspective approaches to the determination of the technological indicators including: projects selection and split up into groups; acquisition of data on the emissions into the atmosphere; selection of pollutants; analysis of the available information on discharges; differentiated determination of the emission level in relation to the best available techniques. The technological indicators of pollutants removed in the traditional biological treatment processes (suspended solids, BOD5, COD) were determined in the process of analyzing the data obtained by questioning the branch projects. Determination of the technological indicators for nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is based greatly on the expert assessment due to the small number of projects using BAT and due to the differences in the technologies applied. Generally the method for determining the technological indicators of BAT to the full extent corresponded to the practices currently used for this purpose in EC. In future during the preparation for ITG 10-2015 revision it is recommended to carry out monitoring and technological audit of BAT reference-projects as well as of the perspective technologies.

Key words

wastewater treatment , best available techniques , technological indicators , emission level , reference-project

UDC 628.2/.3:006.057
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.03

Danilovich Dmitrii, Frog Dmitrii, Vereshchagina Lidiia

The main revisions proposed in Amendment No. 3 to CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. External networks and structures»

Summary

The main revisions CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. External networks and structures» proposed in Amendment No. 3, developed by the Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences in 2023 are described. The following concepts were introduced: basic technical solutions and requirements for their development, industrial storm sewer systems at industrial enterprises and requirements for their design. The requirements to the existing wastewater disposal systems have been clarified. The revised and extended requirements have been established for the use of one- and two-stage wastewater screening, acidification of primary sludge, biological wastewater treatment methods, UV disinfection of effluents, stabilization and disinfection of wastewater sludge, thermal drying and thermal utilization of sludge. Requirements to the disposal of wastewater sludge have been simplified.

Key words

disinfection , wastewater treatment , sewerage , water disposal , set of rules , sludge treatment , pollutants , estimated flow

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.03.07
UDC 628.316:66.081.63

Il’ina Marina, Selivanov Oleg, Pikalov Evgenii

Estimation of the ultrafiltration efficiency for leachate treatment from solid waste landfills

Summary

The results of estimating the efficiency of wastewater treatment by ultrafiltration in various membrane elements upstream reverse osmosis separation are presented. The studies were carried out in a pilot ultrafiltration unit using ceramic tubular membrane elements and hollow fiber membrane elements made of polysulfone and polyvinylidene fluoride supplied by various manufacturers. Leachate of a solid waste landfill was used as the test water. The research results showed that all the considered membrane elements provided for a high degree of removing suspended solids (> 99.9%), total iron (80%), oil products (> 90%), non-ionic surfactants (> 84%). The final performance of all tested membrane elements was virtually the same. Comparing the performance of membrane elements with clean tap water after chemical washing showed that the highest degree of recovery was observed in a pressure hollow fiber element based on polysulfone (80%). Thus, hollow fiber membrane elements made of polysulfone will have the longest service life while maintaining a high degree of purification of leachate from a solid waste landfill.

Key words

wastewater treatment , ultrafiltration , ceramic membrane element , hollow fiber membrane element , specific filtration rate

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UDC 628.349.087.4:621.357

Pavlov D. V., Kolesnikov V. A.

Electroplating industry wastewater treatment: advanced solutions

Summary

An innovative technology of electroplating industry wastewater treatment on the basis of electroflotation and ultrafiltration combination has been developed. From technical and economic point of view this technology provides for removing heavy metals from wastewater to 0.01 mg/l, SS and oil products to 0.05 mg/l at relatively low wastewater treatment facilities operational expenditures. The electroflotation plant and unltrafiltration unit on the basis of tubular ceramic membranes are recommended for introduction at the industrial wastewater treatment facilities that are either subject to upgrade or under construction. The main task of the technology and equipment designers is the reduction of the treatment facilities construction and operation expenses while maintaining the high quality of treatment.

Key words

wastewater treatment , ultrafiltration , heavy metals , ceramic membrane , electroflotation

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.05.06
UDC 628.356

Matуushenko Evgeny, Rebitva Sergei, Borisova Kristina

Wastewater treatment of a cottage estate. Design and operational errors

Summary

The principle of operation, as well as the errors while designing and operating a compact wastewater treatment plant with a design capacity of 500 m³/day (actual flow rate is 250–280 m³/day) are considered. The treatment facilities have been designed in two phases and include the stages of mechanical and biological treatment, followed by tertiary treatment in biofilters with expanded clay media, and UV disinfection of the effluent after biological treatment. Gravity sludge thickeners and dehydrators are provided for processing the resulting sludge. Upon the detailed consideration of the design solutions, as well as the problems revealed during the operation, design errors were identified that made it impossible to ensure the required quality of wastewater treatment. Currently, to enhance the operation of the complex, a number of facilities are being upgraded. This will provide for reaching the stable operation of the complex and ensuring the standard indicators at the MPC level for organic and suspended solids in the effluent before being discharged into a water body.

Key words

wastewater treatment , bioblock , domestic wastewater , compact plant , cottage estate , проблемы эксплуатации

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.06.01
UDC 628.35

Smirnov Aleksandr Vladimirovich, Babichev Aleksandr, Fediunin Viacheslav, Fediunin Viacheslav

Improving the environmental safety of the Urals: upgrading the Southern Wastewater Treatment Plant in Yekaterinburg

Summary

The Ural region has been traditionally considered the «backbone» of Russia with the center in Yekaterinburg. The environmental safety of the region is largely ensured by wastewater treatment at the Northern and Southern municipal wastewater treatment plants. The current upgrade of the Southern Wastewater Treatment Plant has become the biggest over the past 7 years: 345 million rubles have already been invested in the building, installation works and equipment. In 2022, the allocated finance will be another 120 million rubles. In the process of reconstruction and modernization of the Southern Wastewater Treatment Plant the mechanical sludge dewatering facilities were subject to upgrade resulting in the double reduction of the generated wastes. More than 70% of aeration tanks (8 of 11 sections) were reconstructed with a complete replacement of the aeration system, and secondary clarifiers were reconstructed with the replacement of sludge sucker (6 of 15 tanks). In general, the upgrade of the biological treatment facilities provided for increasing the environmental performance and improving the state of the ecosystem of the Iset River.

Key words

wastewater treatment , modernization , sludge disposal truck , aeration tank , secondary settling tank , aeration system

UDC 628.35:665.666.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.02.06

Kevbrina M. V., Gavrilov Dmitrii, Belov N. A., Agarev Anton

Industrial tests at the Kur’ianovskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities involving the transfer of one primary settling tank into the acidification mode

Summary

In the process of Moscow wastewater treatment primary effluent is lacking enough organic substances for sustainable removal of nitrogen and phosphorus to meet the regulations. One of the methods of enriching wastewater with easily decomposable organic matter is acidification (acid fermentation) of raw sludge. At the Kur’ianovskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Moscow industrial testing was conducted at the first new treatment block operating according to the UCT process flow scheme with a design capacity of 600 thousand m³/day on transferring one settling tank into the acidification mode. Of the four settling tanks of the block, raw sludge from the three primary settling tanks operating in the clarification mode was fed to the fourth one operating in the acidification mode. Wastewater flow rate for the acidifier was 30–100% of the flow rate of each of the primary settling tanks, or 11–25% of the water flow rate of the block. The acidified sludge recycling was 100% with respect to the raw sludge flow, or 3% with respect to the mixture of raw sludge and wastewater entering the acidifier. The residence time of the sludge in terms of dry matter (SRT) in the acidifier changed during the experiment from 2 to 3.5 days; the highest treatment efficiency in relation to removing nitrogen and phosphorus compounds was achieved with a residence time of 3.5 days. The hydraulic residence time of wastewater in the settling tank-acidifier (HRT) ranged from 1.9 to 5.5 hours and did not have a noticeable effect on the rate of removing nitrates and phosphorus as phosphates at the next biological stage. The arrangement of the operation of the primary settling tank in the acidification mode showed the presence of the effect of this process that contributed to the additional removal of 3.5 mg/l of nitrogen as nitrate and 0.23 mg/l of phosphorus as phosphate, and provided for the treatment level up to BAT standards. The average concentration of nitrogen as nitrates in the effluent decreased from 11.6 to 8.1 mg/l. For phosphorus as phosphate, before the introduction of acidification at the facilities, the standard effluent quality was provided; however, the enrichment of wastewater in the process of acidification with easily decomposable organic matter contributed to a decrease in the concentration of phosphate phosphorus from 0.35 to 0.12 mg/l. The transfer of one primary settling tank to the acidification mode provided for implementing the acidification process eliminating the construction of acidifiers as separate tanks.

Ключевые слова

nitrogen removal , wastewater treatment , acidification , readily available organic matter , prefermentation , phosphorus elimination , process parameters of the acidifiers’ operation

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UDC 628.34:677.3

Pougachev E. A., Ryabaya А. К.

Processes and equipment for introducing zero-discharge water technology at the wool preparation plants

Summary

Methods of wool preparation wastewater treatment are considered. Specific features of recycling wastewater disposal, of wool preparation water use technology with valuable material utilization are presented. Balance calculations of water and solid flows are given.

Key words

wastewater treatment , water disposal , wool preparation , evaporation , wool grease

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UDC 628.1/3

Danilov A. N., KINEBAS A. K., Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A.

Development of water supply and wastewater disposal technologies to supply Saint-Petersburg with clean water and protect the environment of the Baltic Sea Region

Summary

The description of process solutions applied by SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» for the development of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems in the XXI century is presented. Advanced technologies are the tools for achieving the core targets of the enterprise – delivering high-quality water supply and wastewater disposal services that will provide for the good living standards for the citizens, sustainable development of the metropolis, development of the water use culture and conservation of the Baltic Sea Marine. The information of the measures that provided for reducing the water consumption, improving the safety and reliability of the water supply of Saint-Petersburg is stated. The measures are highlighted that provided for the purification of 98.6% wastewater amount, allowed to introduce the technology of nutrients removal from wastewater at all the treatment facilities, to solve the problem of sludge utilization. The innovative technologies used in the construction and upgrade of sewers and networks are described. The information on the advanced solutions of snow utilization in the city is presented. The advanced technical solutions, materials and equipment applied at the facilities operated by SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» are the output of the continuous cooperation of the enterprise with domestic manufacturers, scientific and educational institutions, exchange of experience with the Russian and foreign water utilities.

Key words

water consumption , wastewater treatment , water supply-sewerage services , water treatment technologies , water and wastewater systems , sludge treatment

UDC 628.35
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.04.07

Bagaev Iurii, Kharkina O. V., Krasavin Grigorii, Gundyreva Tat’iana

Development of basic process solutions for the reconstruction
of wastewater treatment facilities in Novosibirsk

Summary

An example of process solutions for the reconstruction of existing wastewater treatment plants using increased concentration of activated sludge and acidification of primary sludge is given. It has been shown that achieving the required effluent quality (N–NH₄ = 1 mg/l, N–NO₃ = 9 mg/l, N–NO₂ = 0.1 mg/l, Р–РО₄ = 0.7 mg/l) during the reconstruction of the facilities, the implementation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes in existing aeration tanks, with the actual flow of incoming wastewater, is possible by increasing the concentration of activated sludge in the aeration tanks to 5.2 g/l, which requires the installation of tertiary treatment filters downstream sludge separation in the secondary settling tanks. The use of tertiary treatment facilities to remove suspended solids is determined in comparison with a more expensive construction of an additional biological treatment unit operating with medium doses of activated sludge. It is shown that the information and technical reference book ITS 10-2019 being a recommendation and not a mandatory document, allows for the use of filtration structures for effluent discharge into category B water bodies. The issues of the responsibility of the designers of basic process solutions for achieving the required effluent quality during the implementation of the project are considered for two cases: first – the main process solutions and the project is developed by one company; second – the main process solutions and the project are developed by different companies.

Key words

wastewater treatment , designing , best available techniques , biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , acidification , public wastewater disposal system , aeration tanks , reconstruction of wastewater treatment facilities

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UDC 628.32.004.69

Sapozhnikova V. A., Steblevsky V. I., Domnin K. V., Men’kov L. L., Ioakimis G. E., Doushko A. O., Bezverhnaya O. S., Kireyev G. A., Dodousov A. A.

Developing a project of the Khabarovsk city wastewater system reconstruction

Summary

The main aspects of the Khabarovsk wastewater system reconstruction project are highlighted. The project includes the following tasks: reconstruction of the Main pumping station on the supply and pressure sewers; improvement of the wastewater treatment capacity; construction of sludge composting facilities; upgrade of the digesters and biogas utilization at a power mini-plant; sludge landfill engineering; development of tertiary treatment, disinfection and oxygenation facilities; off-site utilities engineering – gas, fiber optic line, cold water supply, power lines; gas facilities engineering in the treatment facilities area.

Key words

wastewater treatment , sludge , pumping station , biogenic elements , wastewater system reconstruction

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UDC 628.31.004.69

Streltsov S. A., Belov N. A., Klimova L. A., Pshenko N. L.

Reconstruction of the Novo-Kur’ianovo wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

The Kur’ianovo wastewater treatment facilities are the European biggest municipal wastewater treatment complex. Being an advanced project for its time (1970-ies) by the XXI century the Kur’ianovo wastewater treatment facilities turned to be obsolescent and needed upgrading. In 2010 the project of upgrading the first and second blocks of the Novo-Kur’ianovo wastewater treatment facilities was launched. The specific features of the design solutions of recovering the capacity of the engineering structures of buildings and facilities of the wastewater treatment plant, of retrofitting nutrients removal process are considered alongside with the aspects of reducing malodorous emissions from the open surfaces of the facilities. Special attention in the project is paid to the selection of process equipment – advanced sludge scrapers, sludge pumps, turboblowers and aeration systems were installed. For the first time floating covers of the primary settling tanks were applied.

Key words

sedimentation tank , aeration , wastewater treatment , sludge disposal truck , sludge scraper , nitrification-denitrification , dephosphatization , aeration tank , acidoficator , malodorous emissions removal , floating cover

UDC 628.1/.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.03.01

Pavlinova I. I., Orlov Evgenii, Shipkov Oleg, Kanivets Ul’iana

Water supply and wastewater disposal systems – engineering art for the benefit of people: on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. V. Iakovlev

Summary

The role of Sergei Vasil’evich Iakovlev, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in establishing and developing water supply and wastewater disposal systems is considered. The developments and projects of the scientist have been implemented in many cities of our country. S. V. Iakovlev made a significant contribution to the development of the water industry. S. I. Yakovlev, was establishing and supporting international cooperation with water professionals from many countries, and had great authority among his foreign colleagues. The role of the scientist is also great in training young water professionals. He left behind many worthy students who inherited the helm of their teacher.

Key words

water supply , wastewater treatment , water disposal , water resources , NII VODGEO , S. V. Iakovlev

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.10.03
UDC 628.35:615.076

Dubovik Ol’ga, Markevich R. M., Gavrilovich Ekaterina, Grebenchikova Irina, Ivanovich Vadim

Improving the hydrobiological analysis of activated sludge
at the Minsk wastewater treatment facilities

Summary

Based on the accumulated experience in operating the Minsk Wastewater Treatment Facilities and a review of information sources, a scheme for the hydrobiological analysis of activated sludge was determined, and a form for recording the results of the analysis was provided. For the quantitative account of filamentous microorganisms, an original five-point system was developed. Based on the literature data analysis, favorable conditions for the mass growth of filamentous microorganisms found in activated sludge were determined. Over a long period of time, including different seasons of the year, the improved methodology was tested for monitoring the state of the sludge suspension at two sites of the treatment facilities: traditional four-line continuous-flow aeration tanks at the first site and bioreactors with cascade denitrification at the second site. The species of filamentous microorganisms, permanently living in wastewater treatment structures, have been identified, and the dominant species have been determined. The results of the analysis of filamentous forms and sedimentation characteristics of activated sludge are compared. Conclusions were made about the features of the biocenosis in the aeration tanks at the first site and in the bioreactors at the second site; about the identity of the species composition of the filamentous bacteria communities, the effect of the wastewater composition and treatment conditions (sludge load, occurrence of zones with different levels of aeration) on the properties of the sludge suspension.

Key words

wastewater treatment , sludge index , activated sludge , active sludge dosage , hydrobiological analysis , filamentous form of microorganisms , point-based system

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UDC 628.2:658.562.5

Advanced Well-Timed Service

Summary

The organizational and financial problems that the directors and operating personnel of water and wastewater utilities have to face are presented. The new solutions of the service maintenance of the equipment that meet the current regulatory requirements are suggested. A brand new service type is suggested – Advanced Well-Timed Service (AWTS) that is represented by a number of package offers so-called service-plans: «Precap maintenance», «Individual», «All Included». AWTS is aiming at the optimization of the expenditures of the utilities and operating companies, reduction of labor input for process equipment maintenance, its life extension and improvement of the working conditions of the operating personnel.

Key words

wastewater treatment , process environment , service maintenance , service-plan , maintainability , technical support

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UDC 628.3:658.26.004.18

Streltsov S. A., Khamidov M. G., Bitiev A. V.

Reduction of Specific Consumption of Electric Power for Wastewater Disposal

Summary

The Moscow sewerage represents the complex system of engineering facilities reliable and efficient operation of which is one of the most important components of the city’s sanitary and ecological well-being. The sewerage system of Moscow has been constructed and operates with due regard for a great volume of consumption of energy resources: electric power, heat as well as the use of potable water for own technological needs. Under the conditions of water saving and annual reduction of water consumption and wastewater disposal the reduction of energy resources consumption is one of the basic goals.

Key words

reconstruction , wastewater treatment , sewerage system , wastewater pumping , resource saving , specific norms (indexes)

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UDC 628.196

Romanovskii Valentin, Gorelaia Olesia

Sorbent for oily wastewater treatment based on the wastes of de-ironing plants

Summary

The results of studying the properties of a sorbent obtained by the synthesis of nanosized iron oxides from the sludge generated during purification of wash water of de-ironing filters are presented. The method of exothermic combustion in solutions was chosen for the synthesis. Citric acid and hexamethylenetetramine were used as reducing agents in a stoichiometric ratio according to the reaction equation. X-ray phase analysis of the obtained samples showed the predominant presence of a magnetite phase and, at temperatures above 600°C, an additional hematite phase. The total static exchange capacity and specific surface area of the synthesized sorbent samples (up to 186.6 m²/g) were determined from the sorption of methylene blue dye. The sorbent capacity of the materials obtained (up to 3.1 g/g) is not inferior to the existing sorbents of oil products. Obtaining magnetic oil sorbents is possible eliminating the use of expensive technologies but with the simultaneous use of waste from de-ironing plants which will provide for reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and obtaining an economic effect at least by reducing the cost of production.

Key words

oil products , wastewater treatment , filter bed , sorbent , exothermic combustion in solutions , deironing plant sludge

UDC 628.35:665.666.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.07.02

Agarev Anton, Kevbrina M. V., Gavrilov Dmitrii, Belov N. A., Zharkov A. V.

Process solutions to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment with a low concentration of organic matter

Summary

Through the example of the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities, the ways of improving the efficiency of treatment of low-concentrated wastewater in terms of organic matter are considered: the acidification of raw sludge, addition of an external organic substrate, use of technologies independent of the concentration of organic substances. In the presence of refluxes containing nitrogen and phosphorus, the use of organic matter-independent technologies is promising to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus load on the main biological treatment line. Process solutions that improve the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low-concentrated wastewater in terms of organic matter at the Liuberetsky and Kurianovsky treatment facilities are as follows: acidification of raw sludge to increase the concentration of readily available organic matter; local treatment of refluxes from the sludge treatment facilities to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus load on the biological treatment using the Anammox process and obtaining a mineral fertilizer – struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate). At the small-scale wastewater treatment facilities of New Moscow, the addition of yeast condensate as an additional organic matter provides for increasing the BOD₅/N_total ratio from 3.2 to 4.3, which under these conditions is sufficient for the successful denitrification and biological dephosphorization processes. This made it possible to ensure the standard level of removing nitrogen of nitrates and phosphorus of phosphates and, as a result, reduce the consumption of the chemical (ferric chloride).

Key words

wastewater treatment , removal of nitrogen and phosphorus , best available techniques , return flows , nutrients removal , struvite , Anammox technology , low concentration of organics in wastewater

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UDC 628.35 (211)

Kounakhovich A. A.

Domestic wastewater advanced treatment unit for the use in the settlements of the northern climatic region

Summary

The experts from «Engineering Equipment Trading House» developed and mastered manufacturing of the treatment facilities for domestic wastewater and industrial wastes close by composition to domestic wastewater for the camps in the northern construction climatic region. Tver-C units for advanced treatment of domestic wastewater provide for the comprehensive solution to ensure efficient operation of the treatment facilities in rigorous climate northern areas.

Key words

disinfection , suspended substances , aeration , nitrification , wastewater treatment , phosphates , nitrites , nitrates , chlorides , microflora , denitrifier